Electrospinning Setup Research Articles

Design of a Novel Oxygen Therapeutic Using Polymeric Hydrogel Microcapsules Mimicking Red Blood Cells.

The goal of this research was to develop a novel oxygen therapeutic made from a pectin-based hydrogel microcapsule carrier mimicking red blood cells. The study focused on three main criteria for developing the oxygen therapeutic to mimic red blood cells: size (5–10 μm), morphology (biconcave shape), and functionality (encapsulation of oxygen carriers; e.g., hemoglobin (Hb)). The hydrogel carriers were generated via the electrospraying of the pectin-based solution into an oligochitosan crosslinking solution using an electrospinning setup. The pectin-based solution was investigated first to develop the simplest possible formulation for electrospray. Then, Design-Expert® software was used to optimize the production process of the hydrogel microcapsules. The optimal parameters were obtained through the analysis of a total of 17 trials and the microcapsule with the desired morphology and size was successfully prepared under the optimized condition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze the chemistry of the microcapsules. Moreover, the encapsulation of Hb into the microcapsule did not adversely affect the microcapsule preparation process, and the encapsulation efficiency was high (99.99%). The produced hydrogel microcapsule system shows great promise for creating a novel oxygen therapeutic.

Development and characterization of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers modified by cationic surfactant

Polymeric electrospun nanofibers have been gaining notoriety in the same way as their industrial applications, since the manufacturing of this type of material is simple and low-costed. In order to obtain fibrous polymeric material with small diameters and with reduced beads formation, a 24 factorial experiment with triplicate at center point was performed. Cellulose acetate (CA) and cationic cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) surfactant nanofibers were made using a homemade electrospinning apparatus. The assessed inputs were as follows: CA%, CPB%, flow rate, and applied voltage. From the analysis of the response surface methodology and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the optimal concentrations of CA and CPB for producing nanofibers were 21 w/v-% and 0.5 w/v-%, respectively, using a flow rate of 0.7 mL h−1 and applied voltage of 18 kV. Fibers mats morphology shows average diameter of 0.2 μm and 7 nm pore size, as well as it was found that the single fiber unit presented nanoheterogeneity. Mechanical resistance of 2.70 MPa was obtained in the tensile strength test. The modification of CA by the addition of surfactant attributed better thermal and mechanical resistances to the nanofibers without, however, affecting their biodegradability and water resistance properties. The morphological characteristics of the newly obtained CA/CPB nanofibers combined with mechanical resistance provided subsidies to suggest that the as-obtained material presents potential to be applied as an air filter.

Highly efficient transparent air filter prepared by collecting-electrode-free bipolar electrospinning apparatus

Electrospinning technology has been used for a long time. A jet from a needle was formed by applying high voltage, and then the nanofibers are deposited onto a collecting electrode (usually metal) and the excess charge is conducted away to complete the electrospinning. Alternatively, it is also possible to prevent charge accumulation from hindering the progress of electrospinning by means of charge neutralization. A bipolar electrospinning technique (B-EEM) was developed to induce jets with different charges through a set of high-voltage power supplies of opposite polarity, and the two jets neutralize each other on the insulating mesh, thus completing the electrospinning process. There is no need for a collecting electrode to complete the electrospinning process. We have found that the filters produced by the new technology have better filtration efficiency while maintaining the same transparency in relative to the original technology, and this optimization is due to the distribution modification of the nanofibers on the mesh.

Colorful nanofibrous composite membranes by two-nozzle electrospinning

Colorful electrospun nanofibrous composite membranes were fabricated by a two-nozzle electrospinning apparatus. While loading two polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solutions with different primary colors (e.g., yellow and blue), the nanofibrous composite membrane of a secondary color (e.g., green) could also be created. Both fiber diameter and pore size of the membrane measured from SEM images were decreased by the incorporation of dye molecules compared with that of the original, uncolored membrane. The color characteristics of membranes were investigated with a spectrophotometer and were seen to be affected by the composition ratio of dye and PAN molecules as evidenced by the resolution values. The integration between dye and PAN molecules are very robust as verified by the long-term treatment of the colored membrane with water. Thus, the potential applications of the nanofibrous membrane can be envisioned in the fields of art, costume, and decoration.

