Development Of Innovative Activities Research Articles

Юнит-экономика в секторе молодежного предпринимательства: принципы, методы реализации

Basic problem: the Republic of Kazakhstan is a platform for implementing innovative projects in all spheres of the economy, providing the younger generation with resource centers, technological parks, agricultural equipment, industrial technologies and scientific and educational complexes. The main goal of such actions is to activate scientific research, increase the technological potential of the industrial sectors of the national economy, and stimulate the development of innovative activities in the field of research and development. The problems of developing an entrepreneurial culture are a cornerstone issue that combines a combination of motivational principles for generating and promoting ideas, activating youth entrepreneurship as the flagship of the future economy, and a complex epidemiological situation in the world that hinders not only the development of entrepreneurship, but also the course of all socio-economic processes in society. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of youth entrepreneurship and find ways to solve them in accordance with the principles and methods of implementation, including the unit economics. Methods: the research Area focuses on economic modeling techniques that are successfully used in international practice to determine the profitability of business models, taking into account the effect of the production of a unit of goods / services or a single client / customer. The implementation of this approach is facilitated by the use of traditional methods of scientific research, such as analysis, comparison, and a graphical method for visualizing the results obtained; quantification method and parametric method as an evaluation tool that allows formalizing the procedure for evaluating the performance of unit economics models. Results and their significance: when considering business models in relation to youth entrepreneurship, attention is paid to the skills and competencies that students who study the disciplines of the entrepreneurial block in higher education receive. The proposed methods of unit economics are actively used in the development and promotion of startups, as an integral part of business plans. It is concluded that youth business has started to play a crucial role in solving socio-economic problems, such as creating new jobs and reducing the unemployment rate, and training qualified personnel. The set of proposed measures provides additional opportunities and increases the influence of youth entrepreneurship, which becomes the basis for unlocking its potential.

Utracone, poszukiwane i odzyskane dziedzictwo kulturowe Łodzi przemysłowej na przykładzie Art_Inkubatora w Fabryce Sztuki*

Over the past 25 years, Łódź has seen an evolution in attitude towards the city’s post-industrial heritage, both material and non-material. Exemplifying these processes of loss, seeking, and retrieval is Art_Inkubator, a complex of 19th-century factories in the city’s central district of Księży Młyn that once belonged to Karol Scheibler and Ludwik Grohman. The goal of the project, carried out by a municipal cultural institution known as Fabryka Sztuki, has been to revitalize and adapt former factory buildings, including them in its incubator program dedicated to the support of activities within the creative industries sector. Another cultural heritage site known as MuseumABC is also located in this area. Fabryka Sztuki’s efforts have preserved the factory buildings as part of the city’s cultural heritage and made it possible to put their historic features to good use in the development of innovative and creative activities. After decades of neglect, the characteristic red-brick buildings have beengiven “new life” as centres of culture and business enterprise.

Corporate social responsibility disclosure towards firm value

This research aims to investigate and analyze the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure on firm value, either directly or indirectly, by involving innovation as a mediator. This study uses secondary data on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for a period of four years from 2015 to 2018. The sample selection method uses the purposive sampling method with several criteria to produce 104 companies as the research sample so there are 416 observations. The analysis technique used is a simple and multiple linear regression analysis technique using the STATA 13 application as well as the Sobel Test for mediation tests. The results of this study provide empirical evidence that both in quality and quantity corporate social responsibility disclosure has an effect on increasing firm value. The results also show that corporate social responsibility disclosure cannot increase firm value through innovation due to a lack of research and development activity in most manufacturing companies because research and development activities require a long time and process as well as ineffective patent protection. Innovation has an insignificant effect on firm value due to the high cost of research and development can have an impact on large costs that reduce profits. However, innovation can be increased by corporate social responsibility disclosure, which means investing in corporate social responsibility disclosure can indirectly encourage the development of innovative product and process activities in the company. Innovation becomes a partial mediation variable so that innovation works partially in mediating between corporate social responsibility disclosure and firm value.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D):STATE OF FUNDING

