Utilization Efficiency Of Water Resources Research Articles

Evaporation and Soil Surface Resistance of the Water Storage Pit Irrigation Trees in the Loess Plateau

As an important step for formulating a water-saving agricultural strategy, it is essential to make quantitative calculations for orchard soil evaporation and confirm its inner mechanism, so as to reduce ineffective water consumption and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources. To reveal the effect of water storage pits under water storage pit irrigation conditions in orchard soil evaporation, micro-lysimeters were used to measure the soil evaporation in two different forms (soil surface evaporation and pit wall evaporation) under diverse irrigation systems using water storage pit irrigation in the apple growth period of 2018. To calculate the orchard soil evaporation of water storage pit irrigation, the pit irrigation coefficient was introduced and a model was constructed. To illustrate the inner mechanism of orchard soil evaporation, the soil surface resistance under water storage pit irrigation conditions was analyzed and calculated quantitatively. The results show that: (1) introducing the pit irrigation coefficient can boost the calculation precision of the orchard soil evaporation under water storage pit irrigation conditions; (2) when applying the soil evaporation of the water storage pit irrigation model for calculation of the orchard soil evaporation, R 2 can reach 0.92; and (3) the mechanisms of the two orchard soil evaporation forms under water storage pit irrigation are very different. When soil surface evaporation and pit wall evaporation were calculated by the soil surface resistance of water storage pit irrigation model, R 2 values were 0.95 and 0.96, respectively.

Comprehensive Assessment of Water Footprints and Water Scarcity Pressure for Main Crops in Shandong Province, China

Rapid economic development has posed pressure on water resources, and the potential for a water crisis has become an important obstacle to the sustainable development of society. Water footprint theory and its applications in agriculture provide an important strategic basis for the rational utilization and sustainable development of water resources. Based on the monthly meteorological observations and agricultural data of Shandong Province, CROPWAT 8.0 and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the green, blue and grey water footprints of wheat, maize, cotton and groundnut from 1989 to 2016 were calculated and the spatial variations of water footprints for crops in different rainfall years were analyzed. Additionally, assessment of water stress for agricultural productions was conducted in this study. The results showed that the average water footprints of wheat, maize, cotton and groundnut were 2.02 m3/kg, 1.24 m3/kg, 7.29 m3/kg and 1.75 m3/kg, respectively in Shandong Province. A large amount of the average total water footprint was calculated for wheat (420.59 × 108 m3/yr), maize (222.16 × 108 m3/yr), cotton (72.70 × 108 m3/yr) and groundnut (50.07 × 108 m3/yr). The average total water footprint of the four crops was 765.52 × 108 m3/yr (29.98% blue) and exhibited a gradual decreasing trend over time. Specifically, the total water footprint of wheat was the highest among four main crops in Shandong Province and exhibited a decreasing trend during 1989–2016. The maize was ranked in the second place, and was the only crop still increasing rapidly. The spatial and temporal changes of water footprints for crops were obvious in different rainfall years. Additionally, agricultural productions in most regions were facing the threat of water scarcity. Therefore, the scientific planning of crop planting structures and rational control of sown areas of crops with large water footprints should be implemented in severely water-scarce regions. This study can give some suggestions on the adjustment of planting structure for the sustainable development of agriculture and the realization of efficient utilization of water resources.

The Threshold Effect of Environmental Regulation, FDI Agglomeration, and Water Utilization Efficiency under “Double Control Actions”—An Empirical Test Based on Yangtze River Economic Belt

