Development Of Innovative Activities Research Articles

АНАЛІЗ ФОРМУВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ МОДЕЛІ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article investigates the theoretical issues of analysis of the formation of an innovative model of enterprise development as a basis for enterprise development. The scientific content and economic essence of innovative activity are revealed. Problems of development of innovative activity are outlined. Its main problems are: low demand for innovation in the market, lack of successful ideas and opportunities to create innovations, limited funds for business, lack of partners for cooperation. The main ways and methods of activating the innovative activity of enterprises are considered. The main tasks for solving this problem, as the concentration of tasks for further development, a detailed process of the list of tasks for effective work. Factors of encouragement to introduction of the innovative model of development of the enterprise are formulated. The innovative development of the enterprise is designed to focus production activities on the demands of the modern consumer, to respond flexibly and make timely changes, to achieve competitive advantages that meet the level of international demand. Innovation management includes: continuous improvement of production organization on the basis of search, selection, development and implementation of innovative proposals; formation of a bank of innovative ideas and options for their implementation; organization of the process of identifying problems of innovative development and their solution; formation of a climate of innovation at the enterprise, search for new ideas, etc. Planning of innovative development of enterprises provides an opportunity: taking into account future tasks, assessing the activities of the enterprise as a continuous process in which current actions are related to the future, managing not only short-term but also long-term development goals; identification of basic market needs; influencing changes in the external environment. In addition, planning helps to improve the coordination of actions in the enterprise, creates conditions for improving the basic training of managers, providing the necessary information, promotes a more rational allocation of resources, allows to clearly formalize the duties and responsibilities of all employees, improve control over their activities.

МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА: СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСІВ

In modern conditions, sustainable development of any of the national economies is not possible without timely and high-quality innovation. The development of innovative activity of enterprises, increase of efficiency of innovative expenses for introduction of the newest technologies, development and manufacture of new kinds of production which competitiveness is defined by the used quantity of unique developments, ideas is especially actual for Ukraine. Today, innovation is becoming a key factor in development for most businesses. Innovation processes at Ukrainian enterprises are unstable and devoid of clear long-term incentives. Accordingly, the development of innovative entrepreneurship and innovation processes is timely and becomes especially relevant. The main tendencies of development of innovative activity of industrial enterprises are considered in the article. Scientific views on the content and economic essence of innovative entrepreneurship are systematized. The chain of sequence of development of innovative activity of enterprises is investigated. The analytical component of the main indicators of innovation activity of Ukrainian enterprises, in particular industrial ones, is analyzed. Factors influencing the innovative activity of enterprises are given. Based on the analysis of the main indicators, the factors that threaten the development of innovative entrepreneurship are identified, as well as the main opportunities for intensification of innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine are identified. Areas of encouragement for the introduction of innovative developments in the activities of enterprises have been formed. Approximate ways of development of innovative potential of domestic enterprises and general improvement of the level of innovative development of Ukraine are offered. Proposals for intensifying the development of innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine have been developed. The importance of innovative activity for the purpose of formation and maintenance of competitive advantages, and also strengthening of competitive positions of the enterprise both in the internal, and in the foreign markets is proved. It is generalized that the timely use of innovations is the key to obtaining new and maintaining existing competitive advantages of both individual enterprises and the economy as a whole.

МЕХАНИЗМ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ВУЗОВ С ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКИМИ СТРУКТУРАМИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ

The article deals with the problems of the development of the innovative component of the higher education services sector, which provides a link between science and business under the influence of digital transformation. The necessity of creating a mechanism of interaction between universities and business structures of the region is substantiated. The trends determining the further development of the higher education services market on the basis of a practice-oriented approach through interaction with business structures and the creation of small innovative enterprises are identified. The basis for the development of innovative activities in universities was the implementation of the national project "Education", which allowed to increase the innovative component. Since small innovative enterprises began to be created in accordance with Federal Law No. 217 FZ of 02.08.2009, universities have the right to involve all interested persons as co-founders and introduce their own developments into production. The created small innovative enterprises revealed a number of unresolved problems: related to the authorized capital; with the acquisition of equipment for conducting research; with the lack of the right to dispose of their property; with the provision of investments and the investor's desire to invest in this project; the ability of employees and teachers of universities to engage in entrepreneurial activity and the lack of experience, ability and ability to attract interested parties for the implementation of projects. At the same time, despite a number of unresolved problems, small innovative enterprises at universities in the modern conditions of economic development contribute to the disclosure of creative potential, implement the results of innovative activities and establish a connection with commercial structures, the business environment and educational institutions. The formed scientific potential of the educational institution makes it possible to ensure the development of the scientific base and to form a creative scientific approach to personnel training, and small innovative enterprises will ensure the introduction of innovative products into business structures and increase their competitiveness. The results of the study can be used to predict structural changes in the field of higher education services. It is concluded that the priority in the development of the higher education services sector is the formation of a scientific base based on the creation of small innovative enterprises, which will increase the attractiveness of universities and create conditions for the introduction of innovations, as well as increase the investment opportunities of regions and the level of digital transformation of society.

