Effective State Regulation Research Articles

ЗАВЕРШЕННЯ ПРИВАТИЗАЦІЇ В ЕНЕРГЕТИЦІ ТА ЇЇ ВПЛИВ НА РІВЕНЬ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В УКРАЇНІ


 
 
 The article analyzes the influence of privatization, which is the main tool for the formation of market relations in the energy sector. The authors found that as a result of the privatization of energy assets in Ukraine, it was not possible to maintain a balance of interests of the state, business and society. The state monopoly was replaced by oligopoly, consumer sovereignty was not secured, and responsibility for energy security is distributed unevenly between business and government. Because of the lack of coordination of policy objectives, privatization did not use the investment resource for energy development, mechanisms for the return of invested funds, which were tested by world experience, were not involved. Completion of privatization should take place after the adoption of a number of decisions related to the institutional framework for the development of electricity market, the development of privatization conditions and contracts with potential investors, measures to ensure the energy security of the state. Reliability of energy supply in the context of further development of private property in the energy sector will be determined by the effectiveness of state regulation in this area, the ability to prevent uncompetitive behavior of market participants. The delay in moving to the European energy model encourages business entities (including sectored monopolists) to lobby their own projects in the government bodies that contradict the established principles of market functioning. The risk of transforming the transitional measures into permanent ones is no less a threat. At the same time, the incompleteness of the transition from the administrative to the market model of regulation not only hampers the development of the world's best business practices by business entities, but also undermines the credibility of government actions. To remedy the situation, it is necessary to accelerate the formation of the institutional and institutional base that ensures the functioning of the energy market in accordance with its new model; to stop administrative interference of the state in the activity of subjects of energy markets, regardless of forms of ownership; to complete privatization of energy assets; to refuse cross- subsidization; to complete the process of monetization of subsidies. Civil society institutions should become a lever to control management decisions and not to distort the norms of the Law of Ukraine "On the Electricity Market" at the stage of its implementation.
 
 

Ефективність державного регулювання та нагляду за небанківськими фінансово-кредитними установами

Ефективність державного регулювання та нагляду за небанківськими фінансово-кредитними установами

Interoceptive awareness in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

ADHD is considered a disorder of self-regulation. Recent research has shown that awareness of bodily states, referred to as interoceptive awareness, crucially contributes to self-regulatory processes. Impaired self-regulation in ADHD has been explained in terms of arousal regulation deficits in ADHD (the state regulation deficit (SRD) account). There is now ample support for the SRD account, however the exact reason for arousal regulation difficulties is not yet known. The SRD account explicitly refers to the ability to monitor one’s momentary bodily state as a prerequisite for effective state regulation. However, surprisingly, no study to date has tested the ability to become aware of bodily signals, i.e. interoceptive awareness, in ADHD. In the current study, we therefore compared interoceptive awareness between 24 adults with ADHD and 23 controls by means of both an objective (heartbeat perception task) and subjective measure (questionnaire) of interoceptive awareness. Results revealed a strikingly similar performance for both groups on both measures, suggesting preserved interoceptive awareness in adult ADHD.

Russian Grain Exports: How to Avoid the Mistakes of the Past

The article examines Russian grain exports, including the history of grain exports in tsarist Russia to which contemporary researchers often refer. The main thesis of the article is that the current volumes at which Russia is exporting grain are achieved at the expense of domestic livestock production, the domestic food market, and the national economy as a whole. Methods for increasing the effectiveness of state regulation and control of the grain market are proposed, including the creation of centralized grain funds.

State Regulation of Employment of the Population of the Republic of Belarus on the Basis of Continuous Education

The issues related to the assessment of the effectiveness of state regulation of employment in the Republic of Belarus in the context of the development of an innovation-type economy are considered in the article. The purpose of this article is to assess the measures of state regulation of the level of employment of economically active population in the Republic of Belarus, based on the use of various forms of continuous education. The state of the cou ntry’s labor market is assessed, which is characterized by the presence of structural unemployment and insignificant volumes of investments directed by business entities to the development of human capital in order to reduce its level. The main legislative acts regulating the order of continuous education of different categories of personnel in the organizations of the country are considered. The concepts of «competitiveness of the individual in the labor market» and «competitiveness of the employer in the labor market» are formulated taking into account the competence approach, which assumes the formation of competencies and qualifications in the process of continuous training that provide the necessary degree of worker’s mobility in the labor market. The peculiarities of state regulation of latent unemployment in business entities of the Republic of Belarus are considered by means of their stimulation to the organization of continuous training of workers. Organizational and legal bases of interaction betwee n regional offices of the State Employment Service, employers and dismissed workers (employee in danger of dismissal) in the organization of continuing education to improve competitiveness and mobility in the labor market are assessed. Recommendations are developed for the personnel management services of organizations related to the use of different forms of continuous training in the process of optimization of the number of staff in the short and medium term within the current legislation of the country.