Effects of Electrospinning on the Viability of Ten Species of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Nanofibers.

Lactic acid bacteria can have beneficial health effects and be used for the treatment of various diseases. However, there remains the challenge of encapsulating probiotics into delivery systems with a high viability and encapsulation efficacy. The electrospinning of bacteria is a novel and little-studied method, and further investigation of its promising potential is needed. Here, the morphology, zeta potential, hydrophobicity, average cell mass, and growth characteristics of nine different species of Lactobacillus and one of Lactococcus are characterized. The electrospinning of polymer solutions containing ~10 log colony forming units (CFU)/mL lactic acid bacteria enabled the successful incorporation of all bacterial species tested, from the smallest (0.74 µm; Lactococcus lactis) to the largest (10.82 µm; Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus), into poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers with an average diameter of ~100 nm. All of these lactobacilli were viable after incorporation into nanofibers, with 0 to 3 log CFU/mg loss in viability, depending on the species. Viability correlated with the hydrophobicity and extreme length of lactic acid bacteria, whereas a horizonal or vertical electrospinning set-up did not have any role. Therefore, electrospinning represents a promising method for the incorporation of lactic acid bacteria into solid delivery systems, while drying the bacterial dispersion at the same time.

A Portable Electrospinner for Nanofiber Synthesis and Its Application for Cosmetic Treatment of Alopecia.

A portable, handheld electrospinning apparatus is designed and constructed using off-the-shelf components and 3D-printed parts. The portable electrospinner is used to generate nanofibers with diameters ranging from 85 to 600 nm; examination of these fibers is achieved with scanning electron microscopy. This portable electrospinner has similar capabilities to standard stationary benchtop electrospinners in terms of the diversity of polymers the device is able to spin into nanofibers and their resulting size and morphology. However, it provides much more ambulatory flexibility, employs current-limiting measures that allow for safer operation and is cost effective. As a demonstration of the device’s unique application space afforded by its portability, the device is applied in direct-to-skin electrospinning to improve the aesthetics of simulated hair loss in a mouse model by electrospinning dyed polyacrylonitrile nanofibers that mimic hair. The superficial nanofiber treatment for thinning hair is able to achieve an improvement in appearance similar to that of a commercially available powder product but outperforms the powder in the nanofiber’s superior adherence to the affected area. The portable electrospinning apparatus overcomes many limitations of immobile benchtop electrospinners and holds promise for applications in consumer end-use scenarios such as the treatment of alopecia via cosmetic hair thickening.

Electrospinning setup analogous to a cone-plate rheometer

We invented a novel electrospinning setup, which is analogous to a cone-plate rheometer in geometry. The setup allows the shearing of the solution in between the cone and the plate the same way the rheometer does, while with a continuous liquid support system the fibers are continuously emitted and collected in radial direction. We concluded that continuous shearing enhances Taylor-cone formation, which combined with the effect of acceleration, results in finer fibers. The average fiber diameter reduced from 227 to 87 nm because of the rotation. The setup opens new doors on a deeper understanding of the relations of the solution rheology and the fiber forming mechanisms.

Tuning the optoelectronic properties of PEDOT:PSS-PVP core–shell electrospun nanofibers by solvent-quantum dot doping and phase inversion

In the present study core–shell PEDOT:PSS-polyvinylpirrolidone nanofibers were synthesized by coaxial electrospinning. These fibers were doped with different solvents (dimethylsulphoxide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and ethylene glycol), and PbS nanoparticles at different concentrations; additionally, the coaxial electrospinning setup process was inverted in order to exchange the phases comprising the core–shell morphology. Experimental results showed that DMSO and IPA solvents produced a change in the PEDOT:PSS phase from its benzoid structure to a more conjugated (quinoid) one. The synthesized samples displayed an increment in the conductance of the composite nanofibers, based on a more conjugated structure of the PEDOT:PSS phase, and a better dispersion of the PbS nanoparticles within the nanofibers; this increment was, under certain synthesis conditions, up to three orders of magnitude higher than in the case of the nanofibers with no solvent, nor nanoparticles, added. Photoresponse also showed a clear increment in the value of the photogenerated current as the concentration of the nanoparticles increased. Inverting the arrangement of the core–shell phases in the nanofibers increased the conductance and the photogenerated current in the cases analyzed. These results show novel evidence on the capability of tuning the conductance and photoresponse of composite core–shell nanofibers, based on the doping of the PEDOT:PSS phase with different solvents and PbS nanoparticles, and the arrangement of the core–shell phases. Tailoring the optoelectronic properties of conductive, flexible nanofibers is a desirable competence in technological areas such as transparent flexible conductors, biosensors and tissue engineering.

