Utilization Efficiency Of Water Resources Research Articles

Effect of irrigation methods on root growth, root-shoot ratio and yield components of cotton by regulating the growth redundancy of root and shoot

Mulched drip irrigation is a common water-saving irrigation technology that can improve water resource utilization efficiency in arid areas. The change of irrigation method affects the growth of crop root system and then regulates the growth of aboveground organs. However, there have been limited comparative studies on how mulched drip irrigation affects the cotton root growth and regulates the relationship between cotton root and shoot. The objective of this study was to determine whether mulched drip irrigation could achieve water-saving and high-yield cotton cultivation by regulating the growth redundancy of root and shoot. Under field conditions, mulched drip irrigation (conventional drip irrigation and excessive drip irrigation) and traditional flood irrigation (conventional flood irrigation and reduced flood irrigation) were used in this experiment. Traditional flood irrigation was used as the control group. The results showed that compared with the traditional flood irrigation, the higher soil water content under mulched drip irrigation increased the specific root length (SRL), which promoted the growth of fine root length and biomass at the full flowering stage and prophase full boll stage. The growth of fine roots increased the root-shoot ratio (R/S) of mulched drip irrigation, and then inhibited the excessive vegetative growth of the aboveground parts. When entering the late full boll stage and boll opening stage, the fine root biomass and fine root mass fraction decreased rapidly under the mulched drip irrigation, resulting in a lower R/S. The smaller R/S of mulched drip irrigation facilitated the distribution of photosynthetic products to reproductive organs, which increased the boll number per plant by 7.30 %–25.10 %, thus increasing the boll loading of fine root system and seed cotton yield. However, compared with conventional drip irrigation, over irrigation led to excessive vegetative growth of cotton under excessive drip irrigation, which resulted in the decrease of boll opening rate and seed cotton yield by 8.71 %–17.19 % and 14.14 %–24.27 %, respectively. Moreover, the smaller R/S at the late growth stage enabled conventional drip irrigation to achieve the maximum water use efficiency (WUE). Therefore, mulched drip irrigation promoted the root growth of cotton and inhibited the vigorous vegetative growth of shoot before the prophase full boll stage, and then reduced the growth redundancy of root and increased the productive capacity of the fine root system after the prophase full boll stage, which increased boll number per plant and yield. However, only under the appropriate irrigation amount (390 mm), mulched drip irrigation can increase both yield and WUE, thus achieving the goal of water-saving and high-yield cultivation.

Rain gauge improvement and the comprehensive effect of hydrological calculation on water resources protection

Water is the basis of human survival. With the rapid development of the society and economy in China in the new era, people have been concerned about the efficiency of water resources utilization. Hydrological calculation dose good to water conservation and predict future circumstance of using water such as droughts or floods in agriculture, industry, and daily life. The water resources protection mentioned in this paper involves rainfall and water consumption, water quality, satisfaction with water supply time of residential water, water waste and pollution and so on. Water quantity forecasting, water quality pollution and treatment include various factors and multiple aspects. The existing natural rainfall method of hydrological stations is to use artificial or computer to read the rainfall scale on the rainwater bottle, and measure the rainfall depth within the specified time period. This method serves as the basis for subsequent hydrological calculations and provides a guarantee for further prediction of water quantity calculation.

Attaining Sustainable Water Resource Utilization in Lake Basins Using Progressive Operational Scenario Analysis

There is a severe conflict between water resource exploitation and protection of the aquatic environment of lakes with rapid urbanization. Sustainable water resource utilization is urgent for sustainable development. The present study introduced a progressive operational scenario analysis (POSA) method for water resource regulation in lake basins. The application processes of POSA in Dianchi Lake, Erhai Lake and Fuxian Lake were described in detail. The effectiveness of the POSA method and scenario analysis method in achieving sustainable water resource utilization were compared and analysed, and the improvement in the efficiency of water resource utilization in lake basins due to the two methods was discussed. The results showed that implementation of POSA can effectively achieve sustainable water resource utilization in Dianchi Lake, Erhai Lake and Fuxian Lake and reduce the aquatic environmental pressure. Compared with business-as-usual, this method reduced the water use efficiency indicators of Dianchi Lake, Erhai Lake and Fuxian Lake by 2%–8%, 1%–25% and 8%–35%, respectively, and the water environmental pressure in Dianchi Lake, Erhai Lake and Fuxian Lake decreased by 28.51%, 29.70% and 69.39%, respectively. POSA has been proven to be an excellent tool for managing the aquatic environments and regulating water resources in lake basins.

