Direct Compensation Research Articles

Cl− skeleton modification and K+ charge compensation construct Eu2+ subcrystalline luminescent structure in NaAlSiO4

In this work, the highly homogeneous NaAlSiO4 structure was constructed by glass relaxation crystallization method. The evolution of the subcrystalline luminescence structure was examined by using Eu2+ as a structural probe. The optimization of luminescent properties and phase structure changes of Cl− substitution, Eu2+ occupancy and K+ charge compensation were studied by XRD, EDS, PL spectra, PLE spectra and luminescence thermal stability analysis. The research revealed the AB layer spacing of the crystal stretched and the hexatomix ring opened by Cl− directionally replace O2−(O5), inducing more Eu2+ to selectively occupy the Na+(I) site, resulting in local charge defects in the lattice. The transition emission efficiency of Eu2+ was increased by 50 % with introducing K+ for directional charge compensation. In comparison with NaAlSiO4:2%Eu2+, the NaAlSiO3.96Cl0.04:2%Eu2+-8K+ phosphor showed a 20.82 % increase in ΔE, indicating improved thermal sensitivity in this phosphor series, which holds promising potential for application in LED devices.

Tracking the Economic Contributions West Virginia’s Forest Products Industry During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A Look at 2019 Through 2022 Data

Abstract West Virginia’s forest products industry’s (FPI) contributions to the state’s economy have historically been influenced by factors such as increasing global competition, increasing automation, recessions, the shale gas boom, and more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are limited data regarding the impact of the pandemic on the industry and state economy. Given its importance to the state economy, it is therefore important to examine the effect of the pandemic on the industry and the state economy and its recovery postpandemic. This study quantifies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on West Virginia’s FPI from 2019 through 2022, highlighting significant recovery postpandemic. As expected, during the peak of the pandemic spanning the periods of 2019 and 2020 marked a decline in the West Virginia FPI performance across all measures of economic contributions. However, the magnitude and length of the adverse impact is not as significant as the impact of the Great Recession. The forestry sector experienced the largest decline in terms of direct and total economic contributions while the furniture sector remained relatively resilient. By 2021, the industry already experienced recovery which continued through 2022. In fact, 2022 levels were higher than the prepandemic levels except for employment and direct employee compensation. In general, most sectors of the industry have shown recovery and are even performing better than before the pandemic, except for the logging sector. The West Virginia FPI has proven its resiliency during the pandemic and capitalized on opportunities to respond to the changing demand for forest products.

Adaptive Neural Control for Hysteretic Nonlinear Systems With Hysteresis Neural Direct Inverse Compensator and Its Application.

Aiming at high precision control for a class of hysteretic nonlinear systems, a new hysteresis direct inverse compensator-based adaptive output feedback control scheme is designed in this article. First, a novel long short-term memory neural network (LSTMNN)-based hysteresis inverse compensator is established to compensate the asymmetric hysteresis nonlinearity, where the LSTMNN is used as the prediction mechanism for model operator weights, rather than the overall mapping of hysteresis input and output. Second, by designing the modified high-gain K-Filter states observer and the error transformed function, the unmeasurable states are estimated with arbitrarily small estimation error and the prespecified tracking performance is achieved. Lastly, the biconical dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) motion platform is constructed. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed LSTMNN-based hysteresis inverse compensator and control scheme are verified on the experimental platform. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of proposed control scheme.

Mediating Effect of Psychological Empowerment Between Perceived Organizational Support and Job Satisfaction Among Engineers in Malaysia

Objective: This research study aims to examine the factors influencing job satisfaction among engineers in Malaysia manufacturing industry. The factors consist of direct compensation, job security, perceived organizational support and mediating role of psychological empowerment. Theoretical Framework: The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s two-factor theories were employed in the research and interpret the findings. Method: A quantitative research method was employed to examine the relationships between variables through survey collected from respondents that working in various manufacturing firms across Malaysia. The study utilized a structured questionnaire distributed among 384 respondents via digital platform such as Google questionnaires. This study employed convenient sampling method to ensure representation across different manufacturing sectors. The cross-sectional approach was utilized to capture a snapshot of job satisfaction and its causes at a particular point in time, reflecting current attitudes and influences in Malaysia's manufacturing industry. The data collected will be analyzed using SPSS software for both the pilot test and data analysis. Pearson Correlation, Multiple Regression and PROCESS macro will use to examine the significant relationships between variables and hypothesized relationships. Results and Discussion: The findings show that there are strong positive relationship between direct compensation, job security, perceived organizational support and job satisfaction among engineers. Also, psychological empowerment was revealed as a key mediator to strengthening the link between perceived organizational support and job satisfaction. Research Implications: The results hold practical implications for organizational management and policymakers seeking to increase job satisfaction among engineers. The recommendations include fair and competitive wage structures, ensuring job security through transparent recruiting procedures, creating supportive organizational climates and empowering people to increase job satisfaction.

