Development Of Marine Technology Research Articles

Results of a statistical study of types of single-phase faults in low-voltage ship electrical networks

The increase in the power supply of ships is manifested in growth of ship power plants' capacity, the total length of cable lines, and the number of electrified mechanisms. With the development of marine technology, the severity of the consequences of damage to ship electrical equipment and the costs of its maintenance and repair increase. The search for ways to improve the reliability and safety of electrical equipment should be based on design and technological solutions at the stages of its development and production, as well as an analysis of various factors that may appear during the operation of marine equipment and affect the condition of ship electrical systems. During studying these factors, it has been revealed that one of the common types of damage to electrical equipment of marine equipment is single-phase short circuits, the causes of which are varied. Preventing short circuits is labour intensive and in some cases impracticable. However, understanding the characteristics of this type of damage to low-voltage equipment is necessary to improve the reliability and safety of ship electrical systems. The conducted research is based on a survey of ship electrical mechanics. The results of the surveys have made it possible to analyze the frequency of occurrence of single-phase insulation faults, the duration of their existence, to identify the most likely places of occurrence of short circuits and equipment that is more susceptible to such damage compared to other elements of the electrical power system.

СУЧАСНІ МЕТОДИ МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ СУДНОВОДІЇВ

In recent years, the world fleet has changed significantly: new types of ships have appeared, this requires new constructive solutions, many functions that were performed by humans have been transferred to automation. A significant part of working processes on ships is automated, which led to an increase in shipowners' requirements for the qualification of specialists in maritime specialties. Contemporary heavy cargo sea vessels with high speeds can be operated only by highly educated specialists – professionals who have good shipboard training and own the latest methods and means of navigation. This fact largely determines the nature of the training of a modern navigator. Scientists rightly note that the main task of a higher maritime educational institution in the process of training ship navigators is to train specialists who are able and ready to manage modern technical means and a crew, navigate in various, including extreme, situations, and quickly make the right decisions. One cannot but agree with the opinion that despite the constant rapid development of marine technology, seafaring remains an area of increased danger for humans, and therefore a marine engineer must receive a fundamental education, which puts mathematical training in the first place. When considering the mathematical training of cadets of maritime higher educational institutions, it is necessary to take into account the individual abilities of each cadet. There is a need to correctly choose the way, form and methods of organizing educational activities in the process of forming and developing mathematical competence. Their understanding of the need for mathematical knowledge for successful professional activity. The article deals with the expediency of strengthening the mathematical component in the process of training higher education applicants of maritime institutions and presents innovative elements of teaching mathematical disciplines, the application of which in the educational process will make it possible to improve the quality of knowledge in mathematics, which is necessary in the professional activity of a modern navigator. Therefore, the relevance of the work is determined by the need for constant revision and improvement of the fundamental professional training of a modern navigator, in particular its mathematical component.

High-resolution spatial distribution of marine vessel emission and its significance in sustainable port air quality management: A case study of Port of Incheon

Emerging concern on shipping air emission and sustainable port management arises the necessity of appropriate guideline and perspective. Although estimation of vessel air emission using fuel consumption statistics has been broadly applied for national or regional emission inventory so far in many countries, it still requires further considerations to minutely understand how large emission is occurred in particular locations and periods. This study aimed to investigate the vessel PM10 emissions following activity-based estimation method to bring elaborated local air emission inventory and sustainable practices between marine infrastructure, technologies and port-city as a case study of Incheon, Republic of Korea. In consequence, certain amount of regional maritime PM10 emission around Port of Incheon was highlighted that 847 ton/year which would be more elaborate than the amount of fuel-based estimation method. Spatially distributed PM10 emission map in high-resolution (500m grid) was also available from activity-based estimation method which could be helpful to discover future implementations such as actual environmental impact assessment, policy making and mitigation technology development in a port-city. Therefore, the implications of this study would provide better perspectives and considerations on marine technology development, port-city management and environment improvement as guiding future works in various fields of ocean applications.

