Engineering Surveys Research Articles

Research on Technical Measures of Precision Control in Construction Engineering Survey

Research on Technical Measures of Precision Control in Construction Engineering Survey

PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING SURVEYS AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF LAND AND CADASTRE WORKS IN PREPARATION OF LAND PLOTS FOR REGISTRATION IN THE BASE OF THE STATE LAND CADASTER

Performing engineering surveys is a mandatory part of the development of technical documentation on land management. Surveys allow to confirm the accuracy of the performed geodetic or topographic survey. In particular, the accuracy of determining the geodetic coordinates of the turning points of the boundaries of the land, to link the turning points of the boundaries of the land to the geodetic points of the State Geodetic Network of Ukraine. The main purpose of the article is to reflect the main components of engineering surveys as part of land cadastral works in preparation of land for registration in the database of the State Land Cadastre. The coordinate basis for land management is the State Geodetic Reference Coordinate System USK-2000, the geodetic basis for land management – points of the State Geodetic Network 1-3 classes, points of geodetic networks of compaction 4 class, 1 and 2 categories, points of the surveying network. The coordinates of the points of the State Geodetic Network of Ukraine, geodetic networks of condensing and turning points of the boundaries of geospatial objects are determined by rectangular coordinates (x, y) in the Gauss-Krueger projection in the USC-2000 coordinate system or local coordinate systems. related to the USC-2000 coordinate system. The control of the differential field of coordinate corrections when working with the use of RTK technologies is carried out at least at the two nearest points of DGM and GMZ, the coordinates of which are obtained from the administrator of the geodetic data bank. The difference in the values of the coordinates of control points should not exceed 0.1 m in cities of regional importance, 0.2 m - in other cities and towns, 0.3 m - in rural areas and 0.5 m - outside the settlements. Keywords: engineering surveys, State Geodetic Network of Ukraine, land cadastral works, coordinate system, State Land Cadastre.

Application of information technology for environmental monitoring of various ecosystems, engineering and environmental surveys

In recent decades, the problem of the ecological status of not only the Russian Federation, but also in most countries of the world it is an urgent widespread problem. This article provided by the terminology of environmental monitoring, which in turn includes subsystems such as geophysical, climatic, biological and sanitary-hygienic monitoring, as well as appropriate the monitoring systems the environment. The tasks on the conduct of environmental monitoring are set and control are set, which include surveillance the status of the environment, obtaining information about ecosystems, assessing and predicting anthropogenic impacts, implementing plans and measures for nature protection, analyzing the effectiveness of management decisions and actions for acceptance security environmental safety.

Calculation of large-span glulam structures as a soil base-foundation-above-ground structure system

The object of research. Long-span glulam arches are widely used as coatings for public and sports buildings. The studies carried out concern double-hinged segmental arches with spans of 60 m and more.
 Description of the problem. The study of the peculiarities of the work of arches as a system "soil base - foundation - above-ground structure" is associated with the significant influence of uneven deformations of supports on the stress-strain state of the above-ground structure. A change in the stress-strain state in the structure itself, associated with uneven deformations of the foundations, can lead to a significant decrease up to the complete exhaustion of the bearing capacity
 Main scientific results. This article provides an analysis of the change in the stress-strain state of glulam arches when calculating the system "soil base-foundation-above-ground structure". It is noted that non-uniform deformations of supports have the greatest influence on the stress in the support zones of the structure. The range of critical non-uniform subsidence has been determined, which should be limited when calculating and designing the foundations of large-span arches. It has been confirmed that double-hinged glulam arches work well in conditions of uneven subsidence due to the peculiarities of the design scheme.
 The results of the studies carried out and the recommendations provided will significantly improve the reliability of large-span structures and require mandatory inclusion in the current practice of calculation and design. In addition, additional requirements for the distance between mine workings for large-span structures should be introduced when performing engineering and geological surveys. This distance should be reduced for a clearer account of the deformability of the foundations for columnar foundations, and the number of workings should be increased.
 The area of practical use of the research results. The cross-section of the glulam arches is selected taking into account additional deformations of the supports, making it possible to avoid unpredictable damage to the structure during operation.
 Innovative technological product. Glulam arches, the cross-section of which is determined taking into account additional deformations from uneven subsidence of the supports
 Scope of application. Glulam arches calculated in this way can be used as covering for public and sports buildings for various purposes.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Environmental change of rainfall erosivity based on GIS system and architectural design of sponge city