АКТИВНАЯ ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ КАК НЕОБХОДИМЫ ФАКТОР УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

The article discusses the main directions and mechanisms of development of innovative activity of enterprises in efficient development of subjects of economic activities, development of the regional economy, solutions to critical social problems facing the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation. Highly productive mechanisms for the development of innovative activity of enterprises will not only be an effective tool for ensuring the progressive economic development of regions, but also a means of transferring the country's economy to an innovative type of development.

АНАЛИЗ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ПРОДУКЦИИ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНОГО СЕКТОРА ОБРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ РФ НА ВНУТРЕННИХ И ВНЕШНИХ РЫНКАХ

The paper provides an assessment of the innovative potential of the high-tech industry sector of the Russian Federation. A comparative analysis of the innovation activity of the industrial sector of the Russian Federation and other countries is carried out. The factors influencing the development of innovative activity of high-tech sector of the manufacturing industry are determined. The dynamics of the indicators of the foreign trade balance of the manufacturing industry of the Russian Federation are also evaluated. As a conclusion, recommendations are given on improving the functional activities of the Development Institutions, as responsible entities for achieving the goals of innovative development of the state.

The russian agricultural sector in the innovative component of the country’s food security

Achieving competitiveness in the global world economy system requires strengthening the innovative direction of representatives of the domestic agro-industrial sector. The innovative component of the agricultural sector also plays an important role in solving the country’s food security. The article considers the basics of the development of innovative activity of agro-industrial enterprises and the impact of innovative activity in the agro-industrial complex on the country food security. Obstacles are analyzed and priority directions of innovative development of agro-industrial enterprises are reflected.

ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ ЛАНДШАФТ ЯК ФОРМА ПУБЛІЧНО-ПРИВАТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА 1

The article examines the innovative landscape as a form of public-private partnership. The existing economic achievements in the interpretation of innovative landscapes are studied. It has been found that the formation of innovative landscapes is based on partnerships between economic agents. Cooperation and integration of science, education and business becomes possible provided that the interests, goals and objectives of the interacting parties are consistent. The principle of uniting the three entities on the basis of partnership determines the conditions for reconciling the interests of economic agents, coordination of their activities, exchange and distribution of resources: business is focused primarily on profit, while science is primarily interested in creating new knowledge and education for the training of qualified specialists. It is determined that the innovation landscape on the basis of public-private partnership will integrate the efforts of the state, business, science and education to develop a common vision of prospects for innovative development, as well as the formation and implementation of promising research and development programs. The main elements of public-private partnership in the field of education and science are analyzed. The main features of innovative landscapes on the basis of public-private partnership are given: mutual goals in the field of common interests; joint solution of common problems; equality; voluntary participation; pooling resources, information to achieve common goals; long term of interaction; specific forms of distribution of responsibilities and risks between partner participants; the implementation of partnerships takes place in a competitive environment. The formation of the innovation landscape is to create a partnership between the state, science, education and business, which could act as a favorable environment for the emergence and development of innovation. The key areas for the formation of innovative landscapes are the implementation of programs for the development of innovative activities; formation of new forms of territorial organization; increasing the activity of scientific and educational institutions; development of models and mechanisms to stimulate partnerships between business, research and educational institutions; stimulating the formation of new sectors of the economy; improving the efficiency of education and training.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of innovative activities of companies in the agro-industrial complex in the context of the investment process

The study presents the results of studying the relationship between the effectiveness of innovation and the investment process, based on a comparison of concepts, analysis of the return on investment by type of activity, and ranking of factors of the effectiveness of innovation. The article presents a comparative analysis of methods for determining the effectiveness of innovative activities, which showed the quantitative ratio of factors that limit innovation and typical assessment methods. The key principle of building a system for the effectiveness of innovative activities of companies in the agro-industrial complex in the context of the investment process has been determined. An experimental test of the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of innovative activities from the investment position was carried out and a complex for the development of innovative activities was developed, which determined the opportunity to identify the most promising market niches of the company.

