Development Of Innovative Activities Research Articles

Prerequisites for the Development of the Innovation Activity of Enterprises in the Conditions of the Digital Economy

The article deals with the essence of the digital economy on the basis of research of theoretical approaches, their systematization from the point of view of introduction of information resources and platforms, and from the viewpoint of introduction of qualitative changes in production relations. The conclusions state that the innovative activity of enterprises in the period of digital transformation of the economy is a system of measures aimed at supporting the innovative activity of enterprises in order to achieve long-term goals of their operation, connected with the implementation of innovative methods of work, which contribute to ensuring the production and competitiveness. The digital economy contributes to the commercialization of current knowledge of enterprises, technologies and equipment. The prerequisite for their efficient functioning is the development of innovative activity of enterprises, which contributes to the development of innovative products with new qualities and reduces the diffusion of innovation. In the context of the digital economy, support for the innovation activity of enterprises plays an increasingly important role in ensuring the functioning of complex production and economic systems, which is the enterprise. The implementation of the suggested approach to the development of innovative activity of the enterprise requires significant accounting for specific accumulated knowledge and is more mobile to change information in the decision-making process.

Formation of mechanisms for the development of innovative activity in the industrial production of the Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the formation of mechanisms for the development of innovative activity in the industry of Russia. The paper identifies factors that impede the transition of industrial production to an innovative development path, among which the authors highlighted a drop in investment in the Russian economy, a lack of staff and an imperfection of infrastructure support, and a decrease in the commercial interest of industrial enterprises. Based on the results, a system of innovative development of industrial production was proposed, which consists in a balance of negative and positive factors, as well as the need for the participation of the private sector, government agencies and public institutions in shaping the prerequisites for the transition of the economy to an innovative development path. In conclusion, the study presents the main findings and results of the work.

Forming the Management System of Enterprise Innovative Activity: Theoretical Aspect

In the modern realities of the development the transition to digital economy is impossible without the innovation component. Recognizing the importance of innovative development and, accordingly, increasing competitiveness of Russian enterprises, regions and the country as a whole determines the relevance of studying innovation management. The purpose of this work is to systematize the results of theoretical analysis of tools for the formation and development of the enterprise innovation management system. The study justifies the interaction of management functions, the main objects involved in the management of innovation, identifies relevant to these objects of business processes, the assessment of system and process approaches in terms of building a management system. The main research methods are applied methods of scientific knowledge, comparison, analysis, system, process approaches. As the main results of the study, the organizational and economic model of the innovation management system at the enterprise is formed. The developed concept of the management system reflects the necessary areas of work in the field under study, performed by subjects of different levels through the implementation of these functions, and also takes into account the impact of the external and internal environment of the enterprise on innovation. The paper determines expected results of implementing the organizational and economic model of the management system for the development of innovative activity of the enterprise.

THE ROLE OF PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATION IN THE ACTIVITY OF THE MODERN HEAD OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTION

The article reveals the issue of pedagogical innovation and its role for the head of the general secondary education institution in view of the developing his creativity. Pedagogical innovation is considered to be a set of pedagogical ideas, approaches, methods, technologies of education, which have not yet been presented in modern educational sphere, as well as a set of elements which contains a new and effective (comparatively to the previous ones) awareness of teaching methods and educational achievements and, what is even more important, empowers tools to enable an educator to solve the issues in today’s rapidly changing educational environment. It is revealed that the head of the general secondary education institution needs a large set of varied management skills: ability to set goals, define the objectives, design and plan the work of the education institution, organize the educational process, diagnose, analyze, monitor the educational process and make decisions, self-management skills, readiness for self-development, problem-solving skills, creativity, ability to influence people, management of teaching, capability to work in a team. The examples of the problem implementation are the facts presented in the article as following: the introduction of pedagogical staff advanced training courses into the content of the curricula of the Institutes of postgraduate pedagogical education, which aimed at the professional development of pedagogical workers regardless of their specialty (courses as teaching activity game; integrated courses as a model educational game; distance consulting courses for training the teacher-investigator; for the lecturers of higher education institutions of the I-II levels of accreditation; training courses of innovative activity development of the education institutions, which are commissioned by the education institutions and are held at their base). It is recommended that during the in-between certification period, teachers should be involved in the innovation environment at schools of innovation for management, scientific and pedagogical staff of the postgraduate education institutions. The task of each head of the general secondary education institution is to activate the own creative abilities and the creative abilities of every teacher of the general secondary education institution; to direct its activity in the direction of achieving concrete innovative results. And for this it is necessary to create conditions in which the creative potential of the employee could be revealed to the greatest extent and there would be a stable need for hard and productive work. In this case, it is important for the manager to take into account not only the personal abilities of pedagogical staff, but also their own creativity, personal motives, needs, interests, priorities, individual opportunities.