Water-Saving Scenarios Based on Input–Output Analysis and Virtual Water Concept: A Case in Iran

The strong desire for achieving self-sufficiency in developing and mostly water-scarce regions has endangered socioeconomic and environmental sustainability. South Khorasan is particularly exposed to such insecurities, largely due to its limited water resource endowments and its comparatively intensive agriculture. In this paper, we apply the water footprint accounting method (WFA) along with a regional input–output (IO) model to analyze the efficiency of the total (direct + indirect) water consumption in different economic sectors and water footprint of the region in 2011. Results show that agriculture is responsible for more than 95% of water consumption in the area, while it accounts for just 27% of value-added. Additionally, this sector has the largest contribution to water footprint composition (92%) when compared to other sectors. Three water-saving scenarios are simulated by the use of IO economic model and water footprint accounting method. Applying the proper cropping pattern has the greatest impact on water conservation with 348.46 Mm3 per year. A 10% increase in water productivity contributes nearly twice as much as reducing the exports and increasing the imports of agricultural crops by 10% in saving water with 115.23 and 65.49 Mm3, respectively. The most significant contribution in each water-saving strategy comes from the agriculture sector since it has the largest direct and indirect water-use coefficient. The results of this study can help local policymakers take appropriate measures to improve the efficiency of water resource utilization, taking into consideration social, economic, and environmental sustainability.

基于数据包络分析方法的城市水资源利用效率研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于数据包络分析方法的城市水资源利用效率研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201903020385 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中国科学院前沿项目（QYZDY-SSW-DQC004）；北京市科技计划项目（Z171100004417025）；广东省省级科技计划项目（2016B02024007） Efficiency assessment of water resource utilization cities based on data envelopment analysis Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: Frontier Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSW-DQC004); Beijing Science and Technology Plan Project (Z171100004417025); Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project (2016B02024007) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为了对我国城市水资源利用效率问题进行分析和评价，本文基于数据包络分析方法，从农业、工业、生活、社会等几个方面共选取了5个输入指标及6个输出指标，利用AIC信息准则（Akaike information criterion）进行了变量选择，构建了较为科学合理的用水效率评价指标体系.在此基础上，采用香农熵指数提升了传统CCR（由Charnes A，Cooper W W，Rhodes E提出）模型的识别能力，选取我国31个省会城市为研究对象，给出了省会城市水资源效率的完整排名。结果表明：①绝大部分城市综合效率得分（CES，Comprehensive efficiency score）普遍不高，投入产出比仍有较大的进步空间；②拉萨、北京、天津、银川、海口、上海等城市CES得分相对较高，这说明一个城市水资源利用效率的高低与经济发展水平可能没有必然的联系，其他城市应结合自身情况向CES得分靠前的城市进行学习；③重庆、南宁、南昌、长沙等水资源较丰富的城市CES得分反而较低，表明这些城市可能存在大量水资源被浪费，应建立起节水机制，同时优化产业结构。 Abstract:Improving efficiency of water resources utilization is the key to alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand while achieving sustainable economic and social development. In order to analyze and evaluate the water consumption efficiency of the provincial capital cities in China, this paper selected five input indicators and six output indicators from agriculture, industry, life and society based on data envelopment analysis method. Then we used Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) for variable selection and constructed a scientific and rational water-use efficiency indicator system. On this basis, the Shannon Entropy Index is used to enhance the recognition ability of the traditional CCR model, and the complete ranking of water resources efficiency in the provincial capitals is given. The results show that (1) the comprehensive efficiency scores (CES) of most cities are not high. Their input-output ratio still has a lot of room for improvement. (2) The scores of CES in Lasa, Beijing, Tianjin, Yinchuan, Haikou, Shanghai etc. are relatively high, which indicate that there may be no necessary connection between the level of water use efficiency of a city and the level of economic development. At the same time, other cities should combine their own conditions to learn from cities with higher scores in CES. (3) Cities such as Chongqing, Nanning, Nanchang, and Changsha are rich in water resources, but the CES is not ideal. This shows that a large amount of water resources may be wasted and these cities should optimize their industrial structures while establishing a water-saving mechanism. In addition, due to the lack of variable selection system in most literatures and the inadequacy of traditional models in the ability of efficiency identification, this paper innovatively combined the AIC variable selection method, data envelopment analysis method, and Shannon Entropy Index method. The combination of the three methods can achieve the advantages and disadvantages of complementarity, not only fully consider a large number of input and output variables, make the analysis closer to reality, the variable indicator system obtained by the AIC criterion also perfectly conforms to the meaning of actual water resource utilization efficiency. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Land use/cover and landscape pattern changes in Manas River Basin based on remote sensing