Barriers to innovation: experience of Ecuadorian small and medium entreprises

The innovation barriers to small and medium-sized enterprises affect their innovative process and influence their company development. In this empirical work, we analyze the cost, market, and knowledge barriers that impede or delay the development of innovative activities and projects in Ecuadorian SMEs. A logit estimation model uses fixed-effects panel data on a sample of 5,205 SMEs during the period from 2009–2014. The results show that small and young companies are more vulnerable to the perceived barriers of cost and knowledge. This is mainly due to high innovation costs and a lack of skilled staff that restricts organizational growth and market competitiveness.

Foreign experience in the development of innovative activities of enterprises in the energy industry

Foreign experience in the development of innovative activities of enterprises in the energy industry

Теоретичні витоки управління розвитком інноваційного підприємництва

The development of any economic system involves the transformation of the basic characteristics of its participants. In this case, the development itself can be both traditional and innovative. Currently, it is important to consider the innovative type of development at the enterprise level, which means a purposeful process of finding ideas, preparing innovations and their implementation, to increase their efficiency, and for society - to increase needs, the state - to increase the competitiveness of national products in the international market. It is obvious that the development of innovative activity of the enterprise is one of the decisive factors of its successful development. The purpose of this study is a comprehensive study of the theoretical origins of management of innovative entrepreneurship, the formation of a systematic view of the features of innovation management of the enterprise in modern business conditions. A comprehensive study of the theoretical origins of management of innovative entrepreneurship development was carried out, in particular, the emergence of views on the essence of such concepts as “innovation”, “innovative enterprise”, “innovative entrepreneurship”, “development of innovative entrepreneurship” were analyzed in the article. The authors suggest their own interpretation of such categories taking into account the analysis of domestic and foreign approaches and theoretical provisions for this problems in the modern understanding. Also, a systematic presentation of the features of management of the innovative activity of an enterprise in modern economic conditions was formed. The authors believe that for successful management of innovative development of the enterprise there should be a "smart" management system of innovative development of the enterprise. The purpose of the IDE management is to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise - the stable market position for continuous development in a constantly changing external and internal environment. Features of managing the development of innovative entrepreneurship at the present stage are the following: the ability and readiness of the economic entity to positive change, progress; the sequence of management actions that realize the innovation potential; quantitative changes in the relevant "growth points"; qualitative changes based on cooperation and rivalry between market participants for better conditions of production, purchase and sale of goods. It should be noted that management of innovation entrepreneurship development should have the support of the state in the context of Ukraine's innovation policy. The prospects for further research are related to the improvement of the innovation entrepreneurship management system as a key element for increasing the competitiveness of modern enterprises in a constantly changing external and internal environment.

A study of directions of development of innovative activity in the regions

One of the priority strategic directions for improving the competitiveness of any region is the effective use of human capital, the use of resources and high technologies. This article discusses the factors that influence the innovative development of regions, and the main directions. The main global trend in the formation of modern society is the transition from a raw materials and industrial economy to a new economy based on intellectual resources, knowledge and information technology. In the economies of developed countries, such a system of relations between industry, society and science is formed, which is mainly focused on innovative development; where innovations serve as the basis for the development of these categories and they in turn encourage the development of innovations, through which the direction of the innovation process and important directions of science development are determined.

РОЛЬ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫХ ИННОВАЦИЙ В РАЗВИТИИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ РФ