FISCAL POLICY AS THE TOOL OF MACROECONOMIC REGULATION

Urgency of the research. The need to ensure sustainable economic growth and social stability, increase competitiveness, and strengthen the integration economy processes put new challenges to have effective state regulation of socio-economic development, which is possible in the presence of an adaptive and balanced fiscal policy. Target setting. It is important to increase the level of validity fiscal policy perspective directions considering the state of the economy and business activity levels. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Development of approaches to formation an effective fiscal policy is devoted to the publication of many scholars, such as Sh. Blankart, J. Keynes, O. Vasilik, L. Lysiak, V. Oparin, V. Fedosov, I. Chugunov. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. At the present stage of socio-economic development, the concept of fiscal policy as a tool of macroeconomic regulation remains poorly defined. The research objective. To substantiate the position of fiscal policy as an instrument of macroeconomic regulation; to determine the ways of influencing fiscal policy on achievement of strategic goals and balancing the economy in conditions of its volatility. The statement of basic materials. Fiscal policy is a tool for effective regulation of the economy. The formation of fiscal policy requires conformity with cyclical economic development and orientation towards ensuring the development of the real sector of economy on the basis of the endogenous economy. Conclusions. Fiscal policy should be considered as a tool of macroeconomic regulation, which is a set of interconnected institutional components, the integrity of which will contribute to balanced socio-economic development.

ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article considers the main aspects of state regulation of an inclusive economy and its impact on all segments of the population. Theoretical issues of inclusive development in Ukraine are studied, the role of the state in the system of regulation of the policy of inclusive economic development is determined, the main components of the concept of inclusiveness of sustainable development in Ukraine are clarified. The content of the concept of "inclusive economy" is revealed and the innovations of state regulation regarding its growth are analyzed. The factors that hinder the development of an inclusive economy in Ukraine are identified and the importance of state regulation of an inclusive economy as an economy aimed at meeting the needs of all members of society is noted. It is proved that the strategic priority of the Ukrainian economy is sustainable growth, which is based on an inclusive economy, which not only improves the overall economic situation in the country, but also increases public confidence in the state. It is determined that the factors of inclusive economy development are best manifested through the components of the inclusive development index. It is established that additional factors hindering the development of an inclusive economy in Ukraine are the uneven geographical and sectoral distribution of opportunities, low living standards and low education. The main strategic directions of creating an inclusive economy in Ukraine in such areas as education, health care, social protection and ensuring equal rights and opportunities for all segments of the population are summarized. The distinctive features that distinguish an inclusive economy from other types of economic growth are identified. The international experience of implementation of inclusive development, the basic preconditions of its formation in other countries are analyzed. The urgency of implementing international experience in Ukraine in such areas as expanding access to education and health care for children and adolescents from poor families and measures aimed at redistributing resources in favor of lagging regions has been established. The main problems and obstacles that stand in the way of effective state regulation of inclusive growth in Ukraine are identified. The necessity of introduction of the state model of effective inclusive economy is proved.

Survey of collaborative drug therapy management in U.S. hospitals.

Results of a survey assessing the extent and scope of collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM) in U.S. hospitals are presented. A survey questionnaire was mailed to a national random sample of hospital pharmacies. Pharmacy directors provided data on CDTM activities; their views on support for CDTM, the financial and strategic impact of CDTM, and the effect of state regulations on CDTM practice were assessed using summative Likert-type scales. Logistic regression was performed to assess associations of respondent demographics and hospital characteristics with CDTM use. The usable response rate was 30.2%. Pharmacists were reported to be engaged in CDTM in 66% of respondents' hospitals, a significantly (p < 0.0001) greater proportion than reported in a comparable 2003 survey. The most prevalent CDTM activities were ordering laboratory and related tests (58.7% of hospitals), adjusting drug strength (57.9%), and changing the frequency of administration (53.8%). The most commonly reported diseases or treatment areas for CDTM use were anticoagulation (52.4% of hospitals), infectious diseases (44.8%), and parenteral nutrition (32.6%). From 2003 to 2013, the prevalence of CDTM use in surveyed U.S. hospitals increased significantly, from about 50% to 66%. The 3 most common specific CDTM activities in 2003-ordering test results, adjusting drug strength, and changing frequency of administration-were still the most common in 2013 but were allowed at higher percentages of hospitals.

FINANCIAL POTENTIAL OF AGROINDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE REALIZATION OF THE STATE FINANCIAL POLICY

The role of state financial policy in ensuring the balance of financial potential of agribusiness enterprises is determined. The external necessity in managing financial potential on the basis of effective state regulation and financial policy tools is substantiated. The modern aspects of the development of theoretical positions and methodical approaches to solving problems of forming the financial potential of domestic agro-industrial enterprises on the basis of favorable financial policy of the state are investigated. The necessity of developing an integrated mechanism for the formation and realization of the financial policy of the agro-industrial sector and its tools for providing it is proved. The stages of the formation and implementation of the mechanism of financial policy of agro enterprises for balancing their financial potential are presented, including: setting of the mission, goals and tasks of the functioning of agro-industrial enterprises in the context of the implementation of financial policy; Formation of a functional component of development of agro-industrial enterprises; Definition of sphere of distribution of financial relations in the process of formation of financial potential of agroindustrial enterprises; Choosing a financial policy to balance the financial potential of agribusiness enterprises; Choice of tools for implementation of financial policy; Realization of financial policy through implementation of state programs and support tools in order to support the financial potential of agribusinesses; Control over the implementation of financial policy. It is noted that the performance of the presented stages can be estimated on the basis of four blocks of indicators, which reflect the level of implementation of the planned indicators of agribusiness development and the influence of external factors on them.

ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ БАНКІВСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of "state regulation", "state regulation of banking", "banking regulation" and the measures on which the state regulation of banking is based. An analysis of the scientific literature in various fields allows us to conclude that scholars ambiguously interpret the term "state regulation of banking." Most often, state regulation of banking is seen as a system of measures by which the state through authorized bodies regulates the activities of banks. The domestic legislator considers the concept of "banking regulation" as one of the functions of the National Bank of Ukraine, which is to create a system of norms governing the activities of banks, determine the general principles of banking, banking supervision, liability for violations of banking legislation. The main purpose of banking regulation is security and financial stability of the banking system, protection of the interests of depositors and creditors. The importance of state regulation of banking as an integral part of public policy is emphasized. Effective state regulation of banking activities should ensure stable and uninterrupted operation of the banking system, guarantee the provision of quality services by banks to depositors and borrowers and protect their interests. Preventive and protective measures on which the state regulation of banking activity in Ukraine is based are considered. Preventive measures should be implemented through the approval of mandatory regulations. The application of protective measures should provide protection against the already threatening situation for the bank. Attention is also paid to the forms in which state regulation of banks by the National Bank is carried out. Such forms are administrative regulation and indicative regulation.

FEATURES OF AGRICULTURAL LAND MARKET FORMATION

In the article the process of formation of agricultural land market is considered. The analysis of the place and value of agricultural land market to improve the efficiency of agricultural production, provide sustainable development and achieve food security of the country is made. Unlike other products land is a durable good, the quality and value of which in the case of rational use may increase. In this regard, in the article the main features of agricultural land market, which distinguish it from other products market are indicated. For the operation of agricultural land market the measures which provide an opportunity to realize a number of important social and economic processes in Ukraine are offered. Thus, land market is one of the factors that actively influence the rational land use. As a mechanism land market provides the turnover of lands and their transfer into the hands of more effective owners. The introduction of high-grade agricultural land market and its effective state regulation in Ukraine will ensure the implementation of a number of important issues today. In general we can say the following: international experience shows that to regulate land market is much more effective than to drive it "into shadow".

FROM RATIONAL POLICY OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT TO THE EFFECTIVE POLICY (CASE OF GEORGIA)

ABSTRACT Tourism has become an important activity not only for developed but for developing countries as well. Tourism industry has huge potential in improving the countries’ economic structure, creating new jobs and attracting investments. The relevance of the issue grows in case of developing countries, which have rich cultural heritage and natural resources. For developing competitive tourism industry in Georgia, several important issues should be resolved, establishing the legal framework for tourism, creating effective state regulation system. For understanding the existing reality, we carried out the research in following areas: tourism policy and management; economics; investments and competitiveness; employment and human resources; poverty reduction and social inclusion; sustainability of natural and cultural environment. Which will help Georgia in process of integration to the system of world tourist market. Keywords Tourism industry, Effective regulation, Poverty reduction, Tourism Policy, Investments and competitiveness

Public Health Policy and Governance in India: An Overview

This paper explores the evolution of health policy and governance in India. The concept of health has ancient foundations and passed through cultural and scientific phases. Health is a part and parcel of life in mundane and spiritual aspects. A disease or imbalance in body requires systematic and effective solution. Health providers need to adopt humanistic consideration as well. Colonial administration had very limited activities in alleviating illness. The emergence of welfare state paved the way for comprehensive health plans and programs from elite to downtrodden. It was not until 1983 that India adopted a formal or official National Health Policy. The draft of The National Health Policy 2015 reveals comprehensive and effective health system. Earlier, health programs of the state were formulated through the Five year Plans and recommendations of various Committees. Liberalism opened the way for public-private partnership to achieve health for all. This is also required to meet the needs of larger population. Health policy and governance expects effective state regulation and governance.