Large-scale water and soil development in inland river basins in arid areas has made changes in landscape composition and structure, threatening the ecological balance. In order to study the trend of land use/cover and landscape pattern change and its relationship with water resources utilization in Manas River Basin, the land-use data of five periods in 1976, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015 were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) During 1976-2015, farmland and construction land continuously increased, forest land and grassland continuously decreased, the water area initially reduced and then increased, the area of saline-alkali land initially increased and then reduced, the overall trend of unused land and the sandy area was decreasing and the area of different time periods is floating. The areas of land-use types either increased or decreased. This indicates that the landscape pattern of the basin changes dramatically, and human activities are the main reasons for this phenomenon; (2) The oasis area increased from 3480.2 km2 in 1976 to 7982.0 km2 in 2015, with an obvious increasing trend. The oasis area clearly increased during 1976-1990, the growth rate was 40.6%, the growth rate of the oasis area was 129.4%. In the last 40 years, the degree of desertification fluctuated and decreased. The increase of the oasis area directly leads to the increase of water resources utilization and aggravates the degree of water resources shortage; (3) The pattern of land-use types showed a non-equilibrium trend. In the region with increasing landscape heterogeneity, the overall landscape pattern was increasingly controlled by the majority of patches. The intensive land management model and drip irrigation under mulch have improved the utilization efficiency of water resources and saved water resources from engineering renovation and irrigation management. Keywords: arid area, Manas River Basin, land use/cover change, landscape pattern, remote sensing, driving force DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201305.4783 Citation: Li X L, He X L, Yang G, Liu H G, Long A H, Chen F L, et al. Land use/cover and landscape pattern changes in Manas River Basin based on remote sensing. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(5): 141–152.

Research on the Dynamic Relationship between China’s Technological Innovation, High-quality Economic Growth and Water Resource Utilization Efficiency

Research on the Dynamic Relationship between China’s Technological Innovation, High-quality Economic Growth and Water Resource Utilization Efficiency

Generalized Index of Regional Socio-economic Consumption Level of Water Resource

Abstract Traditional indicators of water resource utilization degree and efficiency cannot show the stressed relationship between the level of water resource utilization and economic development level in a region. Therefore, this manuscript proposes a generalized index of socio-economic consumption level of water resources. The definition of the index is the ratio of water consumption change for GDP growth per unit, and the potential of water resources exploitation and utilization. The theoretical curve of this index has a rise period, a high value period, and a decline period, which correspond to the take-off period, bottleneck period and maturity period of the regional economic development, respectively. This index can help us find the turning point of water resources restricting economy. The indexes of each year are calculated respectively from 1994 to 2010 of Beijing and Hebei province of China as example. The result shows that both two provinces are in the transitional period from high value period to the decline period. This example shows the universality of Generalized Index of Regional Socio-economic Consumption Level of Water Resources. Setting a target Generalized Index of Regional Socio-economic Consumption Level of Water Resources is consistent with the sustainable development level of regional economy which could promote both regional economic development and water resources protection.

