Wind Environment Research Articles

Designing breezeways to enhance wind environments in high-density cities: A comprehensive analysis of ten morphological parameters

To advance urban breezeway designs, this paper presents a pioneering and comprehensive study of breezeway morphological parameters. Ten parameters, identified through extensive literature review, include coverage ratio, porosity, line density, sinuosity, rotation angle, width, length, average height, height variation, and aspect ratio. Regression analysis, utilizing over 200 data points collected from wind tunnel experiments in Hong Kong, established correlations between these parameters and pedestrian-level wind velocity ratio (VRpoint). Results reveal that among the 2D parameters, width, length, line density, and coverage ratio exhibit the strongest correlations with VRpoint, while aspect ratio and porosity emerge as significant factors among the 3D parameters. Notably, simple 2D parameters, coverage ratio and width, can effectively substitute for their 3D counterparts, porosity and aspect ratio, in high-density urban environments. Furthermore, the results highlight the relative contributions of different parameters to urban ventilation. From a street-level perspective, VRpoint is primarily influenced by configurations of street segments (width, 80 %) and street intersections (rotation angle, 20 %). From a neighborhood-level perspective, permeability (coverage ratio, 35 %), fragmentation (line density, 30 %), and roughness (average height, 35 %) are critical factors. Illustrative examples are provided to help translate these findings into spatial analysis tools and design guidelines, aiding planners and decision-makers in improving urban living environments.

A Wind Tunnel Test for the Effect of Seed Tree Arrangement on Wake Wind Speed

Changes in canopy structures caused by harvesting and regeneration practices can significantly alter the wind environment. Therefore, it is essential to understand the wind patterns influenced by seed tree arrangements for predicting seed dispersal by winds and ensuring the success of natural regeneration. This study aimed to identify how wind speed responds to seed tree arrangement designs with differing horizontal distances, vertical positions, and free-stream wind speeds. A wind tunnel test was conducted using pine saplings for a scale model of various seed tree arrangements, and the change in wake speed was tracked. The wake’s relative wind speed averaged 71%, ranging from 3.5% to 108.5%, depending on the seed tree arrangement, distance from saplings, and vertical position. It peaked within the patch of three seed trees compared to other arrangements and at the top canopy layer. The empirical function effectively described the wind speed reduction and recovery with distance from saplings. For instance, the minimum wind speed was reached at 0.6–2.2 times the canopy height, and a wind speed reduction of over 20% of the free-stream wind speed was maintained at a 1.6–7.6 canopy height. A negative relationship between the seed tree leaf area and the relative wind speed was observed only at the top canopy layer. This study presents empirical evidence on the patterns of wake winds induced by different types of heterogeneous canopy structures.

Cold Coastal City Neighborhood Morphology Design Method Based on Multi-Objective Optimization Simulation Analysis

In the context of global warming and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, coastal cities are more susceptible to the heat island effect and localized microclimate problems due to the significant influence of the oceanic climate. This study proposes a computer-driven simulation optimization method based on a multi-objective optimization algorithm, combined with tools such as Grasshopper, Ladybug, Honeybee and Wallacei, to provide scientific optimization decision intervals for morphology control and evaluation factors at the initial stage of coastal city block design. The effectiveness of this optimization strategy is verified through empirical research on typical coastal neighborhoods in Dalian. The results show that the strategy derived from the multi-objective optimization-based evaluation significantly improves the wind environment and thermal comfort of Dalian neighborhoods in winter and summer: the optimization reduced the average wind speed inside the block by 0.47 m/s and increased the UTCI by 0.48 °C in winter, and it increased the wind speed to 1.5 m/s and decreased the UTCI by 0.59 °C in summer. This study shows that the use of simulation assessment and multi-objective optimization technology to adjust the block form of coastal cities can effectively improve the seasonal wind and heat environment and provide a scientific basis for the design and renewal of coastal cities.