Рекапіталізація небанківських фінансових установ в Україні: обмеження та механізми

The article deals with the recapitalization of non-bank financial institutions, in particular, credit unions and insurance companies. Raising the capitalization of non-bank financial institutions is one of the most important issues of the financial sector during the financial and economic crisis in Ukraine. The appropriate level of capitalization of insurance companies and credit unions ensure their solvency. Sufficient capitalization allows non-bank financial institutions to neutralize the risks of financial activities and obtain an appropriate level of profit under uncertainty. Economic recession and stagnation of the domestic financial sector calls for scientific justification of the ways of increasing capitalization of credit unions and insurance companies under the current socio-political and economic crises, which is the purpose of the article. A consequence of the global financial crisis of 2008 was the sharp decapitalization of credit unions in Ukraine. In this context, a series of issues related to the functioning of credit unions require solution, such as: improvement of the legal framework; consolidation of the cooperative nature of credit unions; issues of supervision and control over credit unions; protection of credit unions' depositors and others. One of the main ways of increasing the capitalization of domestic insurance companies is improvement of state regulation. Effective state regulation of the activities of companies in the insurance sector could ensure their efficient operation and increased capitalization, as well as protection of policy holders and insurers etc. Scientific and practical importance of the research's results consists in defining the main guidelines of the development of credit unions and insurance companies, which is a prerequisite for improved operation and recapitalization of non-bank financial institutions. In particular, to improve the capitalization of insurance companies, it is necessary: to provide a sufficient depth of insurance coverage (increasing the share of premiums in GDP); to introduce a mechanism of compulsory insurance on matters affecting the national interests, which would contribute to the stability of the economic environment and increased insurance premiums; to provide investment orientation of the insurers by strengthening the institutional focus of the insurance funds and creating favorable conditions for receiving investment income and capitalization through increased insurance reserves; to mobilize significant investments in international capital markets in order to facilitate intensive and irreversible integration of the insurance market of Ukraine in the world economy; and to provide innovative insurance services, and upgrade the existing insurance products to attract a wide range of insurers.

THE ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENTS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES SUPPORT

Market transformations in economic system of the Russian Federation from 1991 conditioned the change of consumers drug support organization principles, and the market formation led to the business development in this field. Pharmaceutical market is a socially significant market, which leads to the necessity of active realization of competitive business environment development in the conditions of effective state regulation and support. The problem of creation and development of small businesses has a special value for the national economy. These businesses provide the production of significant, and in some cases dominating part of a gross domestic product in many developed countries. State policy of small business support in Russia has become an individual system direction of social and economical state policy. It is formed by the principle of favorable conditions creation for small business development, especially in the fields of activity which give maximum social and economical effect. The actions coordination of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of federal subjects of the Russian Federation and local governments, social organizations, and entrepreneurs associations was enhanced to create the conditions of effective development of small business, form a flexible system of its state support. Analysis of the measurements implemented in the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, aimed to the small business support for the evaluation of possibility of their use for pharmacy organization opening was the purpose of the study.