Wool-Like Fibrous Nonwoven Mesh with Ethanol-Triggered Transition between Antiwater and Antioil Superwetting States for Immiscible and Emulsified Light Oil-Water Separation.

Superwetting antiwater and antioil textiles are not only very attractive for efficient and cost-effective oil-water separation but also very challenging to be prepared. A well-designed polystyrene wool-like fibrous mesh was fabricated by a controlled electrospinning setup to provide simple and quick reversible ethanol-triggered switching between antiwater and antioil superwetting states in various media such as air, water, and oil. Additionally, it exhibits a long-term stability against acid, alkaline, and salt at high concentrations. Such characteristics will prove unusual capabilities for controllable gravity-driven separation of both immiscible and emulsified oil-water mixtures with a separation efficiency more than 99.0%, as well as a prolonged antifouling property and an excellent recyclability; all will be advantageous for technical applications including oil removing and water removing. Furthermore, light oil-polluted water and water-soluble pollutants can be simultaneously cleaned well by the antioil mesh acting in the water-removing mode.

Uniform field electrospinning for 3D printing of fibrous configurations as strain sensors

Electrospinning is becoming an efficient method to produce fibers in the submicron range, but the bending instability of conventional electrospinning system (CES) brings limitations in the distinctive deposition of electrospun fibers. Herein, we proposed a strategy to update the electrospinning system through establishment of a uniform electric field, realizing 3D printing of electrospun fibers with well-controlled, low-cost, and template-free manners. The uniform field electrospinning (UFES) apparatus is configured by inserting the electrospinning nozzle into the center of an aided metal plate. The electric field simulation of UFES indicates a uniform distribution between the aided metal plate and the collector, while a diverging and weaker electric field is produced by CES. The collector of UFES is mounted on a translation stage, which moves along x and y axes under computer control. The distinctive deposition of electrospun fibers produces fibrous mats with rectangular patterns of different grid sizes, and butterfly and TaiJi figures with high resolutions are directly written by UFES. The layer-by-layer deposition of electrospun fibers under UFES produces microscale Mongolian yurts with distinct hollow structure. Fibrous blocks with an average width of 120 μm and height of 630 μm were printed by UFES from conductive polymer composites and constructed into strain sensors. The electric current strength of fibrous microblocks changes sharply in response to the finger bending and release, indicating the capability to monitor human motions. Thus, this study demonstrates that the UFES becomes an easy-handling strategy for 3D printing of electrospun fibers to create complex geometries.

3D-printed electrospinning setup for the preparation of loratadine nanofibers with enhanced physicochemical properties.

This study investigates the effects of drug-loaded nanofibers on the solubility of the poorly water-soluble drug, loratadine. Amorphous morphologies of electrospun loratadine nanofibers were prepared using a low-cost 3D-printed electrospinning setup with counter-flow air for the rapid production of nanofibers. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a carrier polymer and ethanol as a solvent in the solution preparation. The prepared nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solubility and in vitro dissolution studies with kinetic behavior evaluation. The scanning electron microscope images showed smooth nanofiber surfaces with a mean diameter of 372 nm. Moreover, both differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the amorphous state of the prepared nanofibers. FT-IR results suggested that loratadine lost its original crystal structure by hydrogen bonding interactions. The fabricated nanofibrous drug samples demonstrated a remarkable 26-fold increase in solubility when compared to the pure drug in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. Furthermore, dissolution studies showed that 66% of the drug from the nanofibrous mat was released in the first 10 min, which is significantly higher than the maximum of 4% drug release of the reference samples within the same time. Thus, Loratadine nanofibers can be considered as an alternative dosage form with improved physicochemical properties.

