Diploma Projects Research Articles

Industry 4.0 технологияларын оқыту мақсатында Қазақстанда техникалық мамандықтар бойынша бакалаврларды даярлау үшін робототехникалық кешенін жасау (Әбілқас Сағынов атындағы Қарағанды техникалық университеті тәжірибесі негізінде)

The training stand «FESTO Mechatronic Line» is considered, which is located in the auditorium 126 of the Department of Automation of Production Processes of the Karaganda Technical University named after A. Saginov. The stand is the object of research of several diploma projects and dissertations of students and master students of the educational program «Automation and control». This training stand is designed to train intelligent robotic and mechatronic complexes in accordance with Industry 4.0 technologies and technical solutions based on university equipment. 4 technologies of the Industry 4.0 concept have been implemented at the «FESTO Mechatronic Line» training stand. The creation of such robotic complexes will allow teaching senior students and undergraduates of universities, as well as retraining and advanced training of engineers and specialists.

ВНЕДРЕНИЕ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА В ПРАКТИКУ ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЫ

The article provides an analysis of domestic and foreign publications on the use of artificial intelligence in higher education. The question of the possibility of using artificial intelligence technologies in higher education is raised. The possibilities and risks associated with the introduction of artificial intelligence into the educational process are noted. Among the main threats to the education system are issues related to the ethical use of technology, academic dishonesty on the part of students, a decrease in their motivation, ability to reason, and the emergence of intellectual laziness. The results of surveys of teachers and students devoted to the study of attitudes towards the possibilities of using new technologies in the learning process are presented. Students tend to have a more positive assessment of the use of artificial intelligence in higher education, while concerns, skepticism and fear are noted on the part of the teaching staff. Teachers assess their knowledge and skills in the field of artificial intelligence as insufficient and are ready to improve their skills in this area. The ambiguous attitude of the university administration to the use of artificial intelligence in writing scientific and diploma projects is shown, from a categorical ban on the use of these technologies to experiments on the best application in the form of competitions with incentives for students.

APPLIED DIRECTION OF THE STUDY OF HIGHER MATHEMATICS BY STUDENTS OF PROFES- SIONAL PRE-HIGHER EDUCATION

The article substantiates the need for a practical, professional focus of studying the course of higher mathematics by students of professional pre-higher education institution. The aim of the article is to highlight the ways of implementing the professional orientation of the content of mathematical disciplines in the education of students in various specialities of vocational higher education. Modern requirements for the development and reform of higher education require an increase in the professional competence of a bachelor’s graduate in each field of knowledge, the ability to creatively approach and find the solution to emerging professional tasks. Therefore, teachers of higher mathematics have the task of reorienting the teaching of the academic discipline with the use of professional problem solving. The purpose of the article is to highlight the ways of implementing the professional orientation of the content of mathematical disciplines in the training of students of professional pre-higher education in various specialties of the college. In connection with the rapid development of science and technology, the training of competent, competitive, and highly qualified specialists requires a high level of skills in applying mathematical apparatus in professional activities. Mathematics is the basis of studying physics, technology, general technical and special disciplines. At present, mathematical education has a significant impact on the formation of professional qualities of a modern specialist who is able to navigate the directions of development of modern science and methods of learning about the world around them, predict the impact of human production on society and the environment. Modern mathematics is used in the study of economic, humanitarian, biological, physical, technical and other phenomena. This is done by building a mathematical model. It takes into account all essential connections within the phenomenon. Under mathematical modelling we will understand the method of researching processes or phenomena by building their mathematical models and researching these processes. The applied direction of solving problems by students of various specialties is oriented towards future professional activity. This is an effective means of increasing learning motivation, and developing mathematical and professional competences. The results of the research are examples of practical problems of various sections of higher mathematics for students of economic and technical specialties. The applied nature of the given problems aims to combine the study of higher mathematics with special training of future bachelors and to give them the opportunity to gain experience in solving production problems, and to increase their professional competence. This is very important in times of fierce competition in the labour market. Conclusion. Practical skills and the ability to use the mathematical apparatus when solving applied, profession-oriented problems increase the motivation of students of higher and pre-higher education, and aid students to study other courses of professional disciplines, and do coursework and diploma projects, which will contribute to the maximum use of mathematical methods in the educational course of higher education mathematicians in the future professional activity. The obtained results open up prospects for further research in the following directions: development of methods of formation of skills to solve applied problems by students of various specialties, as well as strengthening integration links between fundamental and profession-oriented courses.

