Chemo‐mechanical reliability of metallic materials in deep ocean environments — Part 1

Abstract

The full development of marine technologies for the industrial exploitation of deep‐sea resources requires the availability of exhaustive engineering data on the degradation of constructional materials when immersed at great length in ocean environments. An overall review of behavioural figures from reliable sources allows to point out major weaknesses and uncertainties with candidate alloys and consequent demands for ameliorative and innovative investigation. Prominent objects of research can be envisaged, accordingly, in: (i) formulating low‐alloy steels whose surface is chemically convertible (by suitable pretreatments or free corrosion itself) so as to abate the rate of oxygen cathodic reduction i.e. the current density required for cathodic protection; (ii) singling out high‐strength steels whose resistance to corrosion‐fatigue and hydrogen embrittlement is in proportion to the strength level; (iii) developing cheaper alternatives to high‐molybdenum stainless alloys resistant to localised corrosion; (iii) combining (in optimal composites) the outstanding resistance of titanium to saltwater corrosion and the low‐cost good mechanical properties of steels.