CURRENT STATE OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE

The development of human civilization is characterized by the evolutionary nature of transformations. The driving force behind this process has always been innovation. They are the main tool for coping with crisis phenomena, the emergence of which signals the need for change. Transformational processes of the world economy have an innovative nature: with global innovations the continuity of technological processes is involved, which causes fundamental changes in the system of socio-economic relations. The problem of development of innovation activity is especially relevant for Ukraine in the context of its integration into the world economy and the course of socio-economic transformation processes in the state. The formation of an effective innovative economy is the main means of ensuring balanced socio-economic development and the acquisition of appropriate positions. Research on innovation and innovation is developing dynamically. Foreign and domestic scientists and practitioners believe that one of the main factors of economic development is innovation and innovation. Innovation is recognized as a leading factor in socio-economic growth. Thanks to innovations, science has become a major productive force, and knowledge is a major asset. The development of individual settlements, cities, countries and whole regions of the world is directly related to certain types of activities that are decisive at one or another of its stages. The experience of the developed countries of the world shows that the development and stimulation of innovation activity is a guarantee of economic growth of both the individual enterprise and the economy of the country as a whole. Continuous innovation process is a condition for ensuring high competitiveness of both individual companies and national economies. Increasing the innovation activity of enterprises and intensifying the production of innovative products today is a condition of social and economic well-being in each state. Innovation activity is a key factor in increasing the efficiency of production, one of the components of the successful operation of the enterprise, therefore the intensification of the dynamics of economic growth of Ukraine’s economy implies the innovation of industrial enterprises. Consequently, the article thoroughly explored the peculiarities of development and financing of innovation activity in Ukraine, and suggested ways of activating innovation activity in the regions of Ukraine and directions of improving its financial support. Key words: innovation, innovation activity, intensification, state innovation policy.

DISPROPORATIONS AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY OF REGIONS OF UKRAINE AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS

To analyze the structural changes in the economy of the regions of Ukraine, the trends of increasing territorial imbalances, to formulate directions for balancing structural imbalances, the development of innovative activities in the regions. Method. Research Methods: Integral, Indices, Formalization, Modeling, Economic Analysis. Scientific novelty. The recommendations of the use of new mechanisms at the state and regional level to achieve a balance in structural imbalances and the development of innovative activities in the regions are proposed. Practical significance. The results of the study and recommendations are included as proposals for the draft “State Strategy for Regional Development for the Period until 2027”.

FORECASTING OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY DEVELOPMENT AT THE HIGH-TECH ENTERPRISES

The article is devoted to the research of scientific prediction, or foresight, for forecasting of innovative activity development of high-tech enterprises. The general technology of foresight research is described. The application purposes and directions of such technology in the study of innovative activity of domestic high-tech branches are singled out. The foresight procedure at high-tech enterprises is developed.