Evaluating and mapping water supply and demand for sustainable urban ecosystem management in Shenzhen, China

Abstract Rapid urbanization has resulted in a shortage of regional water resources, causing an imbalance for water resources. With the implementation of ecological policies, regional water management has been developed. However, the relationship between supply and demand of water resources and spatial distribution remains unclear under current policies, which lead to a lag in decision making and irrationality in decision makers. Shenzhen, a highly urbanized city, was used as an example to discuss the balance of urban water resources and its driving force. Furthermore, practical guidance for ecosystem management is discussed. Results revealed that the supply and demand of water in Shenzhen were imbalanced in spatial distribution. The demand for water resources was greater than the supply at an urban scale, and the unsatisfied demand of basins accounted for 81.1% of the total area. The underlying factors that greatly affected water supply were construction land, forests, water bodies, and farmland. The population density, per capita green area, and industrial areas increased the demand for water resources. Ecological water and domestic water demand will become the main water demand. The government should actively explore and practice the mechanism of water resources development and protection, prioritize water conservation, improve the efficiency of water resource utilization and construct water-saving lifestyles. Additionally, discussion on the landscape greening configuration to reduce the ecological water demand is recommended.

Evaluation of regional water resources carrying capacity based on binary index method and reduction index method

Based on the regional water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) evaluation principles and evaluation index system in the National Technical Outline of Water Resources Carrying Capacity Monitoring and Early Warning (hereafter referred to as the Technical Outline), this paper elaborates on the collection and sorting of the basic data of water resources conditions, water resources development and utilization status, social and economic development in basins, analysis and examination of integrity, consistency, normativeness, and rationality of the basic data, and the necessity of WRCC evaluation. This paper also describes the technique of evaluating the WRCC in prefecture-level cities and city-level administrative divisions in the District of the Taihu Lake Basin, which is composed of the Taihu Lake Basin and the Southeastern River Basin. The evaluation process combines the binary index evaluation method and reduction index evaluation method. The former, recommended by the Technical Outline, uses the total water use and the amount of exploited groundwater as evaluation indices, showing stronger operability, while the latter is developed by simplifying and optimizing the comprehensive index system with greater systematicness and completeness. The mutual validation and adjustment of the results of the above-mentioned two evaluation methods indicate that the WRCC of the District of the Taihu Lake Basin is overloaded in general because some prefecture-level cities and city-level administrative divisions in the Taihu Lake Basin and the Southeastern River Basin are in a severely overloaded state. In order to explain this conclusion, this paper analyzes the causes of WRCC overloading from the aspects of basin water environment, water resources development and utilization, water resources regulation and control ability, water resources utilization efficiency, and water resources management.

Water Resource Utilization Efficiency (WRUE) for Prefecture-Level Cities of Jiangxi, China: A Three-Stage DEA and Bootstrap DEA Approach

In the present study, For China’s prefecture-level cities of Jiangxi, their respective Water Resource Utilization Efficiency (WRUE) from 2006 to 2015 was evaluated in this study, by applying a three-stage DEA and bootstrap DEA model. The results revealed that a comprehensive efficiency of water resources utilization in prefecture-level cities of Jiangxi remained at a relatively low level. The scale of investment in these prefecture-level cities is a key factor restricting their WRUE. However, we found that external environmental variables greatly influenced this efficiency. The spatial changes of DEA effective cities presented the evolution character of change from clear contiguous to complicated scattered. Moreover, our results suggest the bootstrap method can provide more accurate results for WRUE than those from a three-stage DEA. Finally, based on these results, corresponding policy recommendations are put forward in this study.

Study on water resources management in Henan Province based on principal component analysis

This paper selects 11 indicators from three aspects of water resources environment, economy and society to construct the water resources management evaluation system, and uses the principal component analysis method for analysis. Through the comprehensive evaluation of the water resources management level of Henan province in the past three years, the water resources management level of Henan province is compared to promote its management level and improve the efficiency of water resources utilization. The results show that: 1. The water resource utilization level in Henan province is stable and improving. 2. Cities with best water resource management include Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Xinxiang and Nanyang, while cities with good water resource management include Kaifeng, Pingdingshan, Anyang, Jiaozuo and Xinyang. 3. The water resources management level and the economic development level correlation degree is big, and the social development level correlation degree is small.