A high-precision localization method for underwater targets incorporating direct path recognition and sound rays bending compensation

A high-precision localization method for underwater targets incorporating direct path recognition and sound rays bending compensation

Closed-Form Method for Unified Far-Field and Near-Field Localization Based on TDOA and FDOA Measurements

When the near-field and far-field information of a target is uncertain, it is necessary to choose a suitable localization method. The modified polar representation (MPR) method integrates the two scenarios and achieves a unified localization with direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in the far field and position estimation in the near field. Previous studies have only proposed solutions for stationary environments and have not considered the motion factor. Therefore, this paper proposes a new unified positioning algorithm using multi-sensor time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements without prior target source information. The method represents the position of the target source using MPR and describes the localization problem as a weighted least squares (WLS) problem with two constraints. We first obtain the initial estimates by WLS without considering the constraints and then investigate a two-step error correction method based on the constraints. The first step corrects the initial estimate using the Taylor series expansion technique, and the second step corrects the DOA estimate in the previous step using the direct error compensation technique based on the properties of the second constraint. Simulation experiments show that the method is effective for the unified positioning of moving targets and can achieve the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB).

Unleashing the Power of Reading: Effective Strategies for Non-Native Arabic Language Learners

This study delves into the realm of enhancing reading skills for non-native Arabic language learners, exploring effective strategies to unlock the full potential of reading comprehension. Despite the limited existing research in this domain, the study aims to shed light on various perspectives that can contribute to a deeper understanding of the subject. this study aspires to pave the way for the development of more comprehensive and effective learning strategies for non-native Arabic language learners, ultimately fostering a heightened appreciation for the power of reading in language acquisition. This research employs a literature review methodology to collect, analyze, and synthesize relevant literature related to effective strategies in developing Arabic reading skills for non-native learners. The research findings highlight the effectiveness of various reading strategies for non-native Arabic learners. The findings of this research reveal that the direct memory strategy enhances Arabic reading through direct recall and vocabulary retention, crucial for non-native learners. Consistent use and tools like digital apps build learners' memory foundation. Additionally, the Direct Cognitive, Compensation, Indirect Cognitive, Affective, and Social Strategies contribute significantly, offering diverse approaches for non-native learners to excel in Arabic qira'ah (reading skills).

Simulating the Impact of Fuel Prices Rising and Direct Cash Assistance Compensation (BLT BBM) on Poverty in Indonesia

Crude oil prices have become volatile as geopolitical conflicts that occur in oil-exporting countries make the Indonesian government have to increase fuel prices and plan to provide cash transfers as compensation. This study analyzes the impact of fuel price rising and the direct cash assistance compensation program/Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT BBM) on poverty using micro data simulation. Poverty simulation is generated by modifying the poverty line (GK) and expenditure by utilizing leading indicators such as commodities inflation, household consumption expenditure growth, and population growth. The simulation results show that the presence of compensation can reduce the poverty rate compared to the absence of compensation. Without compensation, the poverty rate in September 2022 is predicted to be 10.36 percent (0.82 percent higher than in March 2022), while under the government's scheme where compensation is given to households receiving the Family Hope Program (PKH)/Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT), poverty is predicted to be 9.56 percent (0.02 percent higher than in March 2022). Exclusion error in the program of 55.35 percent in the lowest decile is an obstacle in poverty alleviation. Improvement and updating of the database of program recipients is needed so that the program can be more targeted to reach the poor.