With the continuous development of society and the continuous improvement of scientific and technological level, it has greatly promoted the development of many fields. Especially civil engineering, civil engineering plays an important role in the development of China. Civil engineering survey is an indispensable part of civil engineering work. The application of GIS system technology in engineering survey helps to improve the accuracy and efficiency of survey, ensure the orderly development of the project, and improve the construction quality. However, rainfall erosivity reflects the potential ability of rainfall to cause soil erosion. Many scientists use R value of rainfall erosion rate to calculate soil erosion coefficient and draw curve equation. Therefore, it is an important guideline to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of R value, establish simple regression function, quantitative prediction of soil and water loss, and soil and water conservation plan. With the continuous changes of economy and society, the global environment is also changing, which inevitably affects human beings. With the accelerating process of new urbanization, urban planning and architectural design are also deepening. On the one hand, it is necessary to improve the urban living environment and seriously implement the construction of sponge city. On the other hand, the green roof design of urban rainwater drainage and storage must be coordinated with it. The sustainable development of economy and society promotes the strong rise of construction industry. Architectural design is an important part of construction engineering, which can represent the construction standard of construction engineering. Based on the research of GIS system and rainfall erosivity environment change, this paper applies it to the architectural design of sponge City, and then promotes the vigorous development of urban construction.

Discussion on the Application of GPS Technology in Road and Bridge Engineering Survey

Discussion on the Application of GPS Technology in Road and Bridge Engineering Survey

Research on integrated application prospect of railway civil engineering survey and design system based on computer technology

With the continuous improvement and improvement of computer aided design software, engineering designers gradually break away from the paper work of drawing board and draw drawings by computer. These soft wares have strong usability and flexibility. By calling the entity primitive model in the library, the three-dimensional model of the scheme line is constructed in real time, and it is checked and modified in the three-dimensional environment, and different structure types are compared to realize the three-dimensional entity route selection design. It is the trend of the times to integrate and intelligentize from survey design to construction, and it is also the necessary means and demand to enhance the market competitiveness of road and civil engineering survey general contracting projects. The BIM modeling method of existing line structure using advanced survey means needs to be further improved. The main structures of the railway line are modeled based on Civil3D. After assembly and debugging, BIM modeling of various types of railway line structures can be realized.

Pile Foundation Design and Analysis of Teaching Building in A High School

The foundation design should adhere to the principles of adapting measures to local conditions, using local materials, protecting the environment and saving resources. Based on the geotechnical engineering survey data, the design should be carried out by comprehensively considering the factors such as structure type, material situation and construction conditions. The pile foundation design is adopted in this project. includes the determination of pile end bearing layer and pile length, the determination of vertical bearing capacity of single pile, the calculation of pile number and pile layout form, the checking calculation of pile foundation bearing capacity and settlement, the design and checking calculation of pile body structure, the design and checking calculation of pile cap. Until all requirements of the specification are met.

Проблемы инженерно-экологических изысканий: почвенные аспекты

Проведен анализ основных нормативных документов, регулирующих экологический блок инженерных изысканий, в связи с их актуализацией. Изыскания в России в настоящее время проводятся на фоне незавершенного внедрения субстантивно генетической классификации почв и проблем номенклатуры генетических горизонтов. Для обеспечения сопоставления результатов изысканий с ранее полученными материалами предложено характеристику почв давать по разным классификациям: для природных почв ‒ по классификации 1977 г., для преобразованных почв и почвоподобных тел ‒ 2004–2008 гг. Систему индексации генетических горизонтов почв для исследований в составе инженерно-экологических изысканий предложено дополнить индексами, которые отображают особенности преобразованных почв.

Numerical simulation of subgrade soil deformation properties for prediction of earthquake resistance of structures

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to predict the earthquake resistance in strengthening the subgrade soils of structures. Numerical simulation of the total increment of seismic intensity during the artificial transformation and strengthening of subgrade soils based on geomechanical modeling.Research methods: Classical mathematical methods for modeling subgrade soils in a plane nonlinear problem.Originality: A new approach is developed to determine the total increment of seismic intensity using the ratio between the subsidence values of building foundations and structures before and after soil strengthening. The paper presents the prediction results of changes in seismic resistance of real objects, based on engineering and geologi cal surveys and numerical computer models. It is shown that due to the transformation of subgrade soils, the earthquake resistance can be reduced by more than 0.5 points.Practical implication: This technique can be used to adjust the score for individual objects and map the boundaries of seismic zones.

