Design Of FIR Digital Filters Research Articles

FIR digital filter design using improved particle swarm optimization based on refraction principle

An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the model of refracting opposite learning, called refrPSO, is applied to design and optimize FIR low pass and high pass digital filters with linear phase. According to the refraction principle of light, the process of opposition-based learning is ameliorated, and then a new model of opposition-based learning, which is applied for improvement of particle swarm optimization, is proposed. For enhancing the performance of FIR digital filters, in this paper, the optimal combination of the filter coefficients is found out by applying the refrPSO for the design of FIR digital filters. Meanwhile, some well-known algorithms such as classic Parks-McClellan, standard Particle Swarm optimization and Particle Swarm optimization based on opposite learning are used to design FIR digital filters for comparison. Extensive experimental results show that the performance of FIR digital filters optimized by the refrPSO outperforms the one optimized by other algorithms obviously.

SPEECH SIGNAL ANALYSIS FOR LINEAR FILTER BANKS OF DIFFERENT ORDERS

In speech signal processing using of filter banks is very important. The critical requirement is the sum of all the frequency responses of the band-pass filters of the filter bank i.e. composite frequency response be flat with linear phase. This paper deals with design and implementation of linear-phase FIR digital filters based filter bank flat with flat composite frequency response. The design is based on special properties of FIR filters by which excellent frequency response can be achieved. Keyword: Speech signal, FIR Filter, Composite frequency response. -------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------

An L1‐Approximation for the Design of FIR Digital Filters with Complex Coefficients

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose an L1‐approximation for the design of FIR digital filters with complex coefficients. The L1‐approximation has the advantage of having a flatter passband and a small overshoot around the discontinuity point as compared with the L2‐approximation and ‐approximation. As the obtained filter has complex coefficients, it is possible to reduce group delay and to design a digital filter with a asymmetric amplitude characