Dictionaries are generally dened as the reference sources to describe all the words in a language or the meanings of terms, words or phrases used in specic elds such as science, sports, art, medicine. Dictionaries, which can be monolingual or multilingual, give the vocabulary of a language in both spoken and written forms. Taking the root of a word as a foundation, dictionaries, show the associated words and meanings of different uses of a word in alphabetical order. In this context, this study evaluates Ferheng-i Murtaza compiled by Murtaza Elker, a work that gains its importance from being the rst Turkish - Persian dictionary to be compiled in the Republican period. This article contains an introduction and two main chapters: in the introduction part the denition of a dictionary is discussed, and information is given on early Persian and early Turkish dictionary manuscripts, and Turkish–Persian dictionaries. The rst chapter is about Murtaza Elker's life and literature. The second chapter is about the compiling process employed by Ferheng-i Murtaza, covering the method of compiling, linguistic structure and the aim of compiling such a dictionary. The concluding section aims to offer an analysis in the light of research undertaken for this article.