A change model of the hydraulic characteristics of the territory occupied by the landfill of solid industrial and domestic waste

Introduction. A landfill of solid industrial and domestic waste (LSIDW) is a source of negative impact on the environment. Although landfills have coverings, and they are equipped with engineering systems designated for the capturing and treatment of the biogas, LSIDW landfills still have a negative impact on subsurface and surface waters due to the spread of leachate. The purpose of this work is to obtain predictive data on changes in the hydrogeological characteristics of the territory of Salaryevo landfill, and to develop a simulation model to assess the application of technical solutions in the course of the landfill reclamation.
 Materials and methods. Processing Modflow is the software designated for the 3D modeling of filtration and transportation of pollutants. An engineering report based on the engineering and environmental surveys, performed by JSC MosvodokanalNIIproekt in the Salaryevo landfill and its environs in 2017, served as the input data designated for a simulation model.
 Results. Processing Modflow software allowed to consider three options of cutoff walls, tailored to this landfill. The installation of cutoff walls on the east and west sides of the landfill, to be performed with regard for the sorption function of the cutoff walls, is the most effective solution. The results have shown that the cutoff walls, installed to prevent the leachate from seeping, can potentially reduce the area, exposed to the impact, by 500 m.
 Conclusions. It is recommended to install a cutoff wall in the west and a sorption curtain in the east in the course of recultivating Salaryevo landfill; this solution will ensure the containment of the leachate inside the landfill and prevent its spreading.

Research on Practical Application of GPS Technology in Geological Engineering Survey and Mapping

Research on Practical Application of GPS Technology in Geological Engineering Survey and Mapping

Towards the Development of Malaysia’s Subsurface Asset Management Framework

Underground utility detection survey has been practiced in Malaysia for a long time but it was never regulated. While there are guidelines to govern the practice of utility detection survey, an enabling clause is required to regulate the practice. The aim of this paper is to study the available subsurface asset management framework and to propose a framework for subsurface asset management in Malaysia. The methodology to carry out this research shall involve data collections from stakeholders in the form of interviews, questionnaires and discussions. A case study of an underground utility detection survey shall provide data on the process flow a project which involves stakeholders and the authorities. The final input shall be in the form of intellectual discourses with expert committees related to subsurface utility survey and policy makers. From the findings, it was observed that there were significant discrepancies between the engineering and cadastral survey records. While the engineering survey information related to subsurface utility was up to date, the cadastral survey record was never updated. Furthermore, it was observed that the is no enabling clause in existence to govern the management of subsurface assets. The result of this research is a proposed framework for subsurface asset management based on the data collected. In conclusion, it was recommended for the subsurface asset management framework to be tested in the real working environment and to continue with the efforts to realise the framework.

Application of Computer Virtual Reality Technology in Practical Teaching of Construction Engineering Survey

Construction engineering survey is a professional course with strong practicality. In the process of practice teaching, teachers can not always take students to the production site for on-site teaching. In recent years, with the continuous progress of science and technology, computer virtual reality technology has been involved in many fields, which allows users to become a member of the virtual environment to sense and operate various objects in the virtual world and to have real-time interaction, so as to obtain immersive experience and feeling. Therefore, this course especially needs the help of computer virtual reality technology. This paper discusses the application significance of computer virtual reality technology in the practical teaching of the course and further discusses its application in the practical teaching of “Construction engineering survey” on this basis.

Research on Geotechnical Investigation and Construction Technology of Construction Engineering

This article mainly analyzes the technical practice of construction engineering geotechnical survey and construction treatment. This project describes the practical significance of geotechnical engineering survey for construction engineering. It analyzes the surveying techniques commonly used in current geotechnical surveys, such as geological surveys, surveying and mapping, and prospecting. Take a construction project as an example to illustrate the application of engineering geotechnical survey and processing technology. This study can provide reference and reference for construction engineering geotechnical survey work.