Improved Fiber Uniformity and Jet Number in Multi-spinneret Electrospinning via Auxiliary Electrode

Auxiliary-electrode electrospinning process is a novel technique to improve nanofiber production rate Due to the formation of multiple jets. In the present work, dual-spinneret (DSE) and tri-spinneret electrospinning (TSE) with an auxiliary electrode were employed to evaluate the number of jets and fiber uniformity in this electrospinning process. The results showed that all the spinnerets in DSE and TSE with an auxiliary electrode could produce 2–12 jets, which could be adjusted by controlling the process parameters such as applied voltage and injection speed. The number of jets initially increased and then decreased with a rise in applied voltage in these two systems. Moreover, the produced nanofibers were smaller in size and possessed a more uniform fiber diameter per distribution in comparison to those without the auxiliary electrode. This work provides a new insight on mass production of nanofibers and designing electrospinning apparatus.

Controlling the Composition, Morphology, Porosity, and Surface Chemistry of Lignin-Based Electrospun Carbon Materials

Electrospinning is a suitable top-down technique for the preparation of polymeric fibers using high voltage electrical fields and solutions of the selected polymer of adequate viscosity and conductivity. The versatility of electrospinning allows accurate control of the morphology and composition of the fibers by a wide combination of operating conditions and small modifications of the spinneret and collector. Alcell lignin, which is extracted from lignocellulosic biomass using organic solvents through Organosolv process, is readily solved in ethanol, producing a solution that matches the requirements of the electrospinning process. This review summarizes the vast collection of carbon materials that can be obtained by processing lignin using electrohydrodynamic forces. The coaxial and triaxial electrospinning setups allow for obtaining fibers with two or more components hierchically arranged, the use of these configurations along with a carefully setting of the operating conditions (distance between needle and collector, voltage, flow rate,…) and the solution properties (conductivity, viscosity,…) facilitates the conformation of lignin into spheres, beaded fibers, straight fibers and fused meshes. All these morphologies can be implemented with solid or hollow bodies (i.e. enabling the production of tubes and hollow spheres) by using a sacrificial templating agent. Phosphoric acid can also be added in small amounts to the lignin solution, shortening the thermostabilization time of the fibers. The porosity of the phosphorus containing carbon fibers can be modified in the last stage of the preparation of carbon fibers by controlled gasification process, owing to the extended oxidation resistance of the P-doped fibers. Fibrillar carbon catalysts can be also obtained by one-pot preparation method, only solving small quantities of metallic salts in the lignin solution. In addition, alumina and silica-coated lignin fibers were produced by feeding a partially gelated solution of the respective alkoxide through the outer needle of the spinneret. The coated fibers can be carbonized without thermostabilization step, decreasing considerably the preparation time. All these carbon materials were successfully tested in different applications such as heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage and environmental protection, confirming that electrospinning is a powerful tool for maximizing the value of lignin as carbon precursor.

Hierarchical Architecture of Electrospun Hybrid PAN/Ag‐rGO/Fe3O4 Composite Nanofibrous Mat for Antibacterial Applications

AbstractFabrication procedures are crucial for the design and development of composite nanofibrous materials in order to obtain effective antibacterial properties. In this work, solvent homogenization and blend electrospinning are the methodology followed for the synthesis of filler nanomaterials. Earlier the hydrothermally synthesized filler rGO/Fe nanocomposites (NCs) was incorporated through the hierarchical combination onto the PAN/Ag blend to obtain PAN/Ag‐rGO/Fe3O4 composite polymeric melt. Further the homogenous solution was fed into the electrospinning setup which utilizes the electrostatic forces to form one‐ dimensional (1D) nanofibers and on further deposition leads to the formation of nanofibrous mat. The obtained nanofibrous mat was characterized by various analytical techniques in order to study its innate material properties and behaviour. The quality and composition of the nanofibrous mat along with its nanocomposite counterparts were investigated by XPS and Raman spectroscopic analysis for comparison. Apart from the conventional antibacterial assays that are followed in several studies, the present work also demonstrated the antibacterial efficacy of the nanomaterial through estimation of live/dead bacteria by the flow cytometry method. These quantitative assessments gives information associated with the antibacterial effect of the nanomaterials which will establish the practicality and feasibility for the development of such nano‐fillers functionalized nanofibrous filter for water purification.