Research Progress of Test Methods for Unmanned Surface Vehicle in Complex Sea Conditions

Surface Vehicles are the product of the development of marine technology. As a new type of technical means, it has been widely used in the field of marine commissioning and defense. However, the testing technology of Unmanned Surface Vehicles is not comprehensive now, and in order to ensure the smooth progress of scientific research projects, testing is necessary, so testing technology is also a smooth part of scientific research projects. This article classifies the existing test research, summarizes the test and evaluation methods, summarizes the tests that have been carried out and speculates the tests that will be carried out in the future for the testing of Unmanned Surface Vehicles.

Forecasting Guangdong’s Marine Science and Technology, Marine Economy, and Employed Persons by Coastal Regions—Based on Rolling Grey MGM(1,m) Model

The development of marine scientific and technological innovation is an important force for realizing the high-quality development of the marine economy. The purpose of this paper is to predict the development trend of marine science and technology development, marine economy, and employed persons by coastal regions in Guangdong Province, and to give policy suggestions for the future direction of the development of marine technology in Guangdong. Considering the new information priority principle, this paper uses the data from 2011 to 2016 to predict the development trend of marine science and technology, marine economy, and employed persons by coastal regions in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2022 with the rolling RMGM(1,m) model. It is found that the level of marine science and technology and marine economy in Guangdong maintains stable growth, but marine science and technology capabilities still need to be strengthened. On the one hand, the research reveals the development trend of Guangdong’s marine science and technology innovation and marine economy, and it provides a direction for the high-quality development of Guangdong’s marine economy. On the other hand, the research confirms the validity of the MGM(1,m) model and enriches the research field of grey forecasting models.

АППАРАТНО-ПРОГРАММНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС ДЛЯ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ ДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ СТАБИЛИЗАЦИИ ПЛАВУЧИХ КОСМОДРОМОВ

The article presents the results of scientific research on the implementation of the sea launch of missiles using marine technology based in the waters of equatorial latitudes. The analysis of the current level of technical development of marine technology for rocket launches, the advantages of the technology of marine rocket launches are revealed. Results of aerohydrodynamic studies of floating spaceports. Design shortcomings of floating spaceports and ways to eliminate them have been found. The developed technology of stabilization of the floating spaceport, based on the Magnus effect.

PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF MARINE TECHNOLOGIES AS A MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ASPECT

Objective: We seek to understand the definition of marine technologies, placing it in the historical context of narratives of international law of the sea. We seek to analyze the criteria, conditions and principles of their transfer and the international legal framework and interstate practice. We seek to investigate the international legal regulation of the development and transfer of marine technologies in legal research. The authors consider the importance of facilitating the transfer of marine technology in relation to promoting marine scientific research which is reaffirmed by international agreements, including the Rio+20 outcome document: The future we want, and the outcome document of the third International Conference on Small Island Developing States as well as discussions on the Sustainable Development Goals, numerous UN General Assembly resolutions. Methodology: The research uses general scientific and special cognitive techniques wherein legal analysis and synthesis, systemic, formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal and dialectical methods are applied. Results: We found out that despite the fact that the UNESCO IOC Guidelines have clarified a number of provisions of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea concerning the development and transfer of marine technologies, this document needs revision. In particular, it is necessary to specify the criteria and terms for the transfer of marine technologies to both developed and developing states. It is not clear from the text of the document which technologies should be transferred free of charge or at a reduced cost to developing states and states with an unfavorable geographical position. We also point out the as part of the implementation of SDG 14, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission is charged with elaborating research capacity in marine scientific research and optimizing the transfer of marine technology to developing and least developed states. The research indicates that the modern international legal framework needs a revision. Contributions: Following a review of the content, we raised possible problems, strategies, suggestions and guidelines for the marine technologies.The authors come to the conclusion that promoting the development and transfer of marine technologies to developing states and states with an unfavorable geographical position is not only consonant with the SDGs, but is also one of the mechanisms for their implementation. The authors encourage the complement to the international legal regulation of the transfer and development of marine technologies. Keywords : Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission’s Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology. The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), protection and preservation of the marine environment, biodiversity. COVID-19.