Research on Formation Identification Based on Drilling Shock and Vibration Parameters and Energy Principle

In geotechnical engineering and geological survey, the stratum structure and its corresponding physical and mechanical properties are the most concerned. The stratum structure not only affects the safety of the project but also plays a decisive role in the construction method and construction sequence. In this paper, a new type of stratum geological interface recognition system is adopted, and an R-20 rotary drilling rig is used to conduct on-site drilling experiments for a granite site with no ventilation. The research results show that the system can monitor and record the main parameters (axial pressure, drilling rate, rotation speed, flushing fluid pressure, and torque) of the drilling rig during the drilling process. The comparative analysis of monitoring data and on-site survey results shows that different drilling parameters have different sensitivities to changes in the formation structure. According to the prediction accuracy, the ranking from high to low is drilling rate, axial pressure, torque, rotation speed, and flushing fluid pressure. In drilling engineering, by observing the change law of drilling rig parameters, not only can the position of the special rock mass interlayer be predicted, but also the stratum structure and strength can be identified, and the prediction formula is also given. Based on the established drilling specific energy formula, the energy analysis method is used to predict the formation structure and compressive strength, and the corresponding prediction formula is given. The research results show that, compared with the single drilling parameter prediction method, the rock-soil structure and strength identification method based on energy theory has higher prediction accuracy and can meet engineering needs.

Energy method of geophysical logging lithology based on K-means dynamic clustering analysis

Lithology identification is an important part of reservoir evaluation and reservoir description when processing and interpreting geophysical record data. Clustering analysis refers to the analysis process of grouping a collection of physical or abstract objects into several classes composed of similar objects. K-means clustering algorithm is an iterative clustering analysis algorithm. In this paper, seven mechanical property parameters of 49 rock samples are selected as experimental data in an engineering survey, and the geophysical logging method of K-means dynamic clustering analysis is adopted. The rock samples are divided into three categories, and the classification results are matched by mechanical property parameter method. By changing the order of data grouping, the misjudgment rates were 0.021, 0.021 and 0.102, respectively. Therefore, it is feasible and effective to use k-means dynamic clustering analysis to classify lithology. The number of samples decreased to 15, and the misjudgment rate increased to 0.267 The results of K-means dynamic clustering analysis may be different from the actual situation of rock sample data selection.

FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION OF DIGITAL RELIEF MODEL ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF GEODESIC SURVEYING LOCATIONS

Topographic maps in digital and electronic forms are created on the basis of available paper topographic maps or on the basis of primary materials of geodetic surveys. Geodetic surveys are performed both by ground methods, without the use of photogrammetric materials, and on the basis of materials obtained as a result of ground phototheodolite or aerial photography. The construction of a digital terrain model is a multi-stage process, which consists of a significant number of interconnected operations performed at the stage of in-house processing of the results of geodetic measurements carried out during engineering and geodetic surveys. The quality of the final result of modeling depends on the quality of each stage of construction of a digital terrain model, so it is extremely important to pay attention to all technological processes of model construction. The digital relief model is considered as an ordered set of triangular faces constructed by the Delaunay algorithm. The main condition of this type of triangulation is that in the middle of the circle described around any triangle can not be the vertex of another triangle. Construction of a digital terrain model based on the results of geodetic surveying of the area in the general case can be divided into several stages. At the beginning, an automated construction of triangulation is performed on the basis of the results of geodetic measurements, which carry information about three-dimensional coordinates of survey points. Allotments adjust the display of horizontals. Regardless of the selected surface display style, the surface model is a grid of triangles. At the next stage of construction of the digital model of a relief carry out visual control of the created model and if necessary carry out editing of elements of a surface and change of position of edges of triangulation for change of position of horizontals. The last stage of building a digital terrain model based on the results of geodetic surveying of the area is the design of modeling results, the application of individual styles of reflection for individual areas of the surface and the creation of mountain strokes and signatures of horizontals.

Model Analysis of Integration of Geotechnical Engineering Survey, Design and Construction

Model Analysis of Integration of Geotechnical Engineering Survey, Design and Construction

Application of the GPR Method for Engineering and Survey Work in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City

The use of geophysical research methods in engineering and geological surveys qualitatively increases the geological information content of the studied area. The article shows the experience of using the GPR method at various construction sites in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City. All these results are presented on the example of work on objects of different levels of social significance. Thanks to the data obtained, it becomes possible to clarify soil conditions and make the right decisions when designing construction objects, as a result of which engineering surveys become less costly.