Background. Ensuring the innovative development of the country is the main prerequisite for its survival and national security, dynamic economic growth and access to international markets. An important indicator of the development of innovative activity is the expenditure of research and development. The aim of the article is to analyze current trends in research and development expenditure in Ukraine, assess their compliance with global trends to determine the prospects for innovation and its activation Results. The dynamics of R&D expenditures in Ukraine indicates a recession in innovation in contrast to the EU, where there is a steady upward trend in these expenditures. The gap between Ukraine and European countries is deepening both in terms of total R&D expenditures and certain types of work, as well as in terms of science-intensive GDP. Practically the only source of financing the enterprises innovative activity in Ukraine is their own funds, the share of which is growing rapidly. Conclusion. Increasing spending on research and development worldwide indicates that innovation is a key factor in economic growth. The results of the analysis of the dynamics and structure of R&D expenditures in Ukraine do not correspond to global trends and give grounds for serious concern about the development of innovation. The growth of R&D expenditures in Ukraine is impossible without the development and implementation of an adequate state innovation policy.

TRENDS AND PROBLEMS OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The aim of the article is to study the dynamics of innovations development, to identify the main problems of innovative activities development and to advance proposals for the incentive instruments formation. The main method of research is the systemic and structural approach, which makes it possible to organize the search for solving problems most effectively. Methods of comparative, functional analysis and classification are also used. The theoretical basis of the article is the conceptual provisions and scientific principles developed by domestic and foreign scientists on the innovative development of industrial enterprises, tools for their implementation. However, the problems associated with the development and implementation of an effective mechanism for applying the innovative development of industrial enterprises in the context of the need to intensify the inclusiveness of innovative processes remain unfinished. The importance and significance of these questions determined the choice of the topic of the article, setting of the purpose and objectives of the study. The article analyzes the status and dynamics of innovative activities of domestic enterprises. The main trends and problems of the enterprises’ innovative development in modern conditions of limited financing and reducing the foreign investment resources are revealed. The level of using various types of innovations by industrial enterprises is investigated and the peculiarities of cost sharing for innovative activities are determined. The condition analysis of innovative activities of Ukraine’s industrial enterprises is carried out, namely the ratio of innovative products sold, the ratio of enterprises engaged in innovative activities, the number of new technological processes introduction and the production development of new types of products by industrial enterprises, funding sources of innovative activities. The structural analysis of various instruments efficiency of innovations financing in the domestic market is carried out. Ukraine’s innovation infrastructure should be provided with adequate resources in the context of a modern international methodology to support innovative business, which will help to minimize and close this gap. The available resources and potential should be focused on supporting research, which is one of the foundations of innovation potential, and creating an effective infrastructure that will help to transform research results into a product suitable for commercialization. Programs should be introduced to support academic payouts, start-ups, or other means of commercial use of innovative investments. The exposure-response relationships of innovative development stagnation are revealed and the ways of optimization and elimination of imbalance are provided. The recommendations for improving the innovative activities of industrial enterprises are developed.

Державне регулювання та підтримка аграрних інновацій в Україні

The purpose of the article is to carry out a scientific generalization of the state of agricultural innovations and their state regulation in Ukraine on the example of scientific institutions. Research methods. The methodological basis of the research is the systemic method. A monographic method was used - for examining scientific publications of researchers on the problems of agricultural innovations and their state regulation; empirical, systemic and comparative analysis and synthesis, graphic methods - to assess the current state of science financing; statistical method - to assess the degree of government regulation and research funding; abstract-logical - for theoretical generalizations and conclusions. Research results. A review of scientific research on state regulation of agricultural innovations in Ukraine and the world is carried out. Shows the innovative position of Ukraine in international ratings. The state regulation of innovations through the analysis of the dynamics and efficiency of expenditures on agricultural science is investigated. Scientific novelty. The definition of state regulation of agricultural innovations was further developed as the choice of a certain model of organizational, regulatory, management measures for the creation and transfer of new technologies aimed at the formation of interrelated mechanisms of institutional, resource support for the support and development of innovative activities in agriculture for the purpose of socio-economic development. The substantiation of dependence of dynamics and efficiency of expenses on agrarian science and other spheres of economic activity in interrelation with macroeconomic indicators was deepened. Practical significance. Conclusions are made about the need to form a strategy for innovative development of the agricultural sector by supporting innovation and the IT industry; further cooperation between manufacturers, scientific institutions and the state. It is recommended to borrow foreign experience in terms of processing the state's strategy for regulating innovation in the agricultural sector, depending on the phase of economic development and budgetary opportunities. Tabl.: 5. Figs.: 4. Refs.: 38.