The role of mathematical knowledge in the development of critical and analytical thinking in students of technical university

Relevance. The labour market requires specialists with critical and analytical thinking skills. It is the study of mathematics that lays the foundations for the development of logical thinking, attention, and accuracy, starting from the school mathematics course. Purpose. The purpose of the study is the theoretical substantiation of the significance of the level of mathematical knowledge of students in the development of critical and analytical thinking skills. Methodology. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalisation of pedagogical experience; conversations; questionnaires; analysis of special and popular scientific literature; use of mathematical statistics methods in processing the results of experimental research. Results. Students in each of the presented specialities were assigned to control and experimental groups. The selected pedagogical conditions were introduced into the educational process of the experimental group, and the students of the control group were taught according to the standard teaching technology. As a result of the experimental verification of the effectiveness of the development of interest in the study of mathematics, positive results were obtained � the level of mathematical knowledge of the students of the experimental group was 9% higher than that of students using conventional technology. Evaluation of the level of critical and analytical thinking was carried out according to the developed criteria in three stages: the first � before studying mathematics in the 1st year, the second � after completing the mathematics course, and the third � before defending diploma projects. Results: at the first stage, there was no difference between the results of the control and experimental groups, at the second stage the difference was 5%, and at the third stage � 7.1%. Conclusions. Thus, the students of the experimental groups were able to demonstrate a higher level of critical and analytical thinking. Bachelors with a higher level of critical and analytical thinking will be more in demand in the modern labour market. Keywords: development of interest in mathematics; teaching mathematics; development of critical and analytical thinking; educational process of the university

Внедрение образовательной траектории для подготовки рабочих кадров в сфере судоремонта в Приморском крае

The use of educational technology, namely the educational trajectory, is considered on the example of the educational process at the Vladivostok Shipbuilding College in the specialty “Installation and maintenance of ship machinery and mechanisms”. This pedagogical technology is used throughout the entire training program for the training of a mid-level specialist in project activities, which completes each stage of training. During the entire period of four-year training, the future specialist studies various subjects, academic disciplines and professional modules. As part of the training, individual, course and diploma projects and works are used as the final stage of their development. The totality of all projects can be built into a single, but individual educational trajectory, which allows for training from the academic discipline “Introduction to the specialty” to the defense of the final qualifying work. The use of this pedagogical technology has made it possible to build a system of training middle-level specialists in such a way that a student can independently determine the vector of further development of both a specialist and a personality. The assessment of the application of this pedagogical technology based on the results of the state certification of students for a five-year period is presented. The results of the analysis of statistical data indicate the positive dynamics of the results of the protection of final qualification works, and also reveal the features of the results at key points. In general, the pedagogical technology under consideration has determined the possibilities of improving the methodological, material, technical, scientific base for the training of a mid-level specialist on the basis of the Vladivostok Shipbuilding College.

TRAINING OF ARCHITECTS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL ARCHITECTURE UNDER MARTIAL LAW

This article, as well as the two previous ones for 2021 and 2022, highlights the topics of bachelor's and master's theses completed at the Department of Landscape and Tourism and Recreation Architecture. The choice of topics for diploma projects is related to the extremely difficult period in the country and is aimed at finding answers to mostly social issues. The state of society during the war and what it will be like after the victory, how the demographic composition of the population will change, what will be most needed to be done in the first place, how young professionals are aware of the complexity of professional tasks in the future. A society that will be divided into many types according to the requirements for the space in which it will live, work, rest, etc. And this main task seems to us to have been successfully completed, because in all the projects, the main focus was on the person of a free and independent Ukraine, regardless of age, status, education, or profession. A person who is a small part of the society where they live, rest, work, respect history, appreciate nature, love others, care for others, and value everything they have inherited.
 Such works are the hallmark of the department, because all the life processes of the space in which a person lives will be created tomorrow by these graduates, and their teachers will continue to teach the next ones. And the department's theme will always be based on the search for concepts of combining history, nature and man - to remember, preserve, respect. In their works, the students respected the recreation of the disturbed symbiosis of architecture and nature. Preserving the natural resource as the main one for architectural creativity, trying not to repeat, but to try to understand natural creativity and variety of forms, so that a person can get maximum pleasure from being in such an environment without feeling like an alien element.
 The testing of the topic of socialisation of social processes has shown the importance and necessity of this approach - man, nature, architecture.

The poetics of the author's situativeness in the story "The Sisters of the Cross" by A.M. Remizov

The article is devoted to the consideration of the poetics of the author's situativeness in the story "The Sisters of the Cross" by A. M. Remizov. Methods (historical and literary, structural, semantic) and methodological basis of the research are the works of Russian and Western scientists in the field of philology (M. M. Bakhtin, B. O. Korman, Y. M. Lotman), Russian theology (N. O. Lossky, P. A. Florensky, L. I. Shestov) and remizology (I. A. Ilyin, Greta Slobin, A.M. Gracheva, E. V. Tyryshkina, etc.). The result of the work is that the situations in the story "The Sisters of the Cross" were highlighted, their classification and a detailed analysis of the poetics of the author's situativeness by A.M. Remizov were made. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the poetics of the author's situativeness is analyzed in detail within the framework of a global problem in the work of A.M. Remizov — the author's duality. All this allows us to conclude that the author's situativeness of A.M. Remizov is the author's individual view of the world order and man, it is a reflection of all the extra—textual factors that influenced the writer in different periods of his life and found artistic embodiment on the pages of the writer's works. The practical scope of the results of the work is seen in the possibility of using this material for deep understanding and studying such courses as "Literature of the Russian abroad", university historical and literary courses, during independent research work of students, when writing term papers and diploma projects.

Digital Transformation of a Course Design in the Context of Pandemic

Automation of technological design in the implementation of course and diploma projects sets the task of creating and introducing into the higher educational process the necessary systems capable of working with large amounts of information stored in structured databases. This task becomes much more difficult when developing course and diploma projects during a pandemic. The difficulty lies in the fact that one have to work not in the local network of the university but support remote work with students who are at their place of residence via the Internet using client-server technology. At the same time, the mode of authorization of each user and reliable storage of intermediate and final design results should be supported. Experience of using the T-FLEX system:the Technology integrated into the T-FLEX DOC’s electronic document management system is considered on the example of designing a technological process for machining a specific part. The stages of technological design are consistently described.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ РИСКОВ И РЕСУРСОВ АКТИВИЗАЦИИ ПРОЕКТНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ БУДУЩЕГО ИНЖЕНЕРА

The training of future engineers at the university includes a large number of design work related to the study of various disciplines of the curriculum throughout the entire period of study. In the junior years, students are loaded with projects of humanitarian content, and then they perform complex computational and graphic tasks of professionally oriented projects. The implementation of educational, research and research, innovative course and diploma projects is a mandatory completion of the study of cycles and modules of the general professional and professional components of the training program. It has been established that a large amount of spontaneous or ineptly organized independently project activity of a student causes organizational and technological risks of educational lag, educational difficulties, leads to unreasonable losses of the contingent. In order to study the causes of educational failure and search for resources to reduce it, surveys of future engineering students were conducted. It has been established that a significant impact on the decrease in the educational project activity of first-year students is exerted by the mismatch of ideas about the “free life” of the university and the realities of labor-intensive project activities at the university, the lack of formation of personal organizational and technological training skills. Time management technologies as one of the disciplines of the curriculum were used as organizational and technological resources for activating the project activities of the future engineer. In practice, the most effective was the analysis of typical mental traps. Repeated diagnostics of the manifestations of organizational and technological risks of project activities revealed a trend of their leveling, as well as an increase in student satisfaction with the achieved project results.