Концепция механизма управления финансовым потенциалом предприятия

In the article the essence of financial capacity of the enterprise is investigated; the concept of management by financial potential from a position of system approach is developed. When using an integrated approach in assessing competitive advantages of the enterprise, it is necessary to consider technical (technological level of production and products, etc.), legal (stability of democratic transformations, systemacity and validity of acts in various directions of the law, market (capacity of the market, competition force, openness, marketing, etc.), scientific (depth of the analysis of economic laws and regularities, organization laws, width and depth of application of scientific approaches, modern methods), economic (profitability, stability, financial instruments, security with resources, etc.), psychological and other aspects of ensuring competitiveness, and also their interference. As a rule, qualitative methods of competitiveness assessment have a low level of mathematical formalization, labor input of realization and intermittence of assessment. They do not allow using competitiveness assessment in the analysis and definition of the direction of strengthening of competitive positions of the enterprise. Lack of effective methods of assessment which allow to describe quantitatively the competitive position of the enterprise complicates the process of use of this important characteristic at decision-making in enterprise management. Therefore, techniques of assessment of competitiveness mainly have not descriptive, but economic, quantitative character. The indicator of competitiveness displays the most essential results of activity and future opportunities of all services and enterprise divisions, and also its ability to react to changes of factors of environment. Statement and solution of the topical problem of development of the concept of the mechanism of management is carried out by the financial capacity of the enterprise whose efficiency in many respects depends on how this mechanism will answer the purpose realized in the course of an economic reform and problems of increase of investment activity of managing subjects and effectiveness of state regulation in this sphere. From the position of the conducted research it is advisable to use a system of the indicators for assessment of competitiveness rather than a single method. The system allows to determine whether the enterprise as a whole is competitive, which helps estimate qualitatively the effectiveness of management of the financial potential of the subject of managing. In order to determine whether the enterprise functioning is stable, we consider expedient to study the main indicators of its activity (first of all, profitability, liquidity, independence) and tendencies of their change. If the dynamics of the indicators is rather stable and there is no tendency to decrease in the main indicators (including competitiveness), the goal of management is reached by the financial capacity of the enterprise.

(Evaluation of the Effectiveness of State Regulation of Business)

Russian Abstract: В работе представлен сравнительный анализ зарубежного опыта регулирования предпринимательства с выявлением образцов лучшей практики. Определены условия использования зарубежного опыта регулирования предпринимательства в российских условиях. Кроме того, подготовлены предложения по совершенствованию системы государственного и муниципального управления Российской Федерации, направленные на использование современной методологии и лучшей мировой практики регулирования предпринимательства, в особенности инновационного.English Abstract: During the study a comparative analysis of foreign experience in business regulation with identification of best practices was conducted. Conditions of usage of foreign experience in business regulation in Russian Federation were defined. In addition, proposals of improving the system of state and municipal governance of Russia were developed, involving the usage of best practices of business regulation, especially the innovative ones.

The Synergistic Effect of State Regulation and Self-Regulation on Disclosure Level of Director and Executive Remuneration in Australia

This article examines how the introduction of a mix of state and market-based regulatory mechanisms representing formal and informal institutional elements, respectively, impacts disclosure level of director and executive remuneration in Australia. In doing so, our study steps beyond the simple state versus market dichotomy that the extant literature is primarily concerned with and proposes a symbiotic relationship between the two. The results of our study reveal that both state regulation and self-regulation as bundles of corporate governance can potentially join forces to ease agency conflicts. What is more, certain well-institutionalized organizational practices that guide agents toward self-regulation remain highly relevant and significant, even in the presence of pervasive state regulation. The synthesis of constructs borrowed from agency and institutional theories and its testing in an empirical setting of Australia verifies the significance of formal (state regulation) and informal (self-regulation) institutional aspects in addressing moral hazard agency conflicts. Our research provides insights for public policy makers as to how policies can be developed for good corporate governance. Particularly, in the context of current global economic crises, policy makers would be better off choosing those institutional mechanisms of corporate governance that complement the state regulation with self-regulation for the management and regulation of the modern global economy.

The potential for dive tourism led entrepreneurial marine protected areas in Curacao

Despite the successful establishment of marine protected areas in the Netherlands Antilles, such as Saba and Bonaire, government-led protection of the reefs surrounding Curacao has repeatedly failed. In the absence of effective state regulation, dive operations have taken de facto control over dive sites, establishing conservation through a range of private initiatives akin to what have been referred to as entrepreneurial marine protected areas (EMPAs). The paper analyses the potential of these EMPAs to regulate access and control to dive sites and good diver practices. Using data from interviews with key actors in the dive industry and a survey of tourist divers the paper shows that achieving an island wide system of EMPAs is dependent on issues related to ownership over the reef, geographical location, and market competition. The paper concludes that the viability of such a system is not only dependent on the dynamics of the local and international dive market, in which all actors pursue their own interests, but also on the establishment of meta-governance arrangements that can provide incentive-based oversight to the entrepreneurial conservation practices of dive operations.

From Global Economic Crisis to the ‘Other Crisis’

The global economic crisis of 2008 has provoked considerable debate on unregulated markets and the need for more effective state regulation. Shahra Razavi draws attention to an important arena of social development, the arena of unpaid care, that is often ‘invisible’ but one that is likely to experience particular strain as the global economic crisis unfolds. Short of a paradigm shift, the paper argues that what is needed as a first step is to interrogate development processes and ‘economic’ policies through a ‘care lens’. It is also necessary to scrutinize the multiplicity of institutional sites where care is produced, and the extent to which ‘social’ policies contest or reinforce gender and class inequalities.