Optimizing research funding allocation for marine sciences in the new era

As an important part of earth sciences, marine sciences are closely related to economic and social development, marine security, and global change. They are a source of knowledge for earth system sciences, an important basis for sustainable development, and underpin strategies of maritime power. This paper summarizes trends in the development of marine sciences and their main challenges in China. It is important to establish a sound subdiscipline of marine sciences to carry out original work, to obtain basic theoretical data, and to innovate for future development. The paper describes the trends in marine science funding allocation, and details some of the leading national basic marine science research around the world to provide context for the development of marine sciences in China. The paper reviews the succession process of basic research funding allocation. The discipline application code system of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), as the important framework of NSFC funding, determines the development of marine science research. It must be continuously updated and developed in accordance with the rules of development and the requirements of social services. Accurately determining the application codes is essential for the NSFC to allocate funding appropriately. In the 1980s and 1990s, the marine sciences were divided into eight subdisciplines. In 2008, the NSFC carried out a large-scale revision, and the marine sciences were divided into the current 11 subdisciplines. The paper introduces a new application code system for marine sciences and describes its development process. In the last ten years, marine sciences have developed rapidly, and the previous application codes could not adapt to the current development and trends in marine science and technology. Under the unified deployment and guidance of the Department of Earth Sciences of the NSFC, the Oceanography Group launched a systematic demonstration and overall redesign of the application codes of marine sciences in 2018. The aim was to better reflect the systematization, completeness, and progressiveness of the marine sciences system in the new era, to guide the direction of marine science research, and to promote the interdisciplinary, balanced, and coordinated development of marine sciences. Combining “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches, the group further analyzed the trends in the development of marine science research and carried out a systematic critical review. Considering the current situation and the challenges in achieving the coordinated development of marine science and technology and its social impacts, the group proposed a new version of the system comprising 15 application codes, covering three directions of “Branch Discipline”, “Supporting Technology”, and “Development Field”. “Branch Discipline” comprises six codes: D0601 Physical oceanography, D0602 marine chemistry, D0603 marine geology and geophysics, D0604 biological oceanography and marine biological resources, D0605 marine ecology and environmental science, and D0606 estuarine and coastal science. “Supporting Technology” comprises three codes: D0607 Marine remote sensing, D0608 marine physics, and observation and detection technology, and D0609 marine data science and information system. “Development Field” comprises six codes: D0610 Marine system and global change, D0611 marine engineering and environmental effects, D0612 marine disasters, and disaster prevention and mitigation, D0613 marine energy and resources, D0614 coordinated sea and land development, and sustainable development, and D0615 polar science. The updated system is forward-looking, coordinated, logical, and consistent, and better supports China’s basic marine science and major national requirements. Last but not least, the paper describes the Shiptime Sharing Project to support the Open Cruise Program, as well as an international cooperation network established by the NSFC. The trends in the development of these projects and future prospects are also discussed. The revision of the application codes has comprehensively organized funding for marine sciences in the new era. The new codes specify directions for the development of marine technology, and provide a means for the implementation of the national marine strategy through funding allocation. Basic marine scientific research will be better served by this optimized NSFC marine funding allocation system.