In this study, the SE-SBM model considering undesirable outputs was used to measure the water utilization efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2016, and the panel threshold model was used to estimate the impact of environmental regulation and foreign direct investment (FDI) agglomeration on water utilization efficiency. The results show that the water utilization efficiency presents a “U”-shaped trend as a whole, declines incrementally along the eastern, central, and western regions of the economic belt, and that the water utilization efficiency of the economic belt first converges and then diverges. In the estimation of the double threshold panel model, when the per capita GDP is lower than 2.635 or greater than 12.058 thousand dollars, the environmental regulation shows a significant positive effect. Otherwise, the environmental regulation barely shows a significant negative effect. FDI has not had a great impact on water resources utilization efficiency, and neither the “pollution aura” nor “pollution shelter” are significant. When the per capita GDP is lower than 2.184 or greater than 12.058 thousand dollars, FDI can significantly improve the water utilization efficiency through environmental regulation. Besides, the positive effects of technological innovation and foreign trade dependence are significant, and so are the negative effects of industrialization. Differentiated environmental regulation policies should be formulated; industrial upgrade should be promoted; innovation of water-saving and emission reduction should be strengthened in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Marketization and water resource utilization efficiency in China

The paper used the Epsilon-Based Measure (EBM) models, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, to measure the water resource utilization efficiency based on provincial panel data from 2008 to 2013 in China. The results show that overall of water resource utilization efficiency has a clear rising trend. Moreover, the results show distinct differences in the water resource utilization efficiency from different provinces in China. The water resource utilization efficiency from the eastern regions is higher than that in other regions. Then this paper used the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) models, the econometric models, to estimate the effect of marketization on the water resource utilization efficiency in China. The regression results show that the marketization has a positive effect on the water resource utilization efficiency in China. Lastly, this paper used the Spatial Error Model (SEM), the spatial econometric models, to estimate the spatial spillover effect of marketization on the water resource utilization efficiency in China. The regression results show that the marketization has a positive spatial spillover effect on the water resource utilization efficiency in China. The economic adjacency matrix was selected to be the spatial weight matrix. In particular, this paper used Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP), the complex network models, to analyze the rationality of spatial weight matrix selection. The results show that selecting the spatial weighting matrix based on economy-spatial distance is reasonable. Therefore, the research finding is that marketization can improve the water resource utilization efficiency.

How agriculture contributes to reviving the endangered ecosystem of Lake Urmia? The case of agricultural systems in northwestern Iran

As the efficient utilization of water resources in the agricultural systems of northwest Iran is an indispensable issue for achieving the conservation of Lake Urmia (LU), this study is intended to examine the determinants of water-saving behavior (WSB), desire and intention to revive LU. The theoretical framework of the study consists of the incorporation of the theory of goal-directed behavior and the theory of capacity building. The data were gathered from a face-to-face farm-level survey of 367 farmers who were selected by the method of stratified random sampling. The first-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) serves to ensure that the acceptable values of internal consistency for research indices are obtained, the respective measures are assessed in the form of the factor loading and Cronbach's alpha (.83≤α≤.98). Using SPSS software, the qualitative data were refined and provided for path analysis, which was performed in AMOS software. The goodness of fit test provides evidence that the proposed model fits with data well. The results disclose that attitude towards water saving has a positive impact on the intention to revive LU and WSB. Furthermore, PBC, the performance of NGOs in executing the water interventions and desire to participate in NGOs influence WSB indirectly via desire and intention to revive LU. In conclusion, management implications are delivered to make practical contributions to the revivification of LU in accordance with research findings.

Analysis of water resources utilization efficiency and water saving potential in Xiong'an New Area under different scenarios

Analysis of water resources utilization efficiency and water saving potential in Xiong'an New Area under different scenarios

Multi-objective hydropower station operation using an improved cuckoo search algorithm

Efficient utilization of water resources in hydropower station operation is an important part of mitigating water and energy scarcity. Exploring efficient multi-objective optimization algorithms and studying the trade-off between water and energy have become the primary goal of multi-objective hydropower station optimal operation (MOHSOO). In this paper, a new improved multi-objective cuckoo search (IMOCS) algorithm is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of MOCS. Specifically, a population initialization strategy based on constraint transformation and the individual constraints and group constraints technique (ICGC) and a dynamic adaptive probability (DAP) are used to improve the search efficiency and the quality of solutions, respectively. A flock search strategy (FSS) is proposed to greatly speed up the convergence and improve the quality of the non-dominated solutions. In addition, the MOCS and NSGA-II are presented as a comparison to test the performance of IMOCS as well as three hybrids of MOCS combined with these strategies. An MOHSOO model of Xiaolangdi and Xixiayuan cascade hydropower stations in the lower Yellow River is built to verify the effectiveness of these algorithms together with five benchmark problems. The results show that IMOCS performs better than other algorithms in convergence speed, convergence property, and diversity of solutions. For the Xiaolangdi hydropower station, there is a strong competitive relationship between power generation and water supply from September to next February, which severely restricts the power generation of the hydropower station.