Dynamics Modeling and Motion Evaluation of a Near-Ground Tethered Balloon Cable System under Severe Wind Environments

Weather survival poses a significant challenge for the utilization of tethered balloons. The dynamic modeling of tethered balloon systems presents challenges due to the flexible nature of the cables and the intricate nature of gust forces. The present study introduces a new approach for modeling near-ground tethered balloon systems, which enables the analysis of their dynamic responses and performance evaluation under complex boundary conditions. First, finite cylindrical rigid bodies that are joined together by bushing forces to describe the dynamics of the tethered cable. The properties of the flexible cables under severe bending and translation can be illustrated by the dynamics model. Second, a three-dimensional dynamics model based on the multibody dynamics theory is created to deal with the interaction of the tethered balloon system and flexible cables. The dynamic responses of the tethered balloon system under challenging operating conditions are investigated, focusing on the number of cable segments and the place and direction of gust wind impacts. This model allows for precise assessment and optimization of the system’s overall performance to improve weather resistance. The results show that compared to computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) methods, the multibody system dynamics-based balloon model improved the solution time by 80%, with a pitch angle deviation of only 0.0016°. Moreover, the bushing model effectively reduced cable force and enabled accurate reflection of the system’s motion characteristics.

Evaluation of the influence of traditional village square layout factors on wind comfort

The layout factors of traditional village squares play a significant role in determining the comfortable outdoor wind environment, making them the primary venue for outdoor communication activities among residents. This study focuses on the traditional village square spaces within the jurisdiction of Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. Through onsite measurements and CFD simulations, the effects of various layout factors on the wind environment are compared and analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The plane permeability index of the enclosed square space layout impacts wind speed, comfort, and ventilation performance. Lowering the index will decrease wind speed, but it will improve comfort. (2) Increasing the height-to-cross-section ratio index of the enclosed layout of the square space will reduce wind speed, thereby improving wind comfort. (3) Increasing the enclosure rate index of the square space enclosure layout will decrease wind speed, resulting in better wind comfort. Overall, the research findings indicate that careful consideration should be given to the enclosed layout of traditional village square spaces to ensure optimal wind conditions.

Olfactory-based powered descent guidance for Mars methane plume exploration in long-time-average wind environment

This paper investigates an olfactory-based powered descent guidance method that enable a lander to autonomously locate and target the vent source of any methane plume in long-time-average wind environment on Mars. The episodic methane plumes emanating from the Martian surface invite the possibility of direct access to the subsurface methane reservoir to acquire pristine organic materials. Constrained by the insufficient knowledge of the accurate plume vent location, Mars landers must infer the target location — the plume source — autonomously during the powered descent. However, existing powered descent guidance methods require the target location as a terminal constraint, rendering them ineffective in plume exploration missions. We propose an olfactory-based powered descent guidance method that could steer a lander to target the methane vent source by tracking the gradient of methane concentration in long-time-average wind environment, imposing sub-optimal fuel consumption. A novel olfactory navigation method based on tracking the negative logarithmic concentration gradient, and the corresponding gradient measurement method, is proposed. By implementing the negative logarithmic gradient field, gradient-dependent dynamic equations for the powered descending lander are proposed. The gradient-dependent equations provide a way to transform the original optimal guidance problem, which is non-convex and terminal-free, into a convex and terminal-fixed problem. A suboptimal guidance law, similar to E-guidance, is then derived by solving this problem. The proposed guidance could target the vent source of any methane plume in long-time-average wind environment, imposing modest fuel consumption by feeding back the concentration gradient. Numerical simulations illustrate that, in comparison to the terminal-fixed E-guidance and the open-loop fuel-optimal guidance, the lander imposes additional fuel consumption of 2.57% and 12.15% respectively, using the proposed guidance law.

Energy expenditure during physical work in cold environments: physiology and performance considerations for military service members.

Effective execution of military missions in cold environments requires highly trained, well-equipped, and operationally ready service members. Understanding the metabolic energetic demands of performing physical work in extreme cold conditions is critical for individual medical readiness of service members. In this narrative review, we describe 1) the extreme energy costs of performing militarily relevant physical work in cold environments, 2) key factors specific to cold environments that explain these additional energy costs, 3) additional environmental factors that modulate the metabolic burden, 4) medical readiness consequences associated with these circumstances, and 5) potential countermeasures to be developed to aid future military personnel. Key characteristics of the cold operational environment that cause excessive energy expenditure in military personnel include thermoregulatory mechanisms, winter apparel, inspiration of cold air, inclement weather, and activities specific to cold weather. The combination of cold temperatures with other environmental stressors, including altitude, wind, and wet environments, exacerbates the overall metabolic strain on military service members. The high energy cost of working in these environments increases the risk of undesirable consequences, including negative energy balance, dehydration, and subsequent decrements in physical and cognitive performance. Such consequences may be mitigated by the application of enhanced clothing and equipment design, wearable technologies for biomechanical assistance and localized heating, thermogenic pharmaceuticals, and cold habituation and training guidance. Altogether, the reduction in energy expenditure of modern military personnel during physical work in cold environments would promote desirable operational outcomes and optimize the health and performance of service members.

A Proposed Method for Assessing the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) in Shallow Waters Using a UAV: A Study Conducted in Koh Tao, Thailand

In this study, we propose a method for assessing the temporal and spatial distribution of Carcharhinus melanopterus in shallow waters using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Aerial surveys were conducted in Tien Og Bay (Koh Tao, Thailand) thrice daily (morning, afternoon, evening) along a 360 m transect at a 30 m altitude. Environmental factors, including cloudiness, sea conditions, wind, tide, and anthropogenic disturbance, were recorded for each time slot. We developed a Python/AppleScript application to facilitate individual counting, correlating sightings with GPS data and measuring pixel-based length. Abundance varied significantly across time slots (p < 0.001), with a strong morning preference, and was influenced by tide (p = 0.040), favoring low tide. Additionally, abundance related to anthropogenic disturbance (p = 0.048), being higher when anthropogenic activity was absent. Spatial distribution analysis indicated time-related, sector-based abundance differences (p < 0.001). Pixel-based length was converted to Total Length, identifying juveniles. They exhibited a strong sector preference (p < 0.001) irrespective of the time of day. Juvenile abundance remained relatively stable throughout the day, constituting 94.1% of afternoon observations. Between 2020 and 2022, an underwater video survey was conducted to determine the sex ratio of the individuals. Only females and juveniles were sighted in the bay.

Application of convolutional neural network for efficient turbulence modeling in urban wind field simulation

Accurate flow field estimation is crucial for the improvement of outdoor environmental quality, but computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on the widely used Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method has limitations in this regard. This study developed a turbulence modeling framework based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to model turbulence in urban wind fields. The CNN model was trained by learning the Reynolds stress patterns and spatial correlations with the use of high-fidelity datasets. Next, the model was integrated into the CFD solver to generate accurate and continuous flow fields. The generalization capability of the proposed framework was initially demonstrated on the simplified benchmark configurations. The validated framework was then applied to case studies of urban wind environments to further assess its performance, and it was shown to be capable of delivering accurate predictions of the velocity field around an isolated building. For more complex geometries, the proposed framework performed well in regions where the flow properties were covered by the training dataset. Moreover, the present framework provided a continuous and smooth velocity field distribution in highly complicated applications, underscoring the robustness of the proposed turbulence modeling framework.

On the Assessment of Wind Microclimate in a Complex Urban Environment Utilising Computational Fluid Dynamics

This paper presents an insight and key considerations for using Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate the Wind Microclimate in a Complex Urban Environment. The current study involved developing a local 10m height “reference” wind rose for the project site and then combining statistical meteorological data with aerodynamic information and wind comfort and wind safety criteria. Where wind speeds were found to be at undesirable wind levels at areas of interest (ground level, podium level, terraces, balconies, etc.), recommendations were made to reduce detrimental wind effects, e.g. using landscaping, porous windbreaks, canopies, etc. The criteria used in the evaluation of pedestrian-level winds surrounding the proposed development were based on the well-established “Lawson” criteria which couple the probability of exceeding winds at given statistical levels with wind speed magnitudes originally related to the Beaufort Land Scale. To take into account the influence of the immediate surrounding environment, all neighboring buildings and local topography within a diameter of almost 1,000 m around the site were included in the developed CFD model. Furthermore, all small canopies, balconies, and semi-open spaces were modeled in detail as per the provided architectural drawings. Based on a mesh sensitivity assessment, polyhedral elements were used for the entire computational domain. CFD analysis offers a comprehensive range of output including the velocity distribution in three directions and turbulence levels, allowing the identification of hot spot areas that have potentially unacceptable wind conditions for further assessment and mitigation treatments to reduce wind speed to acceptable levels. The baseline (no mitigation) scenario simulation results contributed to a better understanding of the environmental wind impact for the project at the site, enabling a targeted approach to the development of effective windbreak options This paper provides a comprehensive approach toward the establishment of a robust CFD assessment of human comfort to ensure that proposed building developments and their streetscapes create a comfortable wind environment to live and visit.