Сопровождение инновационной деятельности преподавателей колледжа

The article substantiates the urgency of supporting innovative activities development by secondary vocational education workers. The study is aimed at finding the causes of difficulties and justifying the support of innovative activities of teachers. Its purpose is also to determine the conditions and stages, and to identify the means of support. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that a complex of organizational and pedagogical conditions that provide support for innovative activities is highlighted. It also includes diagnostics of innovative activities development level, motivational support, differentiated and individualized training of teachers, and organization of teachers' joint innovation activities. Based on domestic research, the stages of teachers support are identified. They include preparatory, motivational, self-diagnostic, goal-setting, and planning. Self-realization and intensification of teachers practical activities, independent innovation and a reflective-analytical stage are also emphasized. The means of accompaniment at each stage are listed: direct participation in innovation, research, implementation of innovative projects, contextual training, methodological and psychological support, introspection, and reflection. The author describes the results of diagnostics of teachers in relation to innovations, carried out using a set of techniques aimed at identifying individual characteristics of the perception of innovations. The most numerous groups are distinguished: teachers with a negative attitude, teachers who are neutral in relation to innovations, and teachers with a positive attitude; ready to implement innovations and teachers who are at a creative level.

Legal support of innovative activity of small and medium enterprises in Ukraine

In the context of European integration, the importance of state policy in the field of innovation of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized businesses, is growing. Therefore, the state of the regulatory framework should promote the development of Ukraine’s innovation system, which will increase the amount of foreign investment and increase the welfare of the population. All this requires effective coordination between legislative institutions. The dynamic formation of the legal basis for the development of innovation activities of small and medium enterprises shows positive trends, but attempts to intensify innovation activities have not been implemented in full. The article generalizes the Ukrainian legislative and regulatory support to support the innovation activities of small and medium enterprises. The structure of the institutional basis for supporting the innovation activities of small and medium enterprises was drawn up. Problems of functioning of the national innovation system are revealed. In the process of research the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, graphical and tabular method, system method. The state of the innovation system of Ukraine in relation to the world level is determined on the basis of international indices. The directions of solving the revealed problems of innovative activity of small and average enterprises are proposed, which should be solved by means of state policy tools.

On the development of investment and innovation activities in entrepreneurship

On the development of investment and innovation activities in entrepreneurship

ECONOMIC PROCESSES OF INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE NATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL INITIATIVE

In the article the author views economic and managerial issues of development of innovative activities of industrial enterprises based on the implementation of economic processes of the National technological initiative; presents the parameters of NTI implementation; shows that the effectiveness of innovative development of industry determines the creation of future markets, allowing enterprises to shape the image of the future of industry, to carry out a continuous and complex innovation process, the production of innovations, their commercialization and market demand. The author substantiates the relevance of implementing the processes of innovative development of the industrial complex of the region on the basis of NTI, which consists in the fact that the creation of innovations and their commercialization allowed enterprises to have a leading position among similar manufacturers, creating products with a high level of knowledge intensity, thereby forming new technological markets. NTI stimulates the development of new markets, determining the forecast of economic development. Innovative development of the region's industrial complex on the basis of NTI involves the creation of an integration grouping of the industrial sector on the basis of the innovation ecosystem. The most significant result of the research is the development of a model and an algorithm for evaluating the innovative ecosystem of the industrial complex of the region based on NTI. The model reflects that the development of STI projects is carried out through the innovation support infrastructure. In order to implement innovative STI projects, a regional ecosystem of innovation support is being created on the basis of industrial clusters. The main importance in the ecosystem is the network connections of participants in innovative processes and their technological capabilities (points of technological growth). In the article it is shown that the strategy for implementing STI to create new markets and technologies is based on the innovative activity of industrial complexes. In the model of the proposed ecosystem of innovative support for the industrial complex of the region based on NTI, an algorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of its functioning has been developed.