Study on the utilization efficiency of land and water resources in the Aral Sea Basin, Central Asia

This paper analyzes and calculates the utilization and efficiency of land and water resources in the Aral Sea Basin (ASB) from 2000 to 2014, using MODIS remote sensing data and the Water Use Efficiency Monitor in Central Asia (WUEMoCA) database. The results show that: (1) Over the past 15 years, the water area in ASB has decreased at a rate of 1048 km2 per year, from a proportion of 2.5% in 2000 to 1.5% in 2014. The Aral Sea in particular has witnessed a significant reduction of 60.28% of its area, dropping from 28,119 km2 in 2000 to 11,169 km2 in 2014. (2)The annual yield per unit area of wheat was the highest (4.16 tons/ha), followed by rice (2.27 tons/ha) and cotton (2.22 tons/ha). Water productivity of wheat in the ASB was the highest (0.881 kg/m3), followed by rice (0.689 kg/m3) and wheat (0.451 kg/m3). (3) Generally, crop and water productivity in irrigated areas along the Syr Darya River is greater than that of the Amu Darya River, and that of the upper irrigation areas is larger than the lower ones. The Fergana Valley and Tashkent areas have the relatively highest land and water resources utilization efficiency.

Using big data computing framework and parallelized PSO algorithm to construct the reservoir dispatching rule optimization

The paper aims to study how to realize the rational allocation and efficient utilization of water resources among reservoirs and coordinate the balanced optimization of benefit among dispatching objectives under the premise of ensuring flood control safety. A multi-objective optimal dispatching system for reservoirs in Jinsha River basin based on the Spark big data computing framework and parallelized particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. The characteristics of multiple objectives of water resources optimal dispatching system in Jinsha River basin are analyzed. The multiple objectives have been transformed into single objectives, and the solving model of the problem is obtained. Secondly, the parallel algorithm programming model, the PSO algorithm and its parallel strategy for solving optimization problems, and the parallel method of PSO based on Spark big data computing framework are studied. The results show that the research work provides a scientific theoretical basis and a feasible optimization method for the management and dispatch of cascade hydropower stations. Therefore, this study plays a decisive role in promoting the efficient operation of water resources optimal dispatching system and has good reference value for the development and application of big data parallel programming based on Spark platform.

Assessment of changes in oasis scale and water management in the arid Manas River Basin, north western China.

Modern water-saving irrigation technology has expanded the scale of agricultural oases in arid and semi-arid regions of China. In this study, we used Landsat MSS and Landsat TM/ETM remote sensing data to assess changes in oasis scale and water availability with reference to differing water management practices in the Manas River Basin of north-western China from 1975 to 2015. We used the water-heat balance index H0 to determine oasis stability over time and constructed a suitable-scale calculation model for arid and semi-arid regions to assess the suitable development scale and cultivated land area in the study area. The implementation of water-saving technology in 2000 effectively improved the utilization efficiency of water resources and accelerated the formation of artificial oases; these expanded by 3873.3 km2 while natural oasis area was reduced by 3485.0 km2. The oasis stability index H0 was less than the critical stability index of 0.5 throughout the study period, implying that these areas were in a metastable state and unsuitable for further development. Therefore, in order to improve oasis stability, both scale and agricultural area should be further controlled. At present, actual oasis scale exceeds appropriate scale by 1.1 times and agricultural area exceeds suitable area by 2.5 times. To ensure the stability of the oasis, its area should be maintained at 3942.28-4481.06 km2 and the cultivated land should be maintained at 1576.91-1792.42 km2.

Advances in soil water permeability model

Water resources is the most common but it’s also a vital element of life, agricultural production is an important industry of water consumption, how to improve the water resources efficient utilization of water resources in agricultural production and the role of global many experts and scholars on the water infiltration numerical simulation research, and put forward the different water permeability model, for efficient utilization of water resources in the process of agricultural production has played a significant role in this paper, through the comparison and analysis of all kinds of water permeability model, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the permeability model proposed by Green - Ampt, Philip and Horton et al. It’s intended to provide references and basis for the selection of the permeability model for different purposes in the subsequent scientific research.