Quantifying the Impact of Risk Factors on Direct Compensation Property Damage in Canadian Automobile Insurance

This study presents a statistical analysis assessing the impact of various risk factors on direct compensation property damage (DCPD) claims in private passenger vehicle accidents. Using automobile insurance data in Ontario, Canada for the decade years period between 2003 and 2012, a statistical model of property damage was explored via a generalized linear binary logit mixed model and considered the imbalance between the classes of insureds. The results indicate that several risk factors have a significant impact on the likelihood of DCPD claims, including usage, training, outstanding loss, and incurred loss. The effects of these risk factors were observed under the weights — the number of trials used to generate each success proportion — in the different classes of insureds. The generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) analysis provides a powerful tool for quantifying the impact of risk factors on binary outcomes, which are called DCPD claims and property damage (PD) claims covered by third-party liability (TPL) insurance. These models can also inform insurance underwriting and policy design, focusing on identifying the most significant risk factors. The performance metrics calculated by considering the class imbalance in binary outcomes verify the resulting model’s ability to accurately predict classes. The F1 score, an evaluation metric to measure the performance of classification, was calculated as 0.934. In addition, PR AUC, which is the area under the Precision-Recall (PR) curve, was computed as 0.953. These high scores indicate that the resulting model performs well in the classification. The other metrics also support the classification accuracy of this model. The findings of the analysis can help insurers better understand the underlying drivers of property damages and develop more accurate and effective strategies for risk mitigation. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of developing class-specific risk assessment models to account for the imbalance across different classes.

The hustle is real: an examination of the self-related consequences of consuming idealized self-promotional content on LinkedIn

PurposeEveryday users of professional networks such as LinkedIn are flooded by posts presenting the achievements of their connections (e.g. I got a new job/award). The present research takes a self-discrepancy perspective to examine the mixed-emotional and behavioral consequences of viewing such idealized self-promotional content on professional networks.Design/methodology/approachThe emotional and behavioral consequences following viewership of idealized self-promotional content on LinkedIn are explored through one pilot study (N = 109) and one online experiment (N = 714), which is evaluated using structural equation modeling.FindingsViewership of idealized self-promotional content on professional social networking sites acts as an emotional double-edged sword for LinkedIn users. Users feel both dejection and symhedonia (i.e. happiness for others), dependent on their reported career-based self-discrepancy. We find the experience of symhedonia to be bound by the relational closeness of the poster (acquaintance vs close friend). Furthermore, we show how resultant emotions drive self-regulatory compensatory IT-use behaviors (i.e. direct resolution, fluid compensation, dissociation, and escapism).Originality/valueWe offer four distinct contributions. Firstly, we disentangle inconsistent findings of mixed emotions by introducing symhedonia to IT literature. Secondly, we investigate the boundary condition of relational closeness. Thirdly, we extend our findings by investigating compensatory-consumption behaviors that stem from mixed-affective outcomes. Finally, we do so in the context of professional networks, which are greatly understudied and are distinctive from personal networks. Practical implications are discussed.

Bats integrate multiple echolocation and flight tactics to track prey

The ability of "target tracking," such as keeping a target object in sight, is crucial for various activities. However, most sensing systems experience a certain degree of delay due to information processing, which challenges accurate target tracking. The long history of studies on animal behavior has revealed several tactics for it, although a systematic understanding of how individual tactics are combined into a strategy has not been reached. This study demonstrates a multifaceted tracking strategy in animals, which mitigates the adverse delay effects with small implementation costs. Using an active-sensing bat to measure their sensing state while chasing natural prey, we found that bats use a tracking strategy by combining multiple echolocation and flight tactics. The three echolocation tactics, namely the predictive control of sensing direction accompanied by adjusting the sensing rate and angular range, produce a direct compensation effect. Simultaneously, the flight tactic, the counter maneuver, assists echolocation by stabilizing the target direction. Our simulation results demonstrate that these combined tactics improve tracking accuracy over a wide range of delay constraints. In addition, a concise rule based on the angular velocity between bats and targets explains how bats control these tactics, suggesting that bats successfully reduce the burden of multitasking management. Our findings reveal the sophisticated strategy in animals' tracking systems and provide insights into understanding and developing efficiently integrated strategies in target tracking across various disciplines.

