Engineering Surveys Research Articles

Influence of the deep pit construction on a settlements of surrounding buildings

Various methods exist for calculating the subgrade settlements of foundations built on soil subgrade without defects and damages. The physical and mechanical characteristics of such soil subgrade are usually determined using the results of engineering and geological surveys and other methods that characterize their in-situ conditions before construction. It is usually assumed that these characteristics are constant throughout their life cycle regardless whether they get later disturbed by buildings and/or structures. In fact, the mechanical characteristics of the soils of the subgrade vary and are subject of continuous changes due to various factors. Therefore, the use of existing calculation methods often lead to inadequate estimates of settlements of subgrade and foundations of buildings and structures. Assessment of vertical deformations of soil subgrade in the zone of influence of deep pits usually falls in this category. The method for calculating the settlement of bases and foundations of buildings was developed taking into account the formation and development of defects and damages in the soil structure in the zone of influence of a deep pit. It is based on a method of layer-by-layer summation, taking into account the spatial stress state of the soil mass and changes in the mechanical state of the soil due to surcharge conditions.

Garage complexes as the infrastructural basis of a modern city

The problem of the effective organization of parking spaces, the need for the construction of a multi-storey garage complex located in the transport-service system of the city investigated. The requirements of the existing federal law and regulations governing the conditions for placing the garage complex and car maintenance areas in relation to residential, public and business buildings located in the immediate vicinity have been worked out and considered. The construction site of Autohall garage complex, having weak, water-saturated clay soils, has been investigated. A constructive solution is considered and the advantage of using reinforced concrete column piles as supports reinforcing the soil is revealed. MONOMACH software complex solves a wide range of problems and has a number of advantages over other automated systems. The program implements a wide range of possibilities for inter-program communication. The construction of a monolithic frame of the complex, its volumetric model in COMPONOVKA program was consistently performed. Program GRUNT determined spatial modeling of the soil body according to the given engineering and geological surveys, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil, the bed coefficient. A monolithic foundation slab on a pile foundation was imported into PLITA program and the calculation of the optimal thickness of the slab, reinforcement of the lower and upper zones, numerical modelling of the work of the stress-strain state, i.e. an optimal design solution was chosen that excluded uneven deformations of the base, i.e. the design solution excludes ultimate deformations of the base.

Ways to Solve Problems in the Field of Land Relations at The Present Stage

This study examines the problems of geodetic support of cadastral works in terms of inaccuracies in determining the coordinates of land boundaries. The problems of the geodesic industry as a whole are also considered, in particular, in the section of engineering and geodetic surveys of the Voronezh region there are many flaws, contradictions, and shortcomings. In this paper, all these negative phenomena will be revealed, the causes will be identified, and a solution to these problems will be proposed. The paper reveals the concept of "infrastructure of geodetic works". The analysis of the current state of the infrastructure of geodetic works on the territory of the Voronezh region of the Russian Federation is performed. A regional program for reconstruction and improvement of the quality of coordinate descriptions of points in geodetic networks of the Voronezh region was proposed and developed. Conclusions are drawn and suggestions are given for the success of the reconstruction of the infrastructure of geodetic works in the Voronezh region

Comprehensive Restoration of the Workable Technical Condition of Expanded Clay Concrete Panels of Industrial Buildings with Moral and Physical Wear

All articles must contain an abstract. The abstract text should be formatted using 10 point Times or Times New Roman and indented 25 mm from the left margin. Leave 10 mm space after the abstract before you begin the main text of your article, starting on the same page as the abstract. The abstract should give readers concise information about the content of the article and indicate the main results obtained and conclusions drawn. The abstract is not part of the text and should be complete in itself; no table numbers, figure numbers, references or displayed mathematical expressions should be included. It should be suitable for direct inclusion in abstracting services and should not normally exceed 200 words in a single paragraph. Since contemporary information-retrieval systems rely heavily on the content of titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both Purpose of research is determining the category of technical condition of building structures to assess the residual resource of industrial facilities and urban infrastructure. Development of a technical solution to the problem of a restoration of a workable technical condition of building envelopes, including the provision of mechanical and heat engineering requirements. During the engineering survey of the building located at Kursk region, significant defects and damages affecting the technical condition of the building envelope were revealed. According to the results of studies, some flaws were identified that need to be eliminated. The ways of solving the identified problems and defects associated with the building envelope are given and described to restore the building to its proper condition. During surveys of building structures, it is necessary to pay attention not only to strengthening building structures, but also to restoring the thermal characteristics of building envelopes and bringing them in conformity with the requirements of current regulatory documents. To accomplish this task, a reinforcement design has been developed that creates the necessary reinforcement and brings the thermal characteristics of the building envelope in accordance with modern requirements to ensure the necessary energy efficiency of the building envelope.