PROBLEMS OF THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FUTURE SPECIALIST IN THE HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS AT THE STAGE OF STUDYING AT AN INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article substantiates the strategy of improving the system of theoretical and practical training of hotel and restaurant bachelors in the conditions of a higher education institution. Based on the analysis of the current state of specialist training for the hotel industry, the trends determining its development were identified: training in accordance with the best global standards of service technologies; the priority of a client-oriented approach; increase in the importance of education, which takes into account the individual development of the student's personality; introduction of modern information technologies into education based on the use of computer networks, taking into account which technological training of students in the field of hotel and restaurant business will be carried out effectively.
 The model of technological training of students in the field of hotel and restaurant business is considered, which represents the formation of students' ability to design, implement, control and evaluate the results of the implementation of integral technological processes at the system level.
 The conditions aimed at improving the quality of technological training of students of higher education institutions in the field of hotel and restaurant business have been determined as follows: correlation of the content of technological training of students in the field of hotel and restaurant business with the requirements of employers; use of relevant educational literature; mutual integration of academic disciplines, increasing the time allocated to practice; integration with advanced hotel enterprises; conducting master classes by experts-practitioners; use of specialized educational and training classrooms; development of topical tasks for course and diploma projects. It is extremely important to provide methodological support for the technological training of students of higher education institutions in the field of hotel and restaurant business, which includes: educational and methodological complexes of disciplines, study guides, a program for organizing and conducting students' practice; methodical materials for students (workbooks for performing practical tasks in academic disciplines, methodical instructions for performing practice reports) and methodical recommendations for teachers.

Содержание и опыт реализации направления модельно-ориентированной разработки ракетно-космических систем в профильных учебных заведениях

One of the approaches to the formation of an end-to-end design and production and experimental environment in specialized educational institutions is considered - model-oriented development of rocket and space systems. This would make it possible to fill the deficit of highly qualified specialists of the enterprises of the rocket and space industry, primarily those, who are capable of developing fundamental architectural solutions for the created rocket and space technology. The disclosure is made for the content of the main tools of this approach. They are used to form a holistic understanding of the process of developing rocket and space systems. The tools items are the following: methods and tools of system engineering; integrated modeling of space missions and systems, as well as conceptual modeling, based on the targeted nature of training in binding to solving problems of specific space missions. The analysis of experience in the implementation of approaches in the educational process is carried out. The results are obtained demonstrating the effectiveness of the implementation of this approach. They are expressed in a qualitative increase in the level of the course and diploma projects of students, the development of skills in solving applied problems using modern software.

Design Creativity as the way of dealing with students’ stress in the context of the global pandemic challenge

In this publication we concentrate our attention on finding the ways for dealing with students’ stress during the COVID-2019 pandemic period and implementing them into the constant practice. In the design practice we can consider stress not only as negative, but also positive experience. We present our own experience that unites educational technologies in the design practice, the design-methods and some moments of the art therapy. We examine students’ diploma projects simultaneously as the design-product and the design-process that have anti-stress effect and are the method of harmonization of the students’ internal world in terms of the changeable medium. We consider different ways of art visualization as the mechanism of self-actualization, decrease of anxiety and dealing with depressive conditions. The work outlines the strategy of using design creativity as the way of overcoming and preventing the effects of stress factors during studying in the context of global pandemic challenges.
 Keywords: Anti-Stress Processes, Anti-Stress Products, Design Creativity, Design Thinking, Educational Technologies.

EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF STUDENTS OF THE ZHYTOMYR PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE 20-30S OF THE XX CENTURY: PRACTICES, FINAL CERTIFICATION

The purpose of the article is to show the place of pedagogical and industrial practices, internships, and diploma projects in the life of students of Zhytomyr Institution of Higher Education in the 20-30s of the twentieth century based on available scientific literature, archival sources, and materials from the periodicals of that time, to find out the number of graduates of this institution. The research methodology is based on the principles of concrete-historical approach or historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness and integrity, systematicity, as well as the use of the method of analysis and synthesis, historical-genetic, historical-typological, and problem-chronological methods. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time such directions of educational activity of students of the Zhytomyr Pedagogical Institution of Higher Education as practical training, annual internship, excursion activities, thesis writing, etc. are comprehensively demonstrated. Conclusions. During the 20-30’s of the twentieth century, in the Zhytomyr Pedagogical Institution of Higher Education attention was paid to students’ pedagogical and industrial practices, internships, excursions, and quality training of graduate students. Pedagogical practice was a vital component of teacher training. The authors note that an important component in teacher training was pedagogical practice. It reflected the peculiarities of Soviet pedagogical education, which focused on training "labor" intelligentsia. Foremost, it concerned such a component as experience/acquaintance with industrial and agricultural production. The trainees got acquainted with the work of different types of educational institutions, worked as assistants to teachers and educators, and in the third year independently conducted pedagogical work. An integral part of the students' educational activities was conducting general and educational excursions, students undergoing a one-year practical internship, during which they demonstrated the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in practice. As in our time, graduates demonstrated different levels of knowledge and skills. This fact did not stop the government from encouraging an increase in the number of graduates. Higher pedagogical education in the period under study gradually acquired signs of mass, which could not but affect its quality. The introduction of distance learning also benefited from the growing number of graduates. The best graduates were invited to teach. Further research is needed in the humanities programs of the outlined educational institutions, the topics of term papers, and graduate works, which will expand the understanding of the mechanisms of formation and education of the "real Soviet man".

The choice of finishing methods and cutting modes in the development of technological operations based on the analysis of data on the quality of the surface layer

In the article, the authors conducted a brief review of the quality indicators of the surface layer of machine parts with various methods of abrasive processing. Recommendations are given on the choice of cutting modes during grinding, recommendations are also given on the refinement of grinding modes based on measurement data in real production conditions. The application of the approaches presented in the article may vary depending on the situation and the current production conditions, it is useful in the implementation of the educational process in the relevant specialized areas of training specialists in the development of course and diploma projects.

СЕГМЕНТИРОВАНИЕ РЫНКА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПОИСКА ЦЕЛЕВОГО РЫНКА СТАРТАПА

The article is devoted to the widely known concept of "segmentation" as an economic category and a scientific method. At the heart of segmentation lies the division of the set of elements into subsets according to given criteria. Even here there is a purely technical, but problem point in explanation of the method to the young businessmen and students of educational institutions, working at their diploma projects and term papers. Considering product market segmentation to find a target market, it is important not only to master the technique of segmentation, but also to understand how to use this method and find a target market that will provide the necessary profit. This article discusses the technique of segmentation without using the apparatus of set theory and provides an overview of the problems that stand in the way of obtaining an effective target market.