Determining Factors of Innovative Performance: Case Studies in Extremaduran Agri-Food Companies

The agri-food industry plays an important role in the manufacturing industry in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura (Spain). The main objective of this study is to identify which business factors influence the success of the innovative performance in this regional industry. We proposed a novel theoretical model in which we analyzed the effect of six business variables. Using a multiple-case study, five in-depth interviews were carried out to measure the level of importance that managers gave to each of the variables. The study validated the proposed model in which all the contrasted variables (Management, Strategy, Structure, Culture, Climate, and Market Orientation) had a great weight for the achievement of the innovative performance. The study contributes to the promotion of the capacities and competences of the agri-food companies’ managers for the development of innovative activities favoring the knowledge, the external visibility, and the competitiveness of the companies. It is also useful for Public Administrations when developing policies to promote and encourage innovation in a sector of vital importance in the rural and regional development of this Spanish region.

Оцінка ефективності інноваційних проєктів: сутність та шляхи вдосконалення

Annotation. Introduction. At the present stage of society development scientific and technical activity which is based on innovative breakthroughs, is the major factor of production intensification and growth of its economic performance. One of the conditions for the creation and successful entry into the innovative market is a high level of organization development processes and implementation of innovative projects. Among all types of projects, innovative is the most risky type of projects. Therefore, it requires a very in-depth analysis of the risks of its implementation and an assessment of project efficiency. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to clarify the essence of the concept of ” innovative project”, its role and significance for the activities of enterprises, as well as the need to assess the effectiveness. Results. The article is focused on the essence of evaluation of innovative projects efficiency. The approaches of domestic and foreign scientists in a direction of development of innovative activity and strategic development of the enterprise are investigated. The necessity to improve methods of innovative projects evaluation has been justified, in accordance with the specificity and complexity of an innovative project implementation, related to many risks. The main methods of the innovative projects evaluation and typical disadvantages of the existing methods were identified, and ways of eliminating these disadvantages were proposed. Review of the interpretation of various authors in terms of the definitions of innovation and innovation project. Conclusions. It is concluded that the importance of evaluation of innovative projects are very important and explained the size of the indicators in its structure, reflecting the prospects and threats of the enterprise in the development and implementation of innovative projects. It has been determined that an innovative project is a complex system of mutually-conditional and related goals and programs to achieve them, which represent a set of research, development, production, organizational and other activities, appropriately designed sets of project documentation and provide an effective solution to a specific scientific and technical problem, expressed in quantitative terms, and leads to the appearance of innovation. Keywords: innovations; innovative activity; innovative project; economic evaluation; efficiency; indicators of economic efficiency.

Океан. Концептуальні засади стратегії розвитку морських наук та інновацій в Україні

The rapid development of marine sciences and innovations in the world leads to the increasing use of their fundamental and applied results, including sea-related technologies, in virtually all spheres of human existence. In the public policy of developed maritime countries, researches and developments aimed at better understanding the role of the world ocean and the possibilities of its use to address socio-economic and security challenges have long been among the highest priorities. Analyzing the basic problems of organization and functioning of domestic maritime scientific and innovative activities, the author notes that further delay in developing a strategy for such activities may not only lead to the final loss of maritime status by our country, but also complicate prospects for further socio-economic development and weaken the system of national security. The article proposes the conceptual foundations of the strategy for the development of marine scientific and innovative activities in Ukraine.

Совершенствование единой информационно-методической системы развития управленческой компетенции руководителей высших учебных заведений

This article discusses about the development of management skills and leadership potential of the higher education institutions and these establishments play an important role in improving the quality of education, effective organization of scientific and innovative activities in the country. Priorities have been identified for the development of proposals and recommendations on the meaningful and targeted organization of work on training, retraining, advanced training and development of scientific and innovative activities of teachers in the higher education system.