Research on Computer-Aided Road Landscape Design

The road landscape computer aided technology in China’s engineering survey in the development and application, and in road mapping, building survey has an important role, its development and promotion of China’s building construction of far-reaching significance. This paper describes the current road landscape, the practical application of computer aided technology for computer aided technology, the principle of road landscape is analyzed, and puts forward the ground of the stationary road landscape of computer-aided technology in actual production process, the application of technology is analyzed, put forward the road landscape trend of computer aided technology application in the engineering survey, in order to offer reader reference.

Aggressive Groundwater Distribution in the City of Barnaul

The paper focuses on the influence of aggressive groundwaters on concrete and reinforced concrete structures in Barnaul (Russia), affecting their durability. The exposure to aggressive waters can significantly reduce the reliability and safety of the operated buildings. The paper analyzes the chemical composition of groundwaters obtained from engineering and geological surveys in Barnaul. The processing of the products determined the type and intensity of the aggressiveness. The presence of aggressive groundwater was considered for each dedicated aquifer involved in the interaction between the geological environment and construction. The research resulted in the compilation of a map of aggressive groundwater distribution in Barnaul. The authors note that this problem is insufficiently studied, especially considering the technogenic load on the geological and hydrogeological environment and the accumulated experience. It is necessary to continue studies to determine the exact boundaries of the aggressive groundwaters in urban areas. Particular attention should be paid to geological processes of “flooding,” because they affect groundwater aggressiveness.

Research on the Teaching Reform Strategy of Professional Engineering Survey Course for Architecture Specialty based on the Internet under the Background of MOOC

In the “Internet +” era, MOOC is a new form of online open course, which has caused the change of teaching concept and teaching mode. MOOC is a learning experience that integrates high-quality educational resources, which brings new learning experience to learners. However, there are still some problems in MOOC, which will affect learners’ difficulty to enter the deep learning state. Firstly, this paper analyzes the importance of MOOC. Then, this paper puts forward some questions. Finally, some suggestions are put forward.

Geotechnical and architectural studies of the territory in the water protection zone of the Temernik River at the pre-design analysis stage

The article describes the application of an integrated systematic approach to the organization of surveys at the architectural spatial environment pre-design studies stage in the water protection zone of the Temernik River. The authors propose to use the geological portal “Geobaza” when conducting engineering surveys on the territory to increase the economic feasibility of the developed architectural project and reduce the time for the pre-project engineering studies’ execution.

Analysis on the Application of New Surveying and Mapping Technology in Engineering Survey

Analysis on the Application of New Surveying and Mapping Technology in Engineering Survey

Application of Ground-based 3D Laser Scanning Technology in Engineering Surveying

In this paper, the technological process of fixed ground-based 3D laser scanning technology in practical production of engineering survey is introduced, and application methods of the technology in topographic map surveying and mapping, earthwork calculation, road surveying, 3D modeling and other aspects are systematically discussed. Meanwhile, the paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of this technology compared with traditional surveying and mapping methods, discusses the application direction and prospect of ground-based 3D laser scanning technology in the future11, and provide a reference for the application of this technology in urban engineering surveying.

Business processes engineering for organizing the construction objects’ design

The article is devoted to the engineering of business processes for organizing project activities. Engineering of the design organization aims to develop, introduce the new methods and model business processes for planning activities, carry out the engineering surveys, search for the most optimal design solutions that will achieve the best quality, taking into account all possible potential design problems. The author examines the scheme of business processes for organizing the design of construction projects, which will improve the development quality of design and estimate documentation and the applied design solutions’ level.