Integrating mitigation measures for karst rocky desertification land in the Southwest mountains of China

Karst rocky desertification is a unique landscape phenomenon that causes land degradation. Scientists throughout the world are continuously exploring methods for its management. In the southwest mountain areas in China, karst rocky desertification restricts sustainable ecological and economic development, prompting government and academia to focus on environmental mitigation and elimination of poverty in the area. We performed an in-depth analysis of past mitigation models and techniques in the karst area, considering the low utilization efficiency of surface water resources. On the basis of the hydrogeological features of karst and its development, we propose the following technologies for the efficient use of karst surface water resources: on dolomite slopes, surface runoff was collected from gulley confluences, rainwater was collected from road surfaces, and surface springs were diverted into sunken cisterns. In areas with mixed limestone and dolomite, a pavement rainwater catchment facility can be constructed. The development and utilization of surface water resources in karst mountainous areas should be based on their unique hydrogeological structures, and the appropriate technology or model should be selected. We then undertook a study of comprehensive rocky desertification control technology, which considered the low land productivity in rocky desertification areas. A technical model of rocky desertification mitigation was also formulated. In this model, ecological and industrial benefits improve the technologies and the economy in karst areas. Overall, this study aims to provide research-driven technological solutions to address ecological deterioration, poverty, and economic challenges caused by rocky desertification in mountainous karst areas.

Improved grey prediction method for optimal allocation of water resources: a case study in Beijing in China

Abstract Water shortages and the deterioration of water quality in the natural environment have a negative effect on social development of many countries. Therefore, optimizing the allocation of water resources has become an important research topic in water resources planning and management. An essential step in improving the utilization efficiency of water resources is the prediction of water supply and demand. Because it has a great number of merits, the grey prediction method has been widely used in population prediction and temperature prediction. However, it also has limitations such as low prediction precision since original data seriously fluctuates. This paper aims to handle the sample values by an innovative method utilizing moving-average technique (MA) model and optimizing the background values to make them more typical. Results proved that the prediction accuracy of the traditional model was effectively improved by the proposed method. The proposed model was then applied in the multi-objective planning to establish an optimal water resources allocation model for Beijing in the short-term (2020) planning timeframe, including local water resources, transfer water volumes, and other water supplies. The results indicated that industrial and agricultural water use could be well met, while domestic and environmental water resources may face a shortage.

Credibility theory based panoramic fuzzy risk analysis of hydropower station operation near the boundary

Short-term power generation operation is an important content in the hydropower station management. Because of the limitation of forecast accuracy, there is error between the forecasted runoff process and actual runoff process. When the hydropower station operation is near the water level boundaries, such as normal water level or dead water level, this error is likely to bring the risk of water abandoning or output shortage. In order to precisely evaluate the near-boundary operation risk of hydropower station caused by runoff forecasting error, a novel panoramic fuzzy risk analysis model was proposed in this paper by taking the forecasting error as a fuzzy variable. The coupling of hydrological forecasting error and the short-term operation risk of hydropower station based on credibility theory was realized, and the solving process of the model based on fuzzy simulation technology was provided in detail. Different near-boundary operation risks of hydropower station can be analyzed and evaluated by the simulation with different water level combinations in this model. The high-risk area and suggested operation area of Jinxi hydropower station in different near-boundary operation situations were clearly identified in the case study. The intuitive results of this model can provide a strong technical support for the decision-making of the dispatchers when making the power generation plans in the actual production, so that to avoid the occurrence of water abandoning or output shortage of hydropower station, and effectively improve the efficiency of water resources utilization.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resource Security: Case Study from Luoyang City, China