Tools for a systematic approach to implementing cluster initiatives in real sector industries

The main problem of the innovative development of the regions of Kazakhstan is the lack of innovative activity of enterprises, which is reflected in the volume, periodicity and impact of their innovations. At the same time, the majority of enterprises belonging to the real sector of the economy have sufficient resources for the development of innovative activities. However, the prospects for their interaction with enterprises in other sectors and sectors of the economy for technology transfer are insignificant. In this connection, the studies defining the main ways and methods of forming cluster initiatives in the regional economy are relevant. The analysis of the investment activity of industrial enterprises in the region predetermined the multidimensional nature of the research methodology, the need to use methods of system, statistical, comparative and logical analysis, grouping. The practical significance of the study is to develop specific recommendations to increase the investment attractiveness of Pavlodar region through the implementation of several cluster initiatives in the real sector. The results of the study allowed to develop some recommendations on the formation of a system for the implementation of cluster initiatives in the region, differing in their adaptation to the specifics of the industry, which made it possible to identify priority areas for the development of clusters in the real sector of the regional economy.

Innovative function of state governance

Problem setting. At the current stage of global economic development, innovations play a significant role not only at the industries level but also at the state level of national economies. Innovations make companies and countries significantly more competitive at the global market at the same time increasing local economies’ status. Analysis of recent researches and publications. In order to identify functions of state governance theoretical papers of numerous authors were carefully studied. Innovation function was not stated in the studied works. The provisions on the functions of public administration are highlighted in the works of N.I. Glazunova, R.V. Goloshchapova, A.N. Kramnik, E.K. Borisova, L.V. Smorgunova, Y.A. Tikhomirov. Nevertheless, some issues of the posed problem still need to be covered. Target of research. With the purpose of deep study and further development of innovation activities in the country it was necessary to identify the new function of state governance – innovation function. Article’s main body. Different classification of state governance functions have been analyzed and conclusions and assumptions were made about the new innovation function that was not named before. Because of the significant role of the state in influencing innovation processes, coordinating activities of all interested parties in order to obtain an innovative product it is important to underline the new role and to pay it additional attention in further study of state governance. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The new innovation function has to be defined in the state governance theoretical study. The goal of state influence on innovation processes should be provision of the most optimal, favorable conditions for the most effective interaction of participants in the innovation process with each other. Thus, we consider it appropriate to create a separate institution for the development of innovative function in the country.

Innovation activity of industrial enterprises: the current situation and areas of improvement

The article is devoted to topical issues of research of innovative activity at domestic industrial enterprises, its importance for the domestic economy is substantiated. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of innovation activity of industrial enterprises and to formulated irections for its improvement. The methodological basis of the study is the current abstraction, analogies and theoretical generalizations - generalization of existing approaches to ensuring the innovative activities of industrial enterprises, justification of the need and highlighting the main problems of introducing innovation processes in domestic enterprises; methods of system, comparative and economic-statistical analysis - to study the state of innovative activity of industrial enterprises of Ukraine; graphic - for visual representation and schematic and graphic construction of theoretical and practical provisions of the study; abstract-logical - for the logical generalization of theoretical principles and formulation of research conclusions. The object of research is innovation. The subject of the research is the current state and directions of increasing the innovative activity of industrial enterprises. Dynamics of innovation activity and process of introduction of innovations in the domestic industryare analyzed. Data on implementation of innovations at domestic enterprises are presented. The structure of sources of financing of innovative activity of industrial enterprises of Ukraine is formed. The factors that impede the activation of innovative activity in modern industrial enterprises are considered. The ways and directions of the problem of activation of innovative development of the enterprises are offered. The directions for innovative activity increase of the industrial enterprises of Ukraine are offered. Thus, based on the conducted research, the most promising areas for increasing the innovative activity of industrial enterprises should be: effective cost management and reducing the cost of production; application of international product certification and standardization of production processes as components of quality management; support of innovation ideas and proposals; improving the level of production organization through the use of upgraded equipment and advanced software; introduction of the latest production technologies and reduction of the duration of the production process; use of modern methodical methods of financial support of innovation activity; introduction of innovative products into the production process and increase their share in the total volume of products; establishing close cooperation with business partners. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Thus, the results of the research indicate the presence of a number of problems in intensifying the innovative activity of industrial enterprises. With the help of the analysis of innovative activity of domestic industrial enterprises the main problems which constrain innovative development of the enterprises are revealed. Mostly financing was carried out at the expense of own funds of enterprises, and the volume of expenditures on innovation activities at the expense of foreign investors, the state budget and lending is observed at a fairly low level. The declining dynamics in the areas of innovation in domestic enterprises and their low share in the volume of industrial production is a manifestation of forced compulsion to increase imports of new equipment and technologies, manufactured products and reduce export operations for domestic innovative products. According to the obtained results the directions directed on activization of innovative activity of the industrial enterprises are formed. The implementation of the proposed measures will significantly increase the level of innovation activity of industrial enterprises in Ukraine, stabilize the accelerated process of renewal of production, effectively use domestic and foreign investment for innovation. Further research on the issue may concern the formation of modern methods of assessing the innovation potential of industrial enterprises and the formation of a mechanism foren hancing the irinnovation activity, which will provide a significant increase in the level of innovation activity of industrial enterprises, stabilization of production renewal processes, expedientuse of internal and attracted external investment ininnovation.

