Engineering Surveys Research Articles

Safety Evaluation of Subway Tunnel Construction under Extreme Rainfall Weather Conditions Based on Combination Weighting–Set Pair Analysis Model

Regional extreme rainfall events have occurred frequently in China, and subway tunnel construction faces possible threats under extreme weather conditions. Thus, in this study, we used the set pair analysis (SPA) approach to the construction safety evaluation of subway tunnels and developed a construction safety evaluation model under extreme rainfall circumstances. Firstly, based on careful consideration of the complex construction environment of subway tunnels under extreme rainfall weather conditions, a construction safety evaluation system of subway tunnels was developed considering four aspects: rainfall, hydrogeology, construction design, and management. Moreover, the weighting analysis of each index factor was carried out using the improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) method, the entropy weight method (EWM), and the linear weighting method. Secondly, considering the uncertainty of subway tunnels’ construction safety evaluation system and the fuzzy nature of evaluation-level classification, a construction safety evaluation system of subway tunnels based on the multivariate linkage number and set pair analysis theory was established. Finally, we applied the model to a subway tunnel construction case. The results show that the evaluation results are consistent with the actual engineering survey results, which verifies the practicality and effectiveness of the model in evaluating subway tunnel safety. We also determined the primary factors and risk development trends that affect the safety of subway tunnel construction under extreme rainfall weather conditions to guide the safety risk management of subway tunnel construction.

Discussion on the Application of UAV Aerial Survey Technology in Engineering Survey

Discussion on the Application of UAV Aerial Survey Technology in Engineering Survey

Research on the Application of New Surveying and Mapping Technology in Surveying and Mapping Engineering Survey

Research on the Application of New Surveying and Mapping Technology in Surveying and Mapping Engineering Survey

Universidad, revolución y dólares: Dos estudios sobre la Guerra Fría cultural en el Uruguay de los sesenta

Universidad, revolución y dólares: Dos estudios sobre la Guerra Fría cultural en el Uruguay de los sesenta

Cause analysis of pit wall collapses in Kumtor Mine

In 2002 and 2006, pit walls collapsed in Kumtor Mine. The collapse of 2002 was accompanied by negative consequences. The volume of the collapsed rock mass was about 3 Mm3. The height of the collapse was 280 meters, and the width of the collapse at the base was about 270 meters. It took a significant amount of cost and time to resume the work of the open pit. In all cases of pit wall collapses, it is important to perform a cause analysis in order to reduce the risk of re-collapse in the course of further mining. The investigation analyzed data from monitoring of pit wall displacements, structural mapping, rock properties, meteorological and seismic data, groundwater level data, mining sequence prior to collapse, etc. Explanations of eyewitnesses of the collapse were heard. Invited experts from various consulting firms considered various versions of the possible causes and processes that led to the collapse, but so far the final opinion among experts about the reasons for the collapse in 2002 has not been formed. It is believed that the main reason for the collapse was the unfavorable three-dimensional orientation of the fault, which was not identified during the period of engineering and geological surveys. In support of this version, the results of numerical simulations in a 2D formulation were presented. Numerical modeling showed that a similar picture of pit wall collapse is possible in the presence of a gently dipping fault, which cuts the exposed steeply dipping fault. At the same time, the gently dipping fault did not have an outlet to the surface of the wall and extended below the bottom of the open pit. To improve the safety of mining operations, it was decided to clarify the structural-tectonic and geological model of the open pit and update the field observation program by use a laser monitoring system. Thanks to the updated monitoring system, it was possible to avoid the tragic consequences of the collapse of the pit wall in 2006. At the same time, the collapse occurred and it was necessary to analyze the causes of the collapse. The main direction of the analysis of the causes of collapse is the search for structural-tectonic faults, along which the collapse surface was formed. The search for the failure surface, taking into account the exposed surfaces of structural-tectonic faults, indicates that the failure surface is not always formed according to the classical schemes adopted for fractured rock masses. The pit wall collapses that occurred in Kumtor Mine in 2002 and 2006 indicate that the failure surface was formed by several intersecting structural-tectonic faults. The analysis of the causes of pit wall failure should be performed taking into account the three-dimensional orientation of structural faults on the basis of numerical modeling. 3D numerical modeling was carried out in FLAC 3D. The numerical simulation results for the collapse confirmed that the 2006 failure surface was formed from several structural faults. The obtained results allowed the development of recommendations for safe mining operations for 15 years.

ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ОБЪЕКТОВ НА СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ АЭРОФОТОСЪЕМКИ

The agro-industrial complex is one of the most promising and dynamically developing industries, which implies the creation of a single complex for the goal of optimizing cooperation and work of different agricultural directions.
 Information support of rural construction requires implementation of materials related to engineering and geodetic surveys.
 The article presents the results of the analysis of the possibilities of applying aerial survey data for the creation of cartographic materials, which can later be used for solving of various problems, including information support for surveys for construction on rural areas. The requirements for the precision of materials depending on the categories of land and scale of cartographic materials are considered.

INFLUENCE OF UNEQUAL DEPOSITIONS OF SEVERAL ARCH FOUNDATIONS ON THE STRESSED AND DEFORMED CONDITION OF THE WHOLE BUILDING

The need to use large-span structures arises in the design of public and industrial buildings. Glued arches are most often used as load-bearing structures for such buildings. With relatively high strength and low bulk density, plywood construction is economically feasible to use in longspan structures. In addition, glued wood has specialproperties in the operation of structures that are built in seismic areas. Also, it should be noted that the service life of such buildings is much higher than that of traditional metal and reinforced concretestructures. One of the problems of large-span, especially frame, buildings is the uneven subsidence of the supports, which is associated with the heterogeneity of the geological composition of the base (soils) orthe presence of layers of weak soils. This is especially true of such a constructive form as the arch, the change in the stress-strain state of which leads to a radical redistribution of stresses.Given the fact that the soil environment is more heterogeneous, survey data insufficiently describe the actual geological composition of the base of the building site. The biggest problem in the design ofstructures is the presence of lenses of weak soils in the areas of the foundations for load-bearing structures, which were not detected during engineering and geological surveys. The presence of even insignificant layers of weak soils can cause uneven subsidence of supports and changes in the stress-strain state of all structures.As a result of this work, the behavior of a building that partially fell on a layer of weak soils was studied. This is realized by numerical study of the influence of uneven subsidence of several buildingfoundations on the stress-strain state of the wholeframe, which allows to analyze the actual stressstrain state of the building and increase the reliability of the structure as a whole.

Geo-ecological characterization of the Tom flood-plain and terrace above it for construction purposes

The presents engineering and environmental surveys on the environmental components such as soil and vegetation cover, atmospheric air, fauna. These surveys are conducted for the new proposed construction sites locating in the floodplain of the Tom River and the terrace above the floodplain. The purpose of the work is to obtain the necessary amount of base-line data for geo-ecological characterization of the current state of the environment. The engineering and ecological surveys show that the considered sites are suitable for a construction and do not provide geo-ecological, economic and social negative consequences.

Analysis of Application of Surveying and Mapping Technology in Modern Engineering Survey

Analysis of Application of Surveying and Mapping Technology in Modern Engineering Survey

Speed of propagation of a longitudinal refracted seismic wave in the river valley Lena Tuymaade

The values of the velocities of longitudinal refracted waves obtained in 1979–1999 are generalized. by the method of refracted waves during the work of the Yakut trust of engineering and construction surveys in the built-up area of the valley of the river. Lena Tuymaada. A normal probabilistic law for the spatial distribution of velocity values in all lithotypes of Quaternary deposits has been established. In the permafrost zone of the Central Yakut Plain in the Tuymaade valley, the general law of the growth of velocities with depth depending on the growth of volumetric weight has been confirmed. Local variations in the spatial variability of the speed of the refracted wave are due to the combined effect of the main ground-frost factors: salinity, ice content and porosity. The most variable was the speed of the refracted wave in clay facies — loams and sandy loams of lacustrine-marsh deposits. The average velocity with an equal volumetric weight of sedimentary rocks is practically the same in the Tuymaade valley and in the permafrost zone of South Yakutia. Such a regional petrophysical feature creates favorable engineering and geocryological conditions for the application of the refracted wave method in the permafrost zone, both in Central and South Yakutia, to solve one of the important basic engineering geological problems. Namely, determining the depth of occurrence of semi-rocky and rocky bedrocks of sedimentary genesis in the bases of the foundations of engineering structures. The analysis of theoretical variograms of refracted wave velocities showed that the reliability of probabilistic-statistical solutions in recognizing the boundary between the frozen strata of Quaternary deposits and bedrock in the Tuymaade valley is very high and amounts to 99.5 %. With a maximum but small error of 15.5 %, the boundary between the seasonally thawed cultural layer and loamy-sandy lacustrine-marsh deposits is recognized.

Restoration of the bearing capacity of the pile foundation of the bridge to ensure its operational reliability

The article presents a method for restoring the bearing capacity of pile foundations as one of the components of comprehensive monitoring of transport infrastructure facilities. It gives examples of systems for the technical condition monitoring of bridges, and outlines innovative approaches to strength monitoring. Using one of the piers of a railway bridge as an example, the latest technologies of survey and calculation of the pile foundation are applied. The testing laboratory performed work on the survey of the piles structure after completing the pile foundation construction for the bridge piers. The concrete continuity of piles and the presence of void pockets and decompaction in the concrete were to be determined. The bearing capacity of the pile footing was calculated and the design loads were determined. The study provides design models of the pile foundation, external loads, and the method statement. Hydrological conditions corresponded to those referred to in design documentation being part of the report on geological engineering surveys. The analysis of calculations revealed an increase in the sectional strength utilization rate in the “hollow” zone of the pile, taking into account the construction and further operation of the bridge, calling for special measures to strengthen the pile foundation. Then, the measures to restore the bearing capacity of the pile foundation and a brief description of the drill and inject technology are given. Upon completion of the drill and inject operations, the bearing capacity of the pile footing was calculated taking into account the stabilization of the soil mass and the pile strengthening. At the end of the study, the conclusion about the feasibility of the measures taken and on securing the bearing capacity and operational reliability of the bridge foundation piles is made.

Regulatory guillotine and a system of geodetic, cartographic instructions, norms and rules for performing engineering and geodetic surveys in the course of urban planning

The description of the regulatory impact of Part 5 of Article 32 of the Federal Law of December 30, 2015 No. 431-FZ "On Geodesy, Cartography and Spatial Data and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" on the performance of geodetic works in the implementation of urban planning activities. Proposals are presented on the procedure for the development of normative-technical and methodological acts for the production of topographic-geodesic and cartographic works.

Survey of Fabric Simulation

Trends in Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology Survey of Fabric Simulation Xinrong Hu, Chen Yang, Jinxing Liang*, Tao Peng And Jin Huang (Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province for Clothing Information,Wuhan,China) (School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University,Wuhan,China) *Corresponding author:Jinxing Liang, Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province for Clothing Information, Wuhan, China Submission: April 01, 2022; Published: April 20, 2022 DOI: 10.31031/TTEFT.2022.06.000644 ISSN 2578-0271 Volume 6 Issue 4

Application of RTK Technology in Mine Geological Engineering Survey

Application of RTK Technology in Mine Geological Engineering Survey

Exploration of Relationships between Students’ Science Identities and Achievement Emotions in Physics

Many studies have found relationships between students’ achievement emotions and their performance as well as between students’ science identities and their performance. However, little is known about how students’ achievement emotions are related to their science identities. This study explored the relationship between achievement emotions and science identities in an inquiry-based physics class. In order to do so, we adapted the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-Mathematics by replacing all references to mathematics with physics and selected items from the Persistence Research in Science and Engineering (PRiSE) survey. The adapted instruments were implemented with students in an inquiry-based physics class. The results showed that, overall, students’ self-perceptions as science persons were low, especially as chemistry or physics persons. Students also had negative emotions overall about physics. The results showed that students’ anxiety levels were significantly increased in a test-related situation compared to class-related and learning-related situations. In terms of the relationships between their science identity and their achievement emotions, students’ self-identification and their perceptions about their parents/relatives/friends’ views about them as physics persons were significantly related to their achievement emotions in physics. We also found that tests triggered great anxiety for students regardless of their pride in and enjoyment of physics.

Digital Surveying and Mapping Technology and Its Application in Engineering Survey

Digital Surveying and Mapping Technology and Its Application in Engineering Survey

Analysis of Waterway Engineering Survey Based on Digital Mapping

Analysis of Waterway Engineering Survey Based on Digital Mapping

Application Analysis of Digital Surveying and Mapping Technology in Geological Engineering Survey

Application Analysis of Digital Surveying and Mapping Technology in Geological Engineering Survey

Discussion on Key Points and Control Measures of Engineering Survey Technology

Discussion on Key Points and Control Measures of Engineering Survey Technology

Utilising Land Type data for geotechnical investigations

In South Africa, a Land Type Survey (LTSS) has been conducted of the entire country. The information available from the LTSS is readily and inexpensively made available to the public (in the form of maps and accompanying memoirs). This survey includes information on the climate, terrain and soils. The soil information given includes qualitative data (such as pedological classifications, soil profiles and soil types), as well as quantitative physical and chemical properties of representative soils tested. Such information is used primarily for agricultural purposes. This paper proposes an approach for inferring information, of relevance in reconnaissance geotechnical engineering surveys, from Land Type data, to supplement geotechnical investigation data. The proposed procedure was verified using actual information from a geotechnical report. This investigation indicated that general engineering properties can be inferred from qualitative pedological data. In addition, statistically significant engineering properties (including the grading, Atterberg Limits and the USCS and AASHTO classifications) were determined from quantitative pedological data, in 86% of cases, for the soils considered. It is evident from this research that data from the Land Type survey data can be successfully used for geotechnical investigation purposes for certain developments (such as roads and townships) where the depth of interest is relatively shallow.