Pengaruh pengetahuan perpajakan, kesadaran wajib pajak dan sanksi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam membayar Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Kecamatan Pulau Batang Dua Kota Ternate

Taxes are mandatory contributions to the State owed by individuals or entities that are coercive by law, by not receiving direct compensation and used for the benefit of the State for the greatest possible prosperity of the people. This study aims to analyze the influence of understanding of taxation, awareness of tax payers, and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance in paying land and building taxes in Pulau Batang Dua sub-district, Ternate city, North Maluku Province. Researchers used a quantitative descriptive technique. The data used in the form of primary data using a questionnaire. The statistical method used is multiple regression analysis. The test results show that partially understanding of taxation has no significant effect on taxpayer compliance, taxpayer awareness has a significant effect on taxpayer compliance, tax sanctions have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance, and simultaneously understanding of taxation, taxpayer awareness, and sanctions taxes have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance.

Pengaruh Beban Kerja, Kompensasi Langsung, dan Kompensasi Tidak Langsung terhadap Kepuasan Kerja pada PT. Bintang Baru Sentosa

The purpose of this research is to ascertain the impact of workload, direct compensation, and indirect compensation on employee job satisfaction at PT Bintang Baru Sentosa. The study employed a survey research method, collecting data through direct observation and the distribution of questionnaires in the research object's field. The participants in this research were PT Bintang Baru Sentosa employees, of which 50 employees made up the sample. This sampling used the saturated sampling method.The results of research using multiple linear regression analysis showed that partial workload, direct compensation and partial indirect compensation had a significant positive effect on job satisfaction for PT Bintang Baru Sentosa employees. Apart from that, simultaneously workload, direct compensation and indirect compensation have a significant positive effect on job satisfaction of employees at PT Bintang Baru Sentosa.

Systemic barriers hinder person-centered home and community based services (HCBS): Perspectives of service users and professionals

BackgroundIn response to the 2014 Final Settings Rule issued by the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services, home-and-community based services (HCBS) provider organizations strengthened person-centered (PC) planning for HCBS to improve participants' choice and control over their services. Despite the call for widespread adoption of PC services, systemic barriers influence service users’ and professionals' experiences in receiving and delivering PC services. ObjectiveThis study describes the perspectives of HCBS professionals and users on systemic barriers that affect PC HCBS delivery. MethodsSemi-structured interviews with 20 HCBS users and 22 HCBS professionals explored perspectives on providing and receiving PC HCBS as well as higher level systems challenges to providing PC services. Qualitative analysis focused on participants’ perspectives of system-level issues. ResultsQualitative analysis generated three themes: (1) Workforce considerations; (2) Resources and service access; and (3) Infrastructure for feedback. High direct service provider turnover rates, service-eligibility determination procedures, and waitlists affected service delivery. Participants highlighted a need for increased direct service provider compensation, access to higher-quality training, improved financial resources, and effective feedback infrastructures. Waiver flexibility due to the Covid-19 public health emergency allowed expanded service access and improved quality. ConclusionOrganizational and system-level issues hinder delivery of PC services. Increased flexibility and resource allocation for service provision, as demonstrated in the Covid-19 public health emergency response, should be sustained. HCBS users’ suggestions for service-delivery improvements are consistent with recent state and organizational initiatives. HCBS improvements benefit from user-identified solutions in program development and implementation.

Underwater biomimetic orientation method using imaging polarization sensor based on direct sunlight compensation

This paper addresses the challenge of significant interference caused by direct sunlight, which adversely affects the orientation accuracy of underwater imaging polarization sensors (IPS). A novel underwater polarization orientation method is proposed based on direct sunlight compensation. Firstly, based on the polarization transmission model at the water-air interface, the interference mechanism of the underwater direct sunlight polarization detection model was analyzed. The underwater IPS detection model based on direct sunlight compensation is constructed, which uses the weight coefficient of underwater direct sunlight to compensate for the interference on the polarization channel and improve the accuracy of underwater polarization detection models. Furthermore, the analytical solution method for the polarization state information of underwater IPS is proposed, employing the augmented Stokes vectors to construct a linear equation for solving the weight coefficients of direct sunlight and improving the computational efficiency. Finally, an underwater polarization orientation experimental platform is established, and both simulation and actual underwater experiments are conducted. Compared with the traditional methods, the proposed method reduces heading error by an average of 92.53% at different solar altitudes.