The Efficiency Analysis Model of Technological Innovation Resource Allocation of Coastal Enterprises Based on Genetic Algorithm

Sun, G.; Chen, H., and Mao, Y., 2020. The efficiency analysis model of technological innovation resource allocation of coastal enterprises based on genetic algorithm. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 691–695. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the continuous development of marine technology, the tasks of marine survey, exploration, navigation, transportation and development are becoming more and more serious. It is necessary to pay attention to the problem of planning resource allocation in coastal areas, so as to design a more reasonable resource allocation scheme. The traditional analysis model can only converge locally, resulting in the deviation of the analysis results of resource allocation efficiency. Therefore, the construction method of the efficiency analysis model of technological innovation resource allocation of coastal enterprises based on genetic algorithm is proposed. According to the relationship between fuzzy operator and fuzzy scale, this method calculates the carrying capacity of coastal environmental resources. In light of the prediction results of the dynamic demand forecast function of emergency resources, it sets the evaluation weight of the efficiency of technological innovation resource allocation of coastal enterprises. Based on the global convergence characteristics of genetic algorithm, it realizes the construction of the efficiency analysis model of technological innovation resource allocation of coastal enterprises. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional method, the model based on genetic algorithm has stronger convergence and can achieve global data convergence. It can be seen that the analysis results of this model accord with the reality and can be applied to the analysis of resource allocation efficiency at this stage.

Experimental study on mechanical properties and durability of basalt fiber reinforced coral aggregate concrete

With the development of marine technology, the potential of coral aggregate concrete (CAC) for use in the construction of reefs has been identified. However, the shape, surface structure, high porosity, and chloride-ion-carrying properties of coral aggregates yield special microstructures and affect the mechanical properties and durability of CAC. This study investigates the effect of basalt fiber (BF) on the mechanical properties, chloride content carried in coral aggregates, and water absorption of CAC. The results indicate that with the increase in fiber content, the mechanical properties and water absorption resistance of basalt fiber reinforced coral aggregate concrete present an increasing trend then followed decreasing trend. Furthermore, 0.05% BF yields the highest improving effect on the mechanical properties and water absorption resistance at 28 days. Compared with the reference concrete, the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of CAC with 0.05% BF increase by 9.87% and 1.36% at 28 days, respectively. When the fiber content continues to increase, the strengthening effect decreases, and cause adverse effects. The dissolution of chloride in coral aggregates was accelerated by 0.05% BF, while the chloride dissolution was inhibited by 0.1%–0.2% BF. Moreover, the microstructure of CAC is investigated to elucidate the enhancement mechanism of BF in terms of thermogravimetric analysis, theoretical total pore volume, fiber bonding performance, and fiber-matrix interfacial characteristics.

Contribution of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts to the Development of Marine Technology in Croatia

Contribution of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts to the development of marine technology in Croatia is described in this paper. Intensive research and development of marine technology in Croatia was initiated by Prof. Zlatko Winkler, fellow of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, in 1979 when the first Conference on Marine Technology was organized. Since 2005 the Conference on Marine Technology is organized by the Scientific Council of Maritime Affairs of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Faculty of Engineering in Rijeka in memory of Zlatko Winkler (1917 – 1996), president of the Scientific Council of Maritime Affairs between 1994 and 1996. Grateful for his contribution to the research and development, the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts continuously and generously supports the conference organization. Until today in total seven Conferences on Marine Technology were organized. As pointed out in the paper, the most important contribution of the Academy to development of the marine technology is organization of round tables on this challenging topic.

Collision Avoidance of Podded Propulsion Unmanned Surface Vehicle With COLREGs Compliance and Its Modeling and Identification

With the development of marine technology, the research of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) has received wide attention from the world. Designing effective collision avoidance algorithm in dynamic sea environment is necessary for the navigation of USVs. This paper describes a collision avoidance system (CAS) with COLREGs compliance to improve autonomous navigational ability of USV. For small podded propulsion USV, a three-DOFs maneuvering model is established and the parameters of model are determined by the parameter identification method based on field experiments. About the COLREGs rules, the different maneuvering behaviors are summed up according to encounter situation and collision risk assessment. In the CAS, finite control set model predictive control is adopted, and COLREGs rules are taken as an evaluation standard in the quality function. Finally, the system is verified to avoid multiple dynamic obstacles and compliance vessel in the simulation and real environment, and the results of collision avoidance under four encounter situations are described in detail.