The security of water resources is the core content and ultimate goal of urban water resource management agencies. The management of water resources is directly related to the needs of urban residents’ lives and the area’s socio-economic development. How to determine the effective evaluation indicators and methods is an important prerequisite to solving the water resource security problem. This study took Luoyang City as the research area and constructed a water resource security evaluation index system based on pressure-state-response framework. An analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method were used to determine the index weight. A set pair analysis model was then introduced to evaluate the security of water resources in Luoyang from 2006 to 2016. The results of this study show that the standard of water resource security generally improved in Luoyang in the latter years of the study period. From 2006 to 2008, Luoyang was graded at the Insecurity Level. This compares to a slightly improved grading of Critical Security Level from 2009 to 2016 (except for 2013). However, the overall grade is still low. The pressure on the Luoyang water resource system mainly comes from the development of the urban socio-economy, which in turn has caused problems for both the quantity and quality of water resources. Therefore, a series of countermeasures have been introduced as a means of improving the water resource security of Luoyang, and these measures have achieved certain results. However, further improvements to the efficiency of water resource utilization and strengthening the management and protection of water resources remain necessary.

Solar–hydro hybrid power station as a way to smooth power output and increase water retention

There is environmental, societal and also economic pressure to increase the share of renewable energy sources in covering energy demand. However, the stochastic and non-dispatchable nature of the two main such sources (photovoltaics and wind generation) complicates their integration into the power system. The operation mode of the run-of-river power plant with pondage that is considered here has potential to smooth electricity generation from photovoltaics, whilst also maintaining the hydropower capacity factor and increasing water retention – an important aspect when a decision-maker has to make a trade-off between power generation and, for example, irrigation. This paper presents the theoretical background to our research, introduces a discrete mathematical simulation and optimization model and provides a detailed analysis of the obtained results and the operation of the entire system. We also highlight the impact on the capacity factor of hydropower as well as addressing the potential need to install more than one water turbine to ensure greater flexibility of hydropower and efficient utilization of water resources. The optimization results of the analyzed case study show that for an observed average flow rate of 1.3 m3/s and annual irradiation of 1050 kWh/m2 a 176-kW water turbine and pondage capacity of 1.36 MWh is sufficient to smooth the power generation of a 687-kW PV installation while also satisfying constraints imposed on reliability and performance.

The Dynamic Changes in the Storage of the Danjiangkou Reservoir and the Influence of the South-North Water Transfer Project

Danjiangkou Reservoir is water source of Middle Route Project of the South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) Project, research on the dynamic changes in the water storage within the Danjiangkou Reservoir constitutes an important guide for reservoir water volume management practices. A practical method for estimating the water storage and its dynamics was proposed in this study based on inundated areas from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations between 2000 and 2016. The results show that the mean Danjiangkou Reservoir water storage was 10.548 billion m3 year−1. Significant seasonal changes (ρ < 0.01 in t-test) were observed with annual minima (~9.610 billion m3) occurring between February to July and annual maxima (~11.514 billion m3) occurring from August to the following January. Based on the monthly changes in the probability of the water supply, the guaranteed rate of water supply in the second half year (July–December) was higher than that during the first half year (January–June). The water supply in May was greatly deficient. In addition, the full guaranteed rate of the water supply over the past 17 years only accounted for 17.6%. Therefore, reservoir management practices should reduce the water released prior to May and reserve enough water according to the demands of water receiving areas to improve the efficiency of water resource utilization.