Experimental investigations on the influence of bridge deck gratings on the aerodynamic stability of the long-span suspension footbridge with a streamlined double-side box girder

In the complex wind environment of canyon regions, different kinds of bridge deck gratings (BDGs) are often used as novel aerodynamic countermeasures to improve the wind-resistance performance of long-span suspension footbridges. However, how to design reasonable BDGs to effectively improve the aerodynamic stability of long-span suspension footbridges is still an urgent problem to be solved, and there is no literature reporting on it. Therefore, in this study, according to a long-span suspension footbridge with a streamlined double-side box girder (SDSBG) and BDGs, the section models with different percentages of opening (β) and layouts of BDGs were made, and then the force- and vibration-measured tests were performed to study the influence of the layouts and β of BDGs on the aerostatic and flutter stability. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of BDGs on the flutter stability was investigated, and the optimal β and layouts of BDGs were also proposed. So, it is found that: when 0% ≤ β ≤ 22% (especially β = 11%), BDGs are unfavorable to the aerodynamic stability; when β ≥ 44%, the aerodynamic stability can be significantly improved by using BDGs; moreover, the layouts of Cases O (β reaches the maximum) and S (two strips of BDGs installed along the longitudinal direction) are more beneficial to the aerodynamic stability. Therefore, the optimal β and layouts of BDGs beneficial to the aerodynamic stability are β ≥ 44% and the layouts of Cases O and S, respectively, and the studies in this manuscript can provide a meaningful reference for the wind resistance design of long-span suspension footbridges in the future.

Modulating local winds and turbulence around a single building obstacle with the obstruction of tall vegetation

Strategic vegetation placement can significantly alter airflow patterns and turbulence, fostering desired wind environments. By comparing scenarios where vegetation is placed upstream, downstream or absent (treeless) relative to a single building using large-eddy simulation, this study provides detailed insights into the sensitivity of flow dynamics to the positioning of the vegetation. Upstream vegetation more significantly disrupts the flow patterns around the building obstacle, altering vertical wind profiles and modifying wake circulations, compared to downstream vegetation. A small shear layer developed at the plant top for upstream vegetation markedly influences turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) on both the leeward and windward sides of the building, shifting the inflection point in vertical TKE profiles by up to 0.13H. By contrast, smaller tree-building separations lead to an effective merging of their aerodynamic profiles, whereas larger separations confine the streamwise breadth of turbulent fluxes, amplifying flux exchanges in the spanwise direction. Spectral analyses reveal that upstream vegetation consistently results in higher power spectral densities of the streamwise turbulence in the residential area than downstream vegetation. While small-scale spanwise velocity fluctuations are found to be comparably energetic at the building's windward side for upstream vegetation, the power becomes substantially concentrated on large-scale eddies in the building wake region, providing specific insights into modulating turbulent eddy motions within the residential zone.

Station keeping control method based on deep reinforcement learning for stratospheric aerostat in dynamic wind field

Aiming at the problem of long-endurance station keeping of stratospheric aerostats under energy constraints in dynamic wind environment, a stratospheric aerostat station keeping controller was designed using the D3QN (Dueling Double Deep Q Network) algorithm of deep reinforcement learning in this article. The performance of the station keeping controllers are evaluated by the average station keeping radius and station keeping effective time ratio. Meanwhile, the effects of different reward functions on the performance of station keeping controller are studied. The simulation results of typical scenarios with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data show that: under the task constraints of three days of station keeping time and 50 km of station keeping radius, the average station keeping radius of the stratospheric aerostat without power propulsion is 28.25 km, the station keeping time ratio is 90.56%, and the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery is more than 50%. Under the condition of propulsion, the control effect of the average station keeping radius of stratospheric aerostat is significantly improved. The control effect of adding dynamic propulsion in the north–south direction is better than that in the east–west direction, which is close to the dual-channel control effect. At the same time, this study verifies that the station keeping controller based on deep reinforcement learning has strong robustness, and demonstrates that the station keeping controller can be designed with different reward functions for the requirements of different station keeping task.