Shear-aided annular needleless electrospinning

We briefly introduce a new approach for electrospinning in this paper. The novel high-speed electrospinning setup we invented involves a spinneret consisting of a cylindrical rotor placed within a concentric stator, both having a sharp metal edge. The solution gets out of the spinneret at the annular orifice in between these two edges forming a narrow liquid meniscus from which electrospinning jets are initiated. The setup applies mechanical shearing on the electrospinning solution. As the shear rate is increased (via the rotation speed) the viscosity of the shear-thinning solution decreases leading to enhanced Taylor-cone formation and the initiation of multiple jets. The throughput can be several orders of magnitude higher than that of the single capillary method and seems to be limited mainly by the evaporation rate of the solvent. With the small spinneret we reached 20 ml h−1 throughput for poly(ethyle oxide) solutions. The average fiber diameters decreased from 297 nm to 202 nm by applying shearing within the annulus.

Electrospinning of whey and soy protein mixed with maltodextrin – Influence of protein type and ratio on the production and morphology of fibers

The production of food-grade fibers from maltodextrin with either whey protein isolate or soy protein isolate was evaluated in a needleless electrospinning setup. The ratio of maltodextrin to protein was varied. Higher protein content generally led to a higher electrical conductivity and viscosity. Compared to WPI samples, the use of SPI decreased the surface tension of the spinning dispersions while at the same time increasing the electrical conductivity from 0.39 ± 0.00 mS/cm (WPI 80:5) to 0.64 ± 0.01 mS/cm (SPI 80:5) and the apparent viscosity (γ˙= 100 s−1) from 4.58 ± 0.14 Pa⋅s (WPI 80:5) to 5.14 ± 0.09 Pa⋅s (SPI 80:5). The high viscosity was identified to hinder electrospinning and the maltodextrin-SPI fibers had lower production rates of 0.50 ± 0.25 g/h (SPI 80:5) and higher diameters 4.74 ± 2.33 μm (SPI 80:5) compared to maltodextrin-WPI fibers (0.98 ± 0.13 g/h and 2.85 ± 0.95 μm for WPI 80:5). Removing the insoluble fraction of the SPI and only using the soluble soy protein (SSPI) with maltodextrin for electrospinning resulted in a lower viscosity (4.63 ± 0.05 Pa⋅s for SSPI 80:5) and better spinning results (0.5 g/h ± 0.06). FTIR analysis and protein measurement showed that the resulting fibers consisted of both the maltodextrin and the proteins. The protein content in the fibers was thereby linked to the spinnability and fiber appearance.

Processing parameters for electrospinning poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/titanium isopropoxide composite in a pump-free setup

Background: Electrospinning is a technique for producing nanofibers, useful in many fields of nanotechnology. The size and morphology of the nanofibers obtained depends on the polymer solution properties, the parameters of the equipment and the conditions of the surrounding. In almost all reported electrospinning set ups, a pump ,which regulates the flow of the polymer solution, has been included as one of the requirements. In this study, the effects of solution concentration, viscosity, voltage and the distance from the tip of the syringe to the aluminum collector on the morphology and diameters of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) fibers were investigated, using a pump-free electrospinning set up. Methods: Varied PMMA concentration (50 -120 mg/mL), voltage (10-18 kV) and distance (5 – 18 cm) of electrospinning were studied and the optimum electrospinning conditions identified. PMMA/ titanium isopropoxide solution of ratio 1:2 was prepared, electrospun at optimized conditions (15 kV, 18 cm, Dichloromethane/Dimethylformamide 60:40) and the fibers obtained analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Results: Solutions of PMMA whose concentrations were less than 50 mg/mL, produced beads on fibers, whereas those at ~ 100 mg/mL formed the best bead-free fibers of diameter 350±50 nm. The results showed a direct dependence of fiber diameter on the solution viscosity. Fibers of larger diameters were obtained when the distance from the tip of the syringe to the aluminum collector and voltage were increased but at higher distances (>18 kV) fewer fibers were collected. When the voltage was steadily increased, the fibers broadened and the diameters were non-uniform due to splaying and splitting. Increasing the distance between the pipette-tip and the collector from 10 to 18 cm resulted in reduced electric field which in turn yielded fewer fibers. Conclusions: The results obtained in a pump free set-up were comparable to those eletrospun in the presence of a pump.