Spatial differences and influencing factors of regional agricultural water use efficiency in Heilongjiang Province, China

Abstract Improving the water use efficiency in agriculture is an important way to solve the problem of water shortage in agricultural areas and to improve the efficiency of water resource utilization. An evaluation indicator system of regional agricultural water use efficiency was constructed using data from 13 cities in Heilongjiang Province from 2013 to 2015. In addition, the comprehensive ranking of agricultural water use efficiency in each year was obtained by using an iterative combination method to correct the evaluation of individual models, including the analytic hierarchy process), matter element model and projection pursuit model (PPM). The results showed that the agricultural water use efficiency in Heilongjiang Province exhibited some regional differences in the 3 years evaluated spatially. And then, factors that influenced agricultural water use efficiency were analysed according to various criteria, and the rankings of cities and strategies were proposed to improve the agricultural water use efficiency according to this analysis. The results of the present study will have important theoretical and practical significance for guiding the scientific and rational formulation of agricultural water use strategies and improving the efficiency of agricultural water use in Heilongjiang Province.

International Comparison of Water Resources Utilization Efficiency in the Silk Road Economic Belt

In order to get knowledge of the standard of water utilization of the Silk Road Economic Belt from international point of view, the paper analyzes the annual variation of water resources utilization in the Silk Road Economic Belt, and compares with other typical countries. The study shows that Water resources utilization efficiency has been greatly improved in recent 20 years and the water consumption per USD 10000 of GDP has been declined 87.97%. the improvement of industrial water consumption efficiency is the key driving factors for substantial decrease in water consumption.The comparison of water utilization and human development shows that the higher HDI the country is, the more efficient water utilization the country has. water consumption per USD 10000 of GDP in country with HDI>0.9 is 194m³, being 8.5% of that in country with HDI from 0.5 to 0.6. On the premise of maintaining the stable economic and social development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, the realization of the control target of total water consumption must depend on the strict control over the disorderly expansion of irrigated area, the change in the mode of economic growth, the implementation of the development strategy for new industrialization and urbanization, vigorous development of the processing industry with low water consumption as well as the high-tech and high value-added industry. Only in this way, the control target of total water consumption can be realized in the process of completing the industrialization task.

Water resources utilization efficiency and influence factors under environmental restrictions

Abstract This paper measured province-level water resource efficiencies in China from both static and dynamic perspectives, applying the undesirable-output-based Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index to panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2015. Then, the paper analyzed factors that affect water resource efficiency by using a panel Tobit model. Research results showed significant lack of water resource efficiency with notable differences among provinces; water resource efficiency was somehow related to the level of economic development. Technical improvement was an important factor in water resource efficiency. The level of economic development had a non-linear influence on water resource efficiency. Industrial structure upgrading and population expansion could significantly improve water resource efficiency while the effects of water supply and per capita educational level were insignificant.

山东省终端农业水价改革试验研究

山东省以推行终端农业水价制度为目标，进行了一系列的水价改革试验，改革试验在实验区内促进了农业节约用水和水资源利用效率的提高，同时存在试验水价依然偏低、用水计量不准确、水费收取不科学、差别水价制度应用面窄等问题。建议适当提升试验水价、完善计量设施、采取用水者协会制度管理水费、定额管理农业用水超定额加价收费等。 Taking promoting terminal agricultural water price system as a primary objective, a set of water price reform experiments was performed in Shandong Province. Reform experiments have en-hanced water saving in tested areas, as well as improved the efficiency of water resource utilization. However, there are still few remaining issues, to be more specific, water price remains relatively low; the amount of water utilized is not accurately calculated; water price charge is not scientifically formulated, and application of discriminatory water price is rather limited. Suggestions are put forward including raise water price moderately, perfect measuring facilities, employ water user association system for water price management, and set up agricultural water use quota so as to charge extra price for usage exceeds the quota, and so on.