Impacts of Sampling and Storm-Motion Estimates on RUC/RAP-Based Discriminations of Nontornadic and Tornadic Supercell Environments

Abstract This study explores reasons for differences in discriminations of nontornadic and tornadic supercell environments between a recent study of field project (FP) radiosonde observations and RUC/RAP-based studies. Two differences are explored: 1) differences in the relative skill between near-ground and deeper-layer storm-relative helicity (SRH) and 2) differences in skill for storm-relative winds (SRWs) seen in observed soundings that are not seen in RUC/RAP-based analyses. Results show that RUC/RAP-derived near-ground SRH continues to show larger skill than deeper-layer SRH for springtime, afternoon/evening cases over the plains (the “FP” domain), although 0–1-km SRH becomes more skillful than 0–500-m SRH. The skill of kinematic variables decreases over the FP domain, as the skill of mixed-layer convective available potential energy (MLCAPE) and the percent of the low-level horizontal vorticity that is streamwise increase for significant tornadoes. Large skill is found for mean ground-relative winds (GRWs) over all layers tested, but the skill of SRWs using Bunkers motion is relatively small. The field project dataset is shown to be biased toward particularly high-end nontornadic supercells, with more tornado-favorable mixed-layer lifted condensation levels (MLLCLs), lapse rates, and low-level shear/SRH compared to the nontornadic cases in the RUC/RAP dataset over the FP domain. The skill of deeper-layer SRH, GRWs, SRWs, and MLCAPE is unusually large in the field project sample, which highlights variables that may increase the likelihood of tornadoes when other variables that relate to the supercell tornado production (low-level shear/SRH and MLLCLs) are already in a tornado-favorable range. The skill of deeper-layer kinematic variables is particularly evident when observed storm motions are used instead of Bunkers motion. Significance Statement Researchers continue to explore reasons why some storms produce tornadoes and others do not. Some recent studies show conflicting results, including the best layers to analyze the environmental wind shear and the ability of wind speeds relative to the storm to distinguish nontornadic from tornadic storms. One study is rooted in observations taken for field projects that targeted tornadic storms and the others in model analyses. Restricting model analyses to a spatiotemporal region that emulates field projects does not explain the disagreement but reveals how the skill of some other variables changes. The tendency for field projects to target particularly strong storms and the use of actual storm motions versus estimates of storm motions both contribute to the conflicting results.

Research on the Simulation and Optimization of Wind Environment in School Canteen based on Airpak

In order to explore the ventilation status of the school canteen, maintain the freshness of the air in the densely populated area, investigate the natural ventilation situation, formulate the corresponding natural ventilation strategy, and maintain a good ventilation effect, the simulation and optimization study of the canteen wind environment was carried out based on Airpak, and the simulation results were evaluated according to the analysis and evaluation of indoor wind environment parameters, and the ventilation strategy was optimized.

Construction of a Model for Assessing the Comfort of Residential Indoor Environment Based on Multisensory Design

Economic development and technological progress have made people’s demand for indoor environments higher and higher, and designing safe, comfortable, and healthy indoor environments through multisensory design is worthy of serious consideration. In order to realize the assessment of indoor environment comfort under multi-sensory design, this paper carries out data assessment from three dimensions of thermal environment, light environment and air environment. Relying on the PMV model of thermal environment comfort, we analyze the trends of indoor temperature and humidity, average radiant temperature, and PMV values. Combine Weber-Fechler and lighting coefficient to study the visual comfort change of indoor light environment, and analyze the lighting illuminance of indoor light environment under different working conditions by illuminance uniformity. From the basic principle of indoor wind environment, the changes of effective temperature difference and blowing sense caused by air temperature and wind speed are investigated. The temperature difference of the south-facing room decreased between 12.14% and 15.65% before and after the heating was stopped, which is a small change. The average indoor ambient radiant temperature values at different measurement points were up to 27.59 °C, and the fluctuations of the average indoor thermal ambient PMV values were within the range of [-1.2,1.6]. When the indoor light ambient illuminance value increased from 200 lux to 600 lux, the visual comfort improvement was more significant than from 600 lux to 1000 lux. The indoor air distribution characteristic ADPI value was 100% when the air velocity was 0.15m/s and 0.25m/s. Based on the results of indoor environment comfort assessment, multisensory optimization of indoor environment comfort from heat, light and air environments is proposed to provide guidance for improving people’s satisfaction with indoor environment.