Experimental architectural gestures in the diploma projects. The Romanian School of Architecture – the 1970s vs. the 2020s

Experimental architectural gestures in the diploma projects. The Romanian School of Architecture – the 1970s vs. the 2020s

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТОДА ХОЛЬТА-ВИНТЕРСА ДЛЯ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ГОСПИТАЛИЗАЦИИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ В ГОРОДАХ

The current situation of coronavirus infection necessitates the use of models and prediction methods for decision- making in a rapidly changing situation in large cities and towns. Due to the dynamics of the processes, it is necessary to use different models and forecasting methods for the development of the situation. The city of St. Petersburg is the object of study and an analysis of hospitalisation of patients is performed. St. Petersburg was chosen as the subject of the research. The presented research was carried out within the framework of the work "Mathematical modelling of logistic systems in medicine" during the performance of diploma projects on the assignment of St. Petersburg executive authorities in 2021. In the course of the study analytical data are collected, the city districts where the situation with transportation of patients to medical organizations is likely to be difficult to predict are identified, and the methodology of forecasting hospitalization of patients by ambulance cars is considered. In solving the problem of predicting the situation, forecasting methods in the class of polynomial models are used and the effectiveness of using the Holt-Winters method is justified.

Adaptation of the assessment system of the Olympiad to secondary vocational education

The main tasks of the Olympiad of diploma projects of the Federal Agency for Railway Transport are to improve the quality of training, develop the creative abilities of students, increase the interest of students and teachers in the development and improvement of the railway industry, and form highly qualified human resources. The practice of participation of branches (structural units) of secondary vocational education of the Irkutsk State Transport University shows that not all indicators can be achieved.The educational process in secondary vocational education is focused on preparing for practical activities in production. In accordance with federal state educational standards for secondary vocational education programs, a student must master general and professional competencies, acquire certain knowledge, skills and practical experience. It is proposed to make a number of changes in the system of evaluating the Olympiad of diploma projects in terms of criteria. The assessment system of the Olympiad must be adapted taking into account the possibilities of secondary vocational education to stimulate the participation of structural units in their conduct.

The importance of heritage conservation in architectural education at university level

The subject of the article covers analyses of the methods and effects of architectural and conservation education at the university level on the basis of the research results of the Erasmus+ SURE project and our own experience in creating and implementing conservation curricula at the Faculty of Architecture of Wroclaw University of Science and Technology. The observations concerning the works sent to the Professor Jan Zachwatowicz International Competition (ICOMOS Poland), in which master's diploma projects on the protection and restoration of architectural monuments were evaluated, were presented as a comparative material. It is a place of confrontation of the effects of teaching in the majors of architecture and heritage conservation, which shows differences in systems and methods of teaching at universities. This made it possible to draw conclusions regarding education in the specialization of architecture and urban planning as well as to outline necessary program changes, some of which were successfully implemented in Poland in 2020, by introducing a new core curriculum.

Modern Areas of Light and Colour Application in Architecture

The paper examines modern trends and techniques for the use of light and colour in architecture. The variety of existing approaches and technical capabilities in the light-colour organization of various types of spaces is systematized and presented in four areas: umbra (lat., illusion), spectrum (lat., spectrum), nuntius (lat., message), affectio (lat., mood). Each of those directions is characterized and illustrated with examples of actual and educational projects. The experience of Russia, Europe, and America since the mid-1980s is highlighted (the main examples are after 2000). Among the projects under consideration, there are objects demonstrated at international exhibitions (Expo 2015 in Milan, 58th Biennale of Contemporary Art in Venice 2019), large cultural centres (Louvre and the Musical Seine complex in Paris, Zaryadye Concert Hall in Moscow), virtual installations by the American bureau «Diller + Scofidio» for a number of public buildings, a competition project for the reconstruction of the Sukharev tower in Moscow, and diploma projects for the renovation of industrial territories - the former «Znamya Truda» plant in Moscow and the central part of the Moscow region town of Pavlovsky Posad. Simultaneously with the allocation of these four areas, a conclusion is made about the impossibility of their isolated existence. We are talking about the priority or emphasis of one of the directions (approaches) in a specific project, depending on environmental factors and the architect’s intention. A review of world experience allows us to conclude that lighting design and its artistic use turn space into an event, fill it with special dynamics and expressiveness, implement the communicative function of architecture, sharpening the emotionality of perception.