Оперативная оценка риска развития подтопления для внесения сведений в Единый государственный реестр недвижимости с использованием ГИС-технологий (на примере Обь-Томского междуречья)

The article analyzes the existing procedure for entering information on the boundaries of zones with special conditions for the use of territories in the Unified State Register of Real Estate using the example of flooding zones. The basic regulatory documents governing the procedure and procedure for establishing flood zones are identified, in which gaps are identified in the requirements for the content of the work to determine the boundaries of such zones and assess their accuracy. In this connection, it is proposed to use the algorithm developed by the authors to determine the boundaries of the zones of underflooding development based on the analysis of the hydrographic network and digital terrain model using GIS technologies. This methodology is aimed at an operational assessment of the conditions of built-up and built-up territories, which allows to reduce the financial costs of conducting expensive engineering surveys, the need of which remains to clarify the results of computer mapping in the most critical areas. The norms of accuracy of determining the boundaries of flood zones are proposed, which will correspond to the accuracy of determining the boundaries of the lands of the water fund. In order to test the developed algorithm, we chose the territory of the Ob-Tomsk interfluve, for which zoning was carried out according to the depth of groundwater and the territories of moderate and severe flooding were identified for the purpose of further more detailed study. Keywords: GIS technology; occurrence depth; Unified state register of real estate; flood zone; engineering survey; restrictions The groundwater; zoning of the territory; accuracy of determination of coordinates; business activity.

Application of New Surveying and Mapping Technology in the Construction of Smart City

With the rapid development of information technology, the rapid advancement of urbanization and the rapid expansion of urban scale, higher requirements have been put forward for the development of the city, which promotes the continuous acceleration of the urban process, and the construction of smart city has become an inevitable development trend. Smart city is the combination of digital city and Internet of things. Digital city construction uses Remote Sensing, Global Navigation Satellite System, Geographic Information System, Engineering Survey and other Mapping Technology. Therefore, in the construction of smart city, the most indispensable is modern information technology and surveying and mapping technology. Through the analysis of the application of new surveying and mapping technology in the construction of smart city, this paper shows the important role of new surveying and mapping technology in the construction of smart city.

Up-to-date technologies of constructing foundations on loose soil in the city of Moscow

The area of residential buildings constructed in various soil conditions in Moscow has amounted to more than 15 million square meters for the past 20 years. Analysis of the work performed in 1990-2010 showed that various design and survey organizations carry out design and engineering surveys in different ways.Studies of the peculiarities of the construction of various objects in Moscow have shown a high efficiency of the examination of materials for geotechnical and envi-ronmental engineering surveys, as well as design documentation. There are cases when, in the course of construction work, the effectiveness of other, previously not provided for, design and technological solutions is confirmed.Many possible emergencies of existing buildings, as well as the facilities under con-struction attached to them, unreasonable, expensive and ineffective design solutions were excluded in the process of special examination of the projects.

Optimization of the engineering surveys geodetic coordinate frame based on the Mercator projection use

The article proposes the use of a geodetic coordinate frame suitable for the reference plan geodetic networks of Vietnam used in engineering surveys. This framework minimizes distortion in horizontal spacing when going from ellipsoid to plane. In the course of the work, the parameters of the coordinate system and the height of the level surface were selected using the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM). The equations used for the calculations are determined based on theoretical analysis and are easily applied in surveying.

Methods and technology of reinforcing a leaning slope

Geotechnical engineering is one of the most important components in the construction of the underground parts of facilities for various purposes. The vast potential of geotechnical technologies makes it possible to successfully complete foundation construction in any engineering and geological conditions and any area, including slopes, gullies, and embankments. The conditions of the Arctic regions are no exception. It is important to consider the specifics of each facility. It is common to see facilities erected on varying terrain with structurally unstable soils running across, loaded with slopes. In geotechnical practice, construction on such slopes is sometimes carried out without proper engineering support, i.e., without any engineering surveys or landslide protection measures. In most cases, disregard for generally accepted standards leads to undesirable consequences represented by the deformation of the constructed buildings. This paper reviews one of such cases.