Clustering tall building typologies and analyzing their composite impacts on wind environments in infill development projects

Clustering tall building typologies and analyzing their composite impacts on wind environments in infill development projects

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF RADIATOR SYSTEM PERFORMANCE UNDER BAUCHI CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

The cooling system of the car plays a crucial role in managing the excess heat generated by the engine during its operation. Among its components, the radiator is pivotal for efficiently dissipating heat. However, the effectiveness of a radiator is influenced by various factors, including external conditions such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, and wind speed. This research aimed to understand the impact of Bauchi climatic conditions on automotive radiators. A comprehensive approach was employed, utilizing reverse engineering techniques to create a detailed model of a car radiator using SolidWorks, a computer-aided design (CAD) software. This model underwent simulations using ANSYS software with water as the coolant fluid. Environmental temperature, humidity, and wind speed data for Bauchi North and Bauchi South were sourced from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet). The simulation timeframe spanned from January to December. The study shows the effects of environmental temperature, humidity, and wind speed on radiator performance. The highest outlet temperature recorded was 43.50°C at a flow rate of 2500 kg/h in April, and the lowest outlet temperature was 40.01°C at a flow rate of 500 kg/h in Bauchi North. For Bauchi South, the highest outlet temperature was 40.98°C at a flow rate of 2500 kg/h in April, and the lowest was 37.12°C at a flow rate of 500 kg/h. This study highlights the pivotal role of Bauchi's atmospheric conditions in influencing radiator performance, emphasizing the interplay between environmental factors and engineering design in automotive cooling systems.

A cross-sectional study on phlebotomine sand flies in relation to disease transmission in the Republic of Kosovo.

Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) are blood-feeding insects that transmit the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp. and various arboviruses. The Balkan region, including the Republic of Kosovo, harbours a diverse sand fly fauna. Vector species of Leishmania infantum as well as phleboviruses are endemic; however, recent data are scarce. We performed a cross-sectional study to update the current sand fly distribution in Kosovo and assess biological as well as environmental factors associated with sand fly presence. CDC light trapping was conducted at 46 locations in 2022 and 2023, specifically targeting understudied regions in Kosovo. Individual morphological species identification was supported by molecular barcoding. The occurrence data of sand flies was used to create distribution maps and perform environmental analyses, taking elevation, wind speed and climate-related factors into account. In addition, PCR-based blood meal analysis and pathogen screening were conducted. Overall, 303 specimens of six sand fly species were trapped, predominated by Phlebotomus neglectus (97%). Barcodes from eight of nine known endemic sand fly species were obtained. Combining our data with previous surveys, we mapped the currently known sand fly distribution based on more than 4000 specimens at 177 data points, identifying Ph. neglectus and Ph. perfiliewi as the predominant species. Environmental analyses depicted two geographical groups of sand flies in Kosovo, with notable differences between the species. In total, 223 blood meals of five sand fly species were analysed. Of seven identified host species, the predominant blood meal source was observed to be cattle, but the DNA of dogs and humans, among others, was also detected. This study assessed biological as well as ecological factors of sand fly occurrence, which should help better understand and evaluate potential hot spots of disease transmission in Kosovo.

Method for Producing Columnar Ice in Laboratory and Its Application

This study presents the design of a small open-circuit wind tunnel for laboratory use and a method for preparing columnar ice. The ice formation process was analyzed in terms of temperature and ice thickness variations under varying environmental temperatures and wind speeds. Observations revealed that as wind speed increased, the grain size of the columnar ice decreased. Key findings include the following: (1) the selection and validation of two cubic arcs for the wind tunnel contraction section, achieving an acceleration ratio of 6.7–6.8 and stable wind speeds of 1–10 m/s; (2) real-time temperature monitoring indicated rapid cooling before freezing and slower cooling post-freezing, with lower ambient temperatures and higher wind speeds accelerating the icing process; (3) the −1/2 power of grain size was found to be positively correlated with wind speed; and (4) the method’s feasibility for studying mechanical properties of polar columnar ice was confirmed. This technique offers a controlled approach for producing columnar ice in the laboratory, facilitating comprehensive research on ice properties and providing a foundation for future studies on the mechanical behavior of ice under windy polar conditions.