Biofabrication of Electrospun Scaffolds for the Regeneration of Tendons and Ligaments.

Tendon and ligament tissue regeneration and replacement are complex since scaffolds need to guarantee an adequate hierarchical structured morphology, and non-linear mechanical properties. Moreover, to guide the cells’ proliferation and tissue re-growth, scaffolds must provide a fibrous texture mimicking the typical of the arrangement of the collagen in the extracellular matrix of these tissues. Among the different techniques to produce scaffolds, electrospinning is one of the most promising, thanks to its ability to produce fibers of nanometric size. This manuscript aims to provide an overview to researchers approaching the field of repair and regeneration of tendons and ligaments. To clarify the general requirements of electrospun scaffolds, the first part of this manuscript presents a general overview concerning tendons’ and ligaments’ structure and mechanical properties. The different types of polymers, blends and particles most frequently used for tendon and ligament tissue engineering are summarized. Furthermore, the focus of the review is on describing the different possible electrospinning setups and processes to obtain different nanofibrous structures, such as mats, bundles, yarns and more complex hierarchical assemblies. Finally, an overview concerning how these technologies are exploited to produce electrospun scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue applications is reported together with the main findings and outcomes.

Biofunctionalization of electrospun poly(caprolactone) fibers with Maillard reaction products for wound dressing applications

Bacterial colonization of open skin wounds can interfere with the healing process, contributing to an increase in the severity of the wound. To overcome such drawback, wound dressings with an improved bactericidal activity have been developed or are currently under development. Herein, poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous membranes functionalized with biosynthesized Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were produced using an electrospinning apparatus and their properties (chemical, morphological, mechanical and biological) analyzed in order to evaluate their suitability for being used as wound dressings. The functionalization of PCL nanofibers with MRPs allowed the production of membranes with the mechanical, wettability and porosity features required for wound exudate absorption as well as nutrients and gas exchange. Furthermore, MRPs-modified PCL membranes were also able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth, without inducing any cytotoxic effect to human fibroblasts. These findings support the potential use of the produced membranes in the healing process.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/potassium sodium niobate (KNN)–based nanofibrous web: A unique nanogenerator for renewable energy harvesting and investigating the role of KNN nanostructures

In the recent era, finding renewable energy sources that are environmentally benign the main focus of scientific community around the globe. There is a plenty of renewable energy sources that are currently being researched such as solar power, thermal energy, wind energy, salinity gradients, and kinetic energy. Polymer‐ceramic–based nanocomposite piezoelectric material is known for quite some time for energy harvesting, but the real challenge lies as it requires very high loading of the ceramic part to obtain the required property and thus almost makes the system nonflexible. Developed material needs to be poled later on to use it as an electric energy generator from ambient mechanical movement. This current study is the first time attempt to produce a simple yet unique lightweight energy harvester using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/potassium sodium niobate (KNN) nanostructures–based nanocomposite flexible fibrous web where the material is in situ poled during its production using an electrospinning setup. At the beginning, various parameters were identified to synthesize and modulate KNN as nanostructural materials having higher aspect ratio, which is intended to provide a unique connection between KNN once these are embedded within the fibrous matrix. The incorporated KNN nanostructure having higher aspect ratio was also found to act as a beta nucleating agent in PVDF matrix and enhances the β‐phase crystal into the resultant fibrous web, which in turn increases the piezoelectric energy‐harvesting capacity manifold as compared with bare PVDF fibrous web. The in situ alignment of the nanostructured KNN (with a minimum loading, 5% only) into the fibrous nanocomposite is another achievement to obtain higher output. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the mixture of α‐ and β‐crystalline phase of pure PVDF, which gets converted into β phase once KNN nanostructures are incorporated inside the nanofibrous web. An output voltage of 1.9 V was obtained from PVDF/KNN nanocomposite–based web, which is significantly higher (38 times) than generated voltage (50 mV) from the pure PVDF nanoweb without any subsequent poling operation.