Methods and approaches for evaluation of economic efficiency of public-private partnership in the investment-innovation activity development

The article defines the preconditions for the efficient assessing the economic effectiveness of public-private partnerships in terms of investment and innovation activities (the need to identify the existing limitations of such assessment, which can help in achieving social, economic, informational, legal and other types of effects; the need to identify the genuine value added of a public-private partnership entity creation/improvement (it is about the utility for public and private partners and other stakeholders); the need to implement in the public-private partnership projects those options that will maximize the expected effects, taking into account regulatory constraints and the minimum cost of resources involved; the need to compare the expected and actual effects of the public-private partnership project). The risks of public-private partnership projects are identified and characterized, including those identified by the current regulatory framework (level of product demand, investment costs, operating expenses, operating income, financing conditions and discount rates, taxes and contributions, as well as currency courses and price dynamics). Methodological provisions on quantification of public-private partnership risks are presented. The main methods and approaches to assessing the cost-effectiveness of public-private partnership in terms of investment and innovation activities were displayed (classical financial methods, qualitative analysis tools, probabilistic methods, portfolio analysis, project approach, budgetary approach, qualitative, financial or combined models). Traditional financial techniques in the field of such economic efficiency estimation are considered (profitability index, payback period, internal and average rate of return, level of investments profitability, etc.). Listed are the so-called new practical guidelines aimed at assessing the cost-effectiveness of public-private partnerships in terms of investment and innovation activity, in particular: Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), C/SCSC (Cost/Schedule Control Systems Criteria – cost-time diagnosis), IT Scorecard (Modified Balanced Scorecard Application (taking into account known public-private partnerships projections of a balanced scorecard), Activity Based Costing (ABС - applying functional and value analysis), Applied Information Economics (AIE), Total Economic Impact (TEI), Total Value of Opportunities (TVO), Rapid Economic Justification (REJ). It is summarized that theory and practice have formed many methods and approaches to evaluate the economic efficiency of public-private partnership in the conditions of investment and innovation activity development. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages, as well as clearly defined conditions of practical application. Two or more of these approaches should be used to make more substantive conclusions on the cost-effectiveness assessment.

Assessment of factors affecting innovation policy in biotechnology

Nearly three decades have passed since the new knowledge and technologies like genetics and biotechnology have emerged. By passing through various periods in which labor force, resources and capital, each one at a certain time, have been comparative and competitive advantages for a more powerful economy, biotechnology is one of the advanced technologies that countries are investing in, in order to achieve sustainable development in the current century. The capabilities of this knowledge are the creation of fundamental and gradual innovations, in addition to the several applications that generate wealth for countries. For this purpose, innovation policies in biotechnology have been addressed here. This study draws on the resource based theory and examines the research development polices, international-corporate collaboration policies and government supportive innovation policies. The statistical population of this study consisted of 165 responses from the directors and experts active in the field of biotechnology industry in Iran (pharmaceutical, food and agriculture). Research hypotheses were tested using SMART PLS software. The results of the research revealed that research development polices, international corporate collaboration policies and government supportive innovation policies have a significant impact on the development of biotechnology innovation activities. In addition, we have discussed the implications of the study as well as given some future directions.

The Impact of Venture Capital Funds on Innovative Activities: The Case of European Union Countries

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to assess the extent to which venture capital funds can affect the development of innovative activities in selected European Union countries. This is important from the point of view of the development of a country that strives for rapid economic development by raising the level of innovation. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses the DEA method belonging to the group of non-parametric decision-making methods (DMU), which was used to demonstrate the role of venture capital funds in the development of innovative enterprises. In this study, the DEA methodology was used to create a ranking of EU states (decision-makers) by determining the effectiveness of innovation activities. Efficiency in nonparametric methods is defined as the relation of actual productivity to the greatest possible productivity. Statistical data comes from The Invest Europe Yearbook and covers the years 2010-2015. Findings: Thanks to this method, the degree of effectiveness of individual European Union countries in using venture capital funds to develop innovative activity was measured. It has been confirmed that there is a noticeable difference between EU countries in the use of risk capital. The results confirm the assumption that venture capital funds operate most effectively in the most innovative economies of the EU. Practical Implications: The results of the study may have practical application and serve as an instrument of innovation policy, industrial policy to prevent or quickly detect imperfections in the use of vc in the development of innovation activities of individual countries. Originality/Value: The article indicates the methods and scope of acquiring knowledge on the use of venture capital funds in EU.

Mechanisms of activation of innovative development

Purpose. The aim of the article is determined on the basis of a systematic approach and generalization of theoretical and scientific-practical approaches of discovering conceptual bases of formation of mechanisms and determination of economic interpretation of the process and stages of innovative development for the transition from low- to high-tech innovation economy. Methodology of research. Historical, systemic and logical-dialectical approaches have been applied to achieve this goal; the following methods are used: abstract and logical – in setting the goals and objectives of the study; analytical and monographic – when studying literary sources, legislative or other normative legal acts and practices of mechanisms of innovative development; by means of the comparative method the differences in the mechanisms of realization of the state innovation policy of Ukraine and the countries with developed market economy are determined; systematization – at systematization of mechanisms of innovative development of enterprises; statistical and economic – when collecting and processing statistical data; analysis and synthesis – to develop directions for improving the innovative development of enterprises. Findings. Conceptual bases of formation of mechanisms of innovative development of the enterprises are revealed and theoretical and scientific-practical approaches to economic interpretation of the process of innovative development are determined. The essence of innovation development as a systematic management of innovation activity, aimed at shaping and ensuring achievement of economic growth through rational use, increasing and distribution of innovative and economic and technological potential at different stages, namely: in the process of creation and transfer of innovations, development of mass production and financial mechanisms and commercialization of development, legal protection and use of intellectual property objects and establishment of Ukrainian relations Certain innovators with partners, creating favorable conditions for retaining specialists. Originality. It is determined that one of the main tasks of innovative development is to increase the level of innovation activity, which to a certain extent depends on the structural elements of the national innovation ecosystem and stages of innovation development. The scientific and methodological approaches of formation of mechanisms of innovative development are improved, on the basis of consideration of functional connections, ensuring rational use of resources, obtaining synergistic effect of contractual relationships and aggregate investments. Practical value. Formed mechanisms to ensure the activation of innovative development as an orderly set of institutional settings include defining the goals, objectives, increasing the ability to solve problems and attracting investment to ensure the effectiveness of innovation, which allows economic entities to achieve strategic development goals, solve problems of ensuring effective interaction of the state science and business to innovate, and as a systematic process that implements a competitor no benefits, ensuring sustainable growth, improve the quality and standard of living by harmonizing the interests of its members. Key words: conceptual foundations; innovative development; mechanisms; enterprises; potential; stages; strategy; transfer; activation.

Improvement of investment activity in ensuring high rates of economic growth

In this article, organizational and economic mechanisms and peculiarities of improving investment activity in ensuring high rates of economic growth and expanding the scope of investment in the relevant sectors and sectors of the economy include modernization, technical and technological renovation of production, production, agriculture, transport and communications and others. the process of pursuing an active investment policy aimed at the implementation of social infrastructure projects has been thoroughly analyzed. Scientific and methodological aspects of stimulating the development of innovative activities based on increasing investment activity in the sectors of the economy are described.

Analysis of innovative activities of small and medium-sized enterprises as fundamentals of their sustainable economic development

This article seeks to address the pressing issue of developing the innovative activity of the domestic economy through the use of the potential of small and medium-sized enterprises, which has to do with the possibility of application of existing experience of the more developed foreign countries in order to achieve economic success. The purpose of this study is to examine the trends in the development of innovative activity of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine, as well as to determine the distribution of the total amount of expenditures by areas of innovation. Analysis of the literature on this issue has shown that the economic development of a country depends on many factors, and the use of intellectual potential is quite a significant factor in modern society. The relevance of this issue is supported by the fact that the majority of developed countries that have high levels of national income and are distinguished by the quality of life of the population are introducing the latest innovative inventions and using them appropriately in: production, agriculture, trade and other fields of activity. The research of the development of innovation activity of small and medium-sized enterprises in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: analysis of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine, analysis of small and medium-sized enterprises of EU countries, evaluation and comparison of innovation activity of Ukraine and EU countries. The methodical tools of the study included methods of statistical analysis. The study period was 2010-2018. The object of analysis is the process of development of innovation activity of small and medium-sized enterprises, as they are the majority of enterprises in Ukraine. The article presents the results of the analysis of the state of innovation the activity of small and medium-sized enterprises, which showed that our country needs significant transformation in this direction. Studies show that increasing the turnover and the production of small and medium-sized enterprises depends on the level of innovative development. The results of the study may be useful for small and medium-sized enterprises.

Innovation and Investment Activities in Ensuring the Sustainability of the Functioning and Development of Agricultural Organizations

The study of the process of investment of innovative activities aimed at the internal development of organizations of the agro-industrial complex (agro-industrial complex) in order to obtain a sustainable profit in the medium and long term or other useful effect is relevant in modern economic conditions. The purpose of the work is to determine the value of innovation and investment activities in ensuring the sustainability of the functioning and development of agricultural organizations. The main results of the study were obtained and justified using General scientific methods: ascent from abstract to concrete, comparative analysis, the method of terminological analysis. The qualitative theory of differential equations is used as special tools. Research of stability of innovation and investment systems is based on the classical provisions of the General theory of stability of movement. The essence of functioning and development of innovative and investment activity of the organizations of agrarian and industrial complex as open system is analyzed. It is confirmed that the functioning internally generates development, determined the content of sustainable development for innovation and investment system of agricultural organizations, which reflects the economic, social and environmental results of development. Scientific and methodological provisions concerning the issues of functioning and development of agroindustrial complex organizations, taking into account their specificity, are expanded, which leads to an integrated approach to ensuring.

Innovation in Russia: regional and industrial aspects

The article is of an analytical and analytical nature and is based on information prepared in the course of desk research. Secondary data from the Internet is used, including from the website of the Federal State Statistics Service. The review made it possible to consider the current state of affairs in the field of innovation management in the Russian Federation, to make comparisons on individual indicators in territorial and sectoral contexts. The main problems and possible ways of development of innovative activity are revealed; the role of the state in the development of innovative policy of the country, regions, specific industries and enterprises is shown.

ACTUALITY OF INVESTMENT-INNOVATION PROCESSES AT THE MODERN STAGE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The article examines existing approaches to defining the categories of "investment activity" and "investment portfolio"; The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches have been analyzed and the most complete and optimal, in the author's opinion, interpretation of the categories under consideration are given. A method of organizing the interaction of investment and innovation activities in entrepreneurship is also proposed. The author has created a universal and effective mechanism for implementing the investment-innovation process of an enterprise, which should be used in the development of strategic policy of any enterprise. The current state of innovation and investment activity in Ukraine was analyzed in the course of the research. The research revealed clear deficiencies in investment and innovation policy at domestic enterprises and identified the causes of their occurrence. Modern investment-innovation activity of enterprises is presented only at the initial stage of its development, requires an increase of state participation of both financial and organizational character. The directions of expansion of financial support of innovative activity of enterprises should be maximally diversified both from the point of view of the mechanisms of implementation and from the point of view of finding the appropriate sources of resources. Against this background, it is important to identify the conditions and constraints that affect the choice of sources of funding for innovation, which may be the subject of further research. With regard to the implementation of the investment-innovation process in Ukraine, there is a shortage of financial resources to support research and implementation of innovative developments. The result of the innovation activity development in Ukraine is not high enough and the degree of its implementation at the enterprises is insignificant. The introduction of the investment-innovation process is a necessary and effective tool in entrepreneurial activity, because it stimulates the development of firms, and as a consequence - this achieves the desired economic (or social) effect. This process typically covers two complex categories: investment and innovation. It is their direct interaction in entrepreneurship that enables them to actively expand production, increase profits, upgrade fixed assets and more