Сравнительный анализ результатов определения несущей способности забивной висячей сваи

This article is aimed at verifying a methodology for defining the load capacity of adriven hanging pile, which is part of a foundation laid on a real construction site after conducting engineering and geological surveys. The results of an automated analysis of the pile load capacity implemented in 2 software complexes (SC) – a) "Zapros" software (version 21.1.9.7), which is a part of SCAD Office software and b) with a subsystem "Statika" – a part of the complex planning system Ing+ were compared. Further, we performed a calculation analysis according to the SP 24.13330.2012 "Pile Foundations. The updated Version of SNiP 2.02.03-85", where the load capacity of a driven hanging pile is calculated as a sum of the resistivity of the foundation ground under the low part of the pile and the ground on its side surface. A comparative analysis of the obtained results established that the value calculated in SC Statika, namely in module Statika ground –concrete piles, is lower than that obtained by manual analysis according to SP (the spread is 2.19%). At the same time, the result obtained with the Zapros software produces an error higher than the normative value by 13.55%. Thus, the study has shown inconsistency in the results obtained using normative requirements and automated analysis. It can be concluded that the use of software complexes does not guarantee an entirely reliable result, thus not abrogating the responsibility of the planner and requiring additional verification.

НЕДОСТАТКИ НОРМИРОВАНИЯ ТОЧНОСТИ ВЫСОТ В СП 121.13330.2019 «АЭРОДРОМЫ», АКТУАЛИЗИРОВАННОЙ РЕДАКЦИИ СНиП 32-03–96

Based on the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents governing the ful-fillment of engineering and geodetic surveys for construction, the disadvantages of standardizing the accuracy of heights in SP 121.13330.2019 "Aerodromes", actualized edition SNiP 32-03–96 are con-sidered. Attention is drawn to the ambiguity of the given norms for the accuracy of heights, which leads to their free interpretation when calculating the accuracy of the alignment base, the internal alignment network, layout work, and control geodetic measurements. Doubts are expressed to their validity. To illustrate the application of the established accuracy standards, there is given an example of calculating the accuracy of high-altitude layout works and control geodetic measurements, internal high-altitude layout networks and a grid base when constructing structural layers of artificial founda-tions and aerodrome coatings using the "negligible influence" method and taking into account the ac-curacy of technological processes. Here are suggestions on improving the quality of standardization of the accuracy of heights for the construction of airdromes.

Разработка рекомендаций по выполнению инженерно-геологических изысканий в Арктической зоне

В статье представлены рекомендации по выполнению инженерно-геологических изысканий в части использования полевых и лабораторных методов исследования многолетнемерзлых грунтов при проектировании и строительстве зданий и сооружений в Арктической зоне. Разработанные рекомендации обеспечивают соблюдение требований, предъявляемых к составу, методам и объемам выполнения инженерно-геокриологических исследований. Применение рекомендаций позволит повысить надежность и эффективность проектных решений оснований и фундаментов на многолетнемерзлых грунтах, точность геотехнических расчетов, геотехнического контроля при возведении сооружений. Даны предложения по использованию рекомендаций при разработке и совершенствовании нормативно-технических документов, в частности, при внесении изменений в СП 25.13330.2012.

Forecast of seismic resistance of structures by the results of numerical simulation of deformation properties of soil bases

The object of the research is the forecast of seismic resistance when strengthening the soil foundations of structures. The purpose of the work is to numerically estimate the total increment of seismic intensity during artificial transformation and strengthening of foundation soils based on the results of geomechanical modeling. The study is based on classical mathematical methods for modeling soil foundations in a flat nonlinear setting. A new approach to determining the total increment of seismic intensity is presented, based on determining the ratio of the values of subsidence of the foundations of buildings and structures before and after soil strengthening. The paper presents the results of predicting changes in seismic resistance for real objects, obtained from the data of engineering and geological surveys and numerical computer models. It was found that due to the transformation of soil foundations, seismic resistance can decrease by more than 0.5 points. This technique can be used both to adjust the scoring for individual objects and to clarify the boundaries of seismic zones on OCP maps.