The Effect of Direct Financial Compensation, Job Performance Appraisal and Physical Work Environment on Employee Job Satisfaction

Job satisfaction is defined as a positive emotional state from a person's work experience about what job they deserve in return. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of direct financial compensation, performance appraisal, and the physical work environment on job satisfaction of PT. J Ekstrim Tech Indonesia. The type of research used is quantitative. With a simple random sampling technique (Simple Random Sampling). Based on the research population at PT. J Ekstrim Tech Indonesia is a total of 130 employees. The sample in this study were 98 respondents who were calculated using the slovin formula. Data collection using the method of observation, questionnaires, literature and interviews. The data analysis method used in this study is quantitative data analysis using the SPSS For Windows program. After the data is collected, data analysis is carried out by grouping data based on the variables studied, performing calculations to answer the problem formulation and performing calculations to test the hypothesis. Data analysis was performed with multiple linear regression. The results showed that direct financial compensation partially had a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction, performance appraisal partially had a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction, the physical work environment had a partial positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction. Based on the results of the simultaneous test of direct financial compensation variables, performance appraisal and the physical work environment simultaneously influence employee job satisfaction.

Operation of a Pilot-Scale Biogas Plant Made of Textile Materials and Application of Its Results to a Full-Sized Demonstration Plant

In small German farms, there is a technically usable potential of cattle manure and pig manure ranging from 153 to 187 million tons of fresh matter per year. Since 2021 and 2023, new incentives under the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) have been promoting biogas production in small farms. These incentives, applicable to biogas plants up to 150 kWel, include direct compensations for plants up to 100 kWel and market premiums for those up to 150 kWel. A small biogas plant made of textile materials was designed for both pilot and full-scale applications. Compared to conventional concrete biogas reactors, these textile-based reactors offer a simplified construction and operation, eliminating the need for specialized civil engineering. The primary objective of this research is to demonstrate the process engineering feasibility of biogas reactors based on textile materials for small farm biogas plants (30 to 75 kWel). Another goal is to design the construction method in such a way that this type of system can be built by farmers themselves after type testing on site. Operational insights were gathered from the laboratory plant with a 300-L digester volume, using cattle manure and clover grass silage. To adapt the system to the biogas reactor made of textile materials, the reactor was designed without a stirrer. These insights were considered in the design and approval procedure of the full-sized demonstration biogas plant made of textile materials. The full-size demonstration plant digesters underwent an approval procedure from local authorities, featuring treatment volumes of 120 m3 for the main biogas reactor and 550 m3 for the digestate reactor in an earth basin style. This new type of biogas plant could be built in small farms for self-sufficiency in electrical and thermal energy or for treating sewage sludge in small-scale communal wastewater treatment and biogas plants.

Mapping of community perspectives on land acquisition for biofuel investment in northern Ghana

We apply Q methodology, a model with a qualitative background, albeit with rigorous quantitative analysis, to map community perspectives (concerns, attitudes, beliefs, opinions, and perceptions) towards the acquisition of communal land for a biofuel project in northern Ghana. We extracted four community perspectives, in the order of importance as follows: (1) pro-biofuel project, but pessimistic (2) against the biofuel project (pro-environmental) (3) strong against and (4) optimistic. Taken together, the perspectives suggest the local people believe the biofuel project has no potential to improve their livelihoods, meanwhile, there is a consensus that the project destroyed trees of economic importance and provided poor working conditions for the local employees. We recommend (1) the establishment of enforceable economic and social contracts between the employees, local land users and the biofuel investors (2) direct monetary compensation for the affected communal land users (3) investigation of allegations of late or partial-payment of salaries of the biofuel project’s employees (4) future considerations for acquiring communal land should include broad community consultations and incorporate the local land users’ interests, concerns, and viewpoints and (5) the local bioenergy policy of the government of Ghana must include checks on communal land sale decisions, which directly or indirectly impact the welfare of the people.

P‐5.15: Spatial Multi Directional Local Compensation in 3D Display

P‐5.15: Spatial Multi Directional Local Compensation in 3D Display

Justice in Transitions: Are Farmers Owed Compensation in a Vegan Economy?

Abstract Should animal farmers be paid compensation for their loss of property when transitioning to a vegan economy? To answer this question, the following article compares the transition away from a carnist economy with the compensation paid when abolishing (human) slavery in the 19th century. Three arguments are considered to justify the direct compensation of lost human/animal property. This article argues that all three accounts lack the grounds to authorize compensation as just. Instead, an alternative principle is proposed that justifies supporting anyone made vulnerable during economic transitions, encompassing a wider group of individuals than former proprietors alone.