Development of innovative activity of information and advice services based on crowdsourcing

Enhancement of agricultural production’s efficiency significantly depends on whether achievements of science and advanced practice are applied in activity of the industry’s enterprises. Presently, one of the most important organisational structures intended to provide new knowledge to agricultural enterprises is information and advice services. The article shows the necessity to specify functions of information and advice services as well as their orientation at distribution and mastering of innovation by agricultural enterprises when transiting from economy of the industry to innovative model of development. The role of crowdsourcing as a tool for development of innovative activity of information and advice services has been determined. The main directions for application of crowdsourcing in order to develop innovative activity of information and advice services have been revealed. The most important stages of a crowdsourcing project have been identified.

The Development of Innovative Activities in High Edsucation

Changes in modern high education of the Russian Federation have occurred within recent years. They were caused by new demands of the state and society as well as innovations in economy. In modern higher education there is a need for the development of innovation and its continuous improvement. In modern realities, each higher education institution faced a task that is extremely difficult to solve. It consists in the development and implementation of the latest innovative information and educational environment. The electronic environment of a high educational institution expands educational opportunities, raises the level of educational services, therefore today the issue of the development of electronic activities in an educational institution is so urgent. The purpose of the article is to develop a question concerning introduction of e-learning in high education. For this purpose, a model of methodological support of innovation activity in electronic environment was developed. It allows increasing the level of electronic environment development and the quality of students’ education in general. Based on it, we have developed recommendations for the introduction of e-education in high education.Experimental verification of the model methodological support of innovative activities in electronic environment showed that the willingness of teachers to use electronic environment has increased significantly. The research can be used in the further development of higher education electronic environment.

Strategie Dimension of Innovation

The article presents the conceptualisation of one of the aspects of the strategie dimension of innovation: the choice of the method (strategy) of innovation activities carried out by enterprises. Two types of strategic decisions are discussed: the strategy of developing innovation and the decision of an already innovative enterprise choosing the way of further development of innovation activities. Original proposals of strategy models are presented against the background of innovation strategy models described in literature, and the method of their identification is illustrated using case studies of five Polish innovation enterprises.

METHODOLOGICAL BASES FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

The objective of this paper is to create methodological bases for the sustainable development of underground infrastructure projects with account of certain factors to substantiate elasticity and stability, when conducting technological processes on the underground space development. The analysis of modern methods and tooling for the formation of the urban designing system with the implementation of mixed-use schemes in Ukraine, made it possible to determine that the project financing is a promising form of the capital investment into the most profitable sectors of the state economy or into private business. The analysis of modern methods of planning and designing of urban infrastructure systems has made it possible to substantiate the promising directions for development of the underground space use with application of the innovation model of sustainable development through the implementation of designated programs of high-tech modernization and renovation of the economic complex. Based on the analysis of modern planning methods for infrastructure facilities, an innovation system of the country is proposed, which is being formed by stages in order to create sustainable urban designing with the implementation of mixed-use schemes with a high density in Ukraine, and with subsequent steady functioning of this infrastructure. The practical relevance is in the definition of universal innovation policy, as a combination of basic principles and directions for creating the effective state mechanisms of market relations, as follows: formation of the regulatory and legal framework in the field of innovation activity; ensuring the interaction between science, education, production, financial and credit sphere in the development of innovation activities; technology transfer and financial support. The scheme for the regulatory innovation mode has been substantiated by means of which the economic growth in the country is stimulated within the framework of the appropriate established system of incentives and constraints.