The Scottish Marine Robotics Facility: Use of unmanned vehicles for environmental measurement, monitoring and decision making

Abstract: Advances in marine technology are essential to allow us to study the marine environment on which life on our planet depends. The Scottish Association for Marine Science is the world’s largest independent marine research organisation with a long history in marine technology development. In 2015, the institute announced the opening of its new marine robotics facility. The facility pools together a broad range of technology’s spanning deep sea, coastal, surface and aerial platforms. The facility specialises in the integration of new and novel technologies into fundamental marine research to improve measurement, monitoring and decision making. Each case study presented in this paper highlights the importance of autonomous systems within marine research the diversity of applications being developed within the robotics facility, and the significance of science communities working in conjunction with technology developers to test, evaluate and support autonomous system development.

Research and Experiment on Energy Supplement Technology for Underwater Marine Instruments Based on Tidal Current Energy

At present, with the gradual development of marine technology, application of marine monitoring instruments is becoming increasingly wide, for which there are more and more types of such instruments, and an increasing amount of electric energy is thus consumed. Continuous working period of such instruments and the further extension of their functions are obviously restricted by the link of electric energy supplement. Tidal current energy is a renewable energy in abundant reserve. In this paper, an electric energy supplementing device for drag-type marine monitoring instruments based on electricity generation with tidal current is designed, and its good functions are proved through water tank experiment, for which it can provide energy supplement to marine monitoring instruments.

Chemo‐mechanical reliability of metallic materials in deep ocean environments — Part 1

The full development of marine technologies for the industrial exploitation of deep‐sea resources requires the availability of exhaustive engineering data on the degradation of constructional materials when immersed at great length in ocean environments. An overall review of behavioural figures from reliable sources allows to point out major weaknesses and uncertainties with candidate alloys and consequent demands for ameliorative and innovative investigation. Prominent objects of research can be envisaged, accordingly, in: (i) formulating low‐alloy steels whose surface is chemically convertible (by suitable pretreatments or free corrosion itself) so as to abate the rate of oxygen cathodic reduction i.e. the current density required for cathodic protection; (ii) singling out high‐strength steels whose resistance to corrosion‐fatigue and hydrogen embrittlement is in proportion to the strength level; (iii) developing cheaper alternatives to high‐molybdenum stainless alloys resistant to localised corrosion; (iii) combining (in optimal composites) the outstanding resistance of titanium to saltwater corrosion and the low‐cost good mechanical properties of steels.

Tecnomare activities in the field of locomotion on the seabed

THE activity of Tecnomare, a company for development of marine technologies, consists of carrying out projects of applied research and industrial development in off-shore fields. One particular activity concerns the design, construction and subsequent trials of remote operated vehicles, amongst them vehicles for burying electrical cables and submarine pipelines. The choice made by Tecnomare right from the beginning was to move the vehicle on the seabed, without stressing the pipes or the cable to be buried. The problem of soil-vehicle interaction, in a difficult environment where the soil bearing capacity is very low, has, therefore, been tackled.

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

In retrospect, even prior to entry into force of the Convention on Nov. 16, 1994, the Convention has in fact had major impact on the way nations and their constituents conduct activities on, above, and under the planet's waters. Establishment and recognition of territorial sea limitation and the EEZ by over 100 coastal states to date, as well as the concepts promulgated within the Convention for Innocent Passage, Transit Passage, traffic through straits and archipelagic states, have all been and are continuing to be followed. The living and non-living resources regimes and their application post entry into force is still remaining to be seen as to its impact upon ongoing and future practices. Protection and preservation of the marine environment, marine scientific research issues, and boundary dispute problems are all being conducted under the umbrella of this Constitution of the Seas. Other ocean related activities such as rights of land locked geographical states, development of marine technology, archaeological and historical objects found at sea, and similar collateral issues are also provided for. The Law of the Sea Convention has in effect touched us all, and its role in future peaceful development and coextensive uses of the seas for transportation, resources, recreation, scientific research and support of life on planet earth will certainly be felt throughout the world.