Study on utilization efficiency of water resources in Shijiazhuang City

Study on utilization efficiency of water resources in Shijiazhuang City

基于人水关系的京津冀城市群水资源安全格局评价

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于人水关系的京津冀城市群水资源安全格局评价 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201802260387 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重大项目（41590844）；国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0503006）；中国科学院特色研究所培育建设服务项目（TSYJS02） Evaluation of water resource security patterns in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration based on human-water relationships Author: Affiliation: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:京津冀城市群是我国乃至全世界人类活动对水循环扰动强度最大的地区之一，水资源过度开发利用不仅严重影响生态环境安全，而且制约着经济社会的可持续发展。基于人水关系协调视角，从水资源本底条件、水资源开发利用程度、水资源开发利用效率等3个方面建立了水资源安全综合评价指标体系，并根据国内外发展经验和相关标准确定了评价标准阈值，使得评价结果在不同的时空尺度上均具有可比性。然后通过熵技术支持下的层次分析法和多目标模糊隶属度函数，对2000-2014年京津冀城市群水资源安全的时空格局进行了定量评价。结果表明：①整个京津冀城市群的水资源安全指数多在0.2-0.4之间，属于不安全类型，但总体向临界安全类型转变；②各城市的水资源安全指数在时空尺度上表现出较大差异，总体表现为南低北高且随着时间的推移普遍提高的格局；③整个京津冀城市群及各城市水资源安全指数的次级指标在时空尺度上也表现出一定的差异性和地域一致性，它们交互作用，最终综合决定着水资源安全指数的时空变化。 Abstract:The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is one of the most water-deficient regions in China and globally owing to intense human activities. Overexploitation of water resources has greatly affected the eco-environmental security, and restricted the sustainable development of the socio-economic system. Regarding the coordinated development of human-water relationships, a comprehensive evaluation index system for water resources security was constructed, which was composed of three criterion layers, i.e., natural endowment of water resources, exploitation and utilization degree of water resources, and exploitation and utilization efficiency of water resources. The thresholds and grading standards for each specific indicator and their integrated indexes were set according to the experience of developed countries and regions, so that the evaluation results could be compared spatially and temporally. Subsequently, we used an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model reformed by entropy technology to calculate their weights, and establish a multi-objective fuzzy membership function to calculate the normalized values. We used the statistical data of 13 urban regions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration during 2000-2014 to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of water resources security. The results showed that: (1) for the whole region of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, most of the water resources security indexes were between 0.2 and 0.4, which were regarded as unsafe type during the period. However, they tended to become larger and the security type became critically safe; (2) various cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration had different water resources security indexes. Generally, they were smaller in the South and larger in the North; most became larger during the period; (3) the integrated indexes of the three criterion layers also had a high degree of regional consistency and disparity. They interacted with each other spatially and temporally, and impacted the spatiotemporal pattern of water resources security in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Response of Grassland Degradation to Drought at Different Time-Scales in Qinghai Province: Spatio-Temporal Characteristics, Correlation, and Implications

Grassland, as the primary vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has been increasingly influenced by water availability due to climate change in last decades. Therefore, identifying the evolution of drought becomes crucial to the efficient management of grassland. However, it is not yet well understood as to the quantitative relationship between vegetation variations and drought at different time scales. Taking Qinghai Province as a case, the effects of meteorological drought on vegetation were investigated. Multi-scale Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) considering evapotranspiration variables was used to indicate drought, and time series Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to indicate the vegetation response. The results showed that SPEI values at different time scales reflected a complex dry and wet variation in this region. On a seasonal scale, more droughts occurred in summer and autumn. In general, the NDVI presented a rising trend in the east and southwest part and a decreasing trend in the northwest part of Qinghai Province from 1998 to 2012. Hurst indexes of NDVI revealed that 69.2% of the total vegetation was positively persistent (64.1% of persistent improvement and 5.1% of persistent degradation). Significant correlations were found for most of the SPEI values and the one year lagged NDVI, indicating vegetation made a time-lag response to drought. In addition, one month lagged NDVI made an obvious response to SPEI values at annual and biennial scales. Further analysis showed that all multiscale SPEI values have positive relationships with the NDVI trend and corresponding grassland degradation. The study highlighted the response of vegetation to meteorological drought at different time scales, which is available to predict vegetation change and further help to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in the study region.