This article discusses the current state and main trends in the development of innovative activities of the enterprise. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend towards the formation of divisions by enterprises in order to secure an innovative development as well as departments for the development of innovative projects and the creation of Lin laboratories. Implementation of such innovative projects and introduction of innovations in enterprises is the main factor of market competition. It is determined that the intensity of innovative developments and improving the quality of human resources increase the level of competitiveness of the enterprise. Still a significant factor in the innovation activity of the enterprise is the proper need of the enterprise for innovations and the desire to implement them. It is worth focusing on organizational innovations in more detail, since that is the area where the largest decrease in the share of organizations by 0.6% in 2018 compared to 2015 is observed. It is exactly the type of innovations that affects the process of personnel management to a greater extent. Organizational innovations are subject to the fashion fluctuations, and companies are increasingly trying to implement the principles and methods of managing the turquoise organizations as innovative changes. A significant sign of the company’s innovative activity is the proper need of the company for innovations and the desire to implement them. The most common issues of innovative development of Russian enterprises are considered. For example, a key issue of implementing organizational innovations is the discrepancy between fashionable new trends and corporate culture. It is worth noting that at each stage of the company’s development, there is a change in the type of culture. In practice, Russian companies are at the stage of a culture of strength: few of them, while maintaining a culture of strength, have skipped the stage of rules and discipline and are implementing their activities with elements of a culture of success. Methods and tools of personnel management should be used taking into account the specifics of the type of culture in the enterprise. Examples of successful and unsuccessful implementation of innovations in the enterprise are given, taking into account the specifics of the type of culture, as well as the consequences of using these innovations. It is considered as completely unacceptable if an organization uses tools that are not appropriate for the next level of corporate culture, but for an even higher level. It is worth noting that the introduction of innovations is impossible without defining the strategy, goals and concept of development at the enterprise.

DIRECTIONS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT INTENSIFICATION OF THE UKRAINE ECONOMY

The essence of such concepts as innovation, innovative activity, innovative development and scientific potential of economic entities is outlined. The main forms and methods of innovation activity, criteria of its effectiveness, directions of realization of scientific potential, the most important aspects of the formation of innovation policy are described. The analysis of the factors restraining the development of innovative activity of enterprises is carried out, the assessment of the effectiveness of state support for companies creating and introducing innovations, developing scientific activities is made. The forms and methods of implementation of innovative projects are considered. The main methods of financial support for innovative activities are outlined. The directions of increasing the efficiency of innovative activities of companies are proposed.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИМИ ПРОЦЕСАМИ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ

The concept of the development of innovative activities of modern production is relevant, since innovations determine the competitiveness of companies, industries and entire countries in world markets and become new sources of economic growth based on knowledge. The low activity of the use of innovations at domestic enterprises testifies to the insufficient effectiveness of measures aimed at preserving and developing their scientific and technological potential. The technological backwardness of Ukraine from highly developed countries largely depends on the prevalence of mainly closed models of innovation, which do not contribute to the formation and development of a modern innovative environment. The effectiveness of high-tech production is determined, first of all, by the rationale for making decisions on the use of various models of innovative projects while maintaining intellectual property rights and reducing the likelihood of possible risks. The characteristics of the evolution of existing models of innovation management allowed us to analyze the features of their manifestation and substantiate the need to introduce models of the new sixth generation into the domestic economy using world experience. The transition of enterprises and firms to open forms of innovative development involves the involvement of partners, research centers and other structures in order to implement new scientific ideas. And cooperation between domestic and foreign innovative enterprises makes it possible to actively exchange knowledge, experience and competencies. When introducing open innovation models, the following prerequisites must be met: adherence to the principle of openness and expanding cooperation with external partners, scientific institutions, suppliers and consumers; analysis, as well as the choice of an array of various innovations that exist outside the enterprise and are of great value to it; combining «external» and «internal» knowledge into a more complex combination of new concepts and competencies, allowing you to create the latest business systems and models. The considered advantages of open innovation models and numerous examples of their active dissemination in world practice make it possible to name and formulate the main ways and possibilities of creating a modern domestic innovation system.

Approaches to strategic management in the context of ensuring the tourism industry development

Analysis of existing scientific approaches to the management of tourism enterprises, developed by domestic scientists in recent years is presented in this paper. The current problems of tourism in Ukraine under existing conditions are noted. The authors note that tourism in Ukraine should be considered as a strategic direction of the domestic economy development. It is determined that the current problems of tourism in Ukraine, in the current conditions, include the low professional level of training; non-professional management methods and poor service; environmental issues; insufficient development of the communication system. It is proposed to consider tourism in Ukraine, as priority areas of the domestic economy development, in the context of key components of sustainable development of society, such as: economic, social, environmental. The concept of strategic management is defined as a system of preparation, development and organization of a set of strategic decisions, which is based on the interaction of state, business, science and education. In order to organize strategic management in tourism industry, it is proposed to use modern approaches, such as: synergetic, innovative and cluster. Three main directions of the development of innovative activity in tourism in Ukraine are noted. They are based on the provisions of the General Agreement on Trade in Services. The necessary presence of factors for attracting innovations in the development of tourism industry is determined. It is indicated which measures at the state level, should be taken to attract innovative principles of tourism management and related industries that directly affect the quality and efficiency of tourism services. It is emphasized that the main task of tourism cluster creation is to increase the attractiveness of the territory for potential tourists due to the use of differentiated economic policies. It is noted that the cluster feature is the creation of a number of positive effects that provide the benefits of this form of business relationships, namely: the effect of large-scale production, synergy effect, multiplier effect, innovation-oriented effect. It is noted that under the influence of these factors, non-profit enterprises of the cluster can overcome the lower limit of profitability through specialization, which ensures productivity and reduces the cost of goods created.