Discussion on the concept and definition of mine water

The definition of mine water related concepts involves 6 relevant standards in 6 sectors, 2 mandatory standards, 3 recommended standards, and 1 industry standard. Multi-sectors are inconsistent in the concept and definition of statistical caliber, and the concept of policy is confusing during the formulation and implementation of relevant policy documents, resulting in large errors in statistical data. This paper is based on the analysis of the concept of mine water and the integration of doubts. In conjunction with the relevant requirements of the “Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Water Resources on the Unconventional Water Sources incorporated into the Unified Allocation of Water Resources”, Conceptual definition of regular mine water quantity, mine water availability, mine water development and utilization, and mine water development and utilization potential, unify the statistical caliber of each department and minimize the difference in statistical data. It is conducive to water resources investigation and management, which are conducive to the integration of unconventional water resources into water resources, alleviating the contradiction between water supply and demand, and improving regional water resource allocation efficiency and utilization efficiency.

Study on the Evolution of Water Resource Utilization Efficiency in Tibet Autonomous Region and Four Provinces in Tibetan Areas under Double Control Action

Tibet is the province with the largest international rivers and water resource reserves in China. However, due to its special ecological environment, the utilization of water resources has become an inevitable problem. Considering the undesirable outputs in water resource utilization, the Super-efficiency Slack-based Measure (SE-SBM) model is used to measure water utilization efficiency of Tibet and the Tibetan areas (four provinces where Tibetan areas are located) from 2006 to 2016. The mixed and random panel Tobit model is used to investigate the driving factors of water efficiency and a horizontal comparison between provinces is made on this basis. The results show that the water utilization efficiency of Tibet and the Tibetan areas in four provinces shows a “U-shaped” trend. The water utilization efficiency of most provinces is greater than or close to 1 and the water utilization efficiency of each province shows a constant convergence trend. Environmental regulation and technological innovation have a significant positive effect on water utilization efficiency. Urbanization and foreign direct investment (FDI) have a significant negative effect on water utilization efficiency. Per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and water resource endowment have no significant effect on water utilization efficiency. It is necessary to select a new type of urbanization suitable for the Tibetan Plateau, eliminate the backward production capacity, high water consumption, or high emissions industries, and to strengthen the research and development of water-saving and emission-reduction technology innovation in Tibet.

Benchmarking on Water Resource Utilization Efficiency of Prefecture-Level Cities in Jiangxi, China: A Bootstrap-DEA Approach with Three-Stage DEA Models

China has long been adopted traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models to measure water resources utilization efficiency of different provinces and cities without bias correction of efficiency scores. In this study, the Bootstrap-DEA approach embedded 3-stage DEA models was introduced to analyze the comprehensive efficiency of water resources utilization in the different prefecture-level cities Jiangxi and tried to improve the application of this method for benchmarking and inter-regional research. It is found that the bias corrected efficiency scores of Bootstrap-DEA differ significantly from those of the traditional DEA model, which implies that Chinese researchers need to update their DEA models for more scientific calculation of water resources utilization efficiency scores. This research has helped narrow the inter-regional gap in the comprehensive efficiency measurement and improvement of water resources utilization. It is suggested that Bootstrap-DEA embedded 3-stage DEA models be widely applied into afterward research to measure comprehensive efficiency of water resources utilization in regional inter-city so as to better serve for efficiency improvement and related decision making.

Analysis of Water Resources Utilization Efficiency in Jilin Province Based on DEA Method

Based on the DEA analysis method and input-output principle, this study selected the natural water resources, water resources input and social economic indicators of Jilin Province to construct the water resources development efficiency model of Jilin Province and the water resources utilization efficiency model of Jilin Province. Using the above model to evaluate the water resources development and utilization efficiency of various cities in Jilin Province. Studies have shown that one-third of the prefecture-level cities in Jilin Province have low water use efficiency and have great potential for improvement. Policy recommendations have been put forward for the improvement of water use structure and water use efficiency. The research shows that the water saving potential of Jilin Province is 1.343 billion cubic meters, and the potential GDP will increase by 63.4 billion yuan due to the improvement of comprehensive water use efficiency.