Trends of innovative development of Russia from the standpoint of interaction of economic levels

The article analyzes trends in innovative development at the national, regional and municipal levels of the Russian economy. The situation of innovation stagnation in the country is revealed, which occurred despite the active innovation policy pursued by the Federal government. As a result of the study of statistical indicators, it was found that low innovation activity in the Russian economy is due to the fact that innovation growth is significantly slowing down at the regional level. The authors concluded that the sharp differentiation of innovative production volumes in the Russian regions is a consequence of the gap in the interaction of economic levels, as well as the weak involvement of municipalities in the innovation process. Within the framework of the study, a scheme of interaction between government authorities for the development of innovative activities at the municipal level has been developed.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ГРУЗИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ ИННОВАЦИЙ

Innovation is a means of meeting growing demand in the face of global competition and limited resources. Its role is especially important for Georgia, because it provides an opportunity to improve living standards. The aim of the article is to determine the appropriate strategy based on the initial level of innovation in Georgia, to establish appropriate measures for the development of innovation activities, to explain the reasons for the increase and decrease of the level of innovation based on the analysis of the Global Innovation Index of Georgia for the last five years.We used the methods of analysis and synthesis, positive and normative, induction and deduction to achieve the set goal. The article gives the level of innovation in Georgia according to the Global Innovation Index (GII). Based on five-year data (2015-2019), the reasons for improvement and deterioration in terms of individual indicator scores and ratings and the opportunities for overcoming are identified. Analysis of Georgia's Global Innovation Index allows us to study its individual indicators and identify the tools that will help create new jobs, increase productivity and sustainable development in the long run.

РАЗВИТИЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН

The authors note the importance of the topic under study, since important tasks of sustainable development of AIC are being solved at the regional level: investment optimization, production growth, increased employment of the active population, and development of innovative activities. Public support for agriculture and business processes make it possible to ensure the solution of these problems. Data in the field of agro-industrial complex cover macro level (agricultural production as a whole), meso level (intersectoral economic ties of enterprises of various spheres and business activity), and micro level (individual agricultural producers). Calculation data for the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan are presented: the population in villages, the ratio between urban and rural residents, growth rate of the rural population, its share. The size of the gross domestic product in the industry is analyzed. It was revealed which regions make the greatest contribution to its development. The indicators of the number of livestock and poultry, volume of main types of livestock products at the regional level have been investigated, since they characterize the provision of food security of the State. Legal framework that determines the reproduction processes in domestic agricultural sector associated with the growth of profitability, production of organic products is highlighted. Regional features, trends and prospects in AIC of the country are indicated. Using statistical data, assessment of agro-industrial production of the regions is presented. It is concluded that agricultural development is the basis of national sovereignty, State agricultural policy aimed at sustainable development of rural areas.