To the study of basic indicators of the development of innovative activity 
 of enterprises of the aviation industry of the Russian Federation

The purpose of this article is to analyze the reasons affecting the dynamics of indicators of implementation and development of innovative activity at aircraft manufacturing enterprises, using the example of actual indicators of innovative activity of the united aircraft building corporation. Based on the dynamics of target performance indicators, the author proposes options for sectoral transformations that should contribute to an increase in the efficiency of both qualitative and quantitative data on the development of innovative activity at aircraft manufacturing enterprises, a reduction in production cycles, a positive dynamics of the turnover of working capital and a decrease in the loan portfolio of sectoral economic entities. The data on the volume of investments at the enterprises of the united aircraft building corporation from 2012 to 2019, taking into account the volume of government contracts and investment payments, are presented. The analysis of the activities of aircraft manufacturing enterprises revealed significant shortcomings in the development of innovative activity: a low number of new innovative developments; underdevelopment of the innovation infrastructure; outdated material and technical base requiring modernization; lack of experience in organizing RD; essential requirements for product certification. In modern conditions, domestic companies in the aviation industry cannot function without the use of new RD methods, science-intensive technologies, which leads to a deepening of the specialization processes of aviation science.

Innovative potential of small and medium business

The article presents the results of the practical implementation of the methodology for assessing the innovative potential of small and medium-sized businesses of the Republic of Kazakhstan. To identify the level of development of innovative activity of SMEs in Kazakhstan the methods of correlation and regression analysis were implemented. The analysis conducted on the basis of available statistical materials disclosures the impact of different factors on the innovative potential of small and medium-sized businesses. According to the author's approach to the evaluation of innovative potential, there are three groups of factors affecting the innovative potential – factors of general economic development, factors of development of small and medium-sized businesses and factors of development of research activities. The article also analyzes the main indicators of innovation activity of the considered enterprises and institutional features of their development. The results of the research allowed to identify both the advantages and disadvantages of innovative activity of national SMEs.

Tendencies of innovation development of the Russian iron and steel industry on the base of patent analytics for the largest national metallurgical companies

Iron and steel industry is one of the industrial branches making substantial input in provision of economic growth in Russian Federation; in this connection, innovation development of the metallurgical industry is rather important. The patent researches, in their turn, allow to get statistical data about the patents that are indicators of technological development and reliable parameter of innovation activity in the industry. The paper is devoted to study of the tendencies of innovation development of the national vertically integrated mining and metallurgical companies in order to reveal technological and innovation leaders and trends in this industry. The paper uses the patent method of technological prediction based on patent researches. The results of analysis of patent documents for the large metallurgical companies (Severstal, Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK), Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works (NLMK), Metalloinvest Management Company, EVRAZ Group, Mechel) are presented. The rating of Russian patentee companies — leaders in iron and steel industry — is prepared for the period 2000-2020. The legal status of patent documents included in the patent portfolios of the companies is determined. Patent activity of the companies is analyzed during the examined period with differentiation by years. The patent documents registered in Russia during 20 years, as well as the documents of Nippon Steel and JFE Holdings are also analyzed for comparison. The collection for each patentee was obtained and their interest areas (corresponding to the definite classes of International Patent Classification (IPC)) were examined with revealing of the most important IPC subgroups. Activity of authors of the examined companies is investigated in order to find out the leading technological development specialists.

History, advancement, bottlenecks, and future of chiral capillary electrochromatography

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) represents a technique with less than 30 years of intense development and in this period this technique has seen huge promise, fast development, stagnation, and significant decline of innovative activity. The major goal of the present overview is not to present an extensive review of the literature on chiral CEC but to analyze the reasons for this dramatic development and attempting to answer questions such as: 1) Was the potential of CEC reasonably evaluated in 1990s before starting the explosive development in this field? 2) Did the development of this technique take the right track? 3) What other developments and competitive trends led to stagnation in the advancement of CEC? 4) Why is the activity in this field currently decreasing? 5) What are the current challenges and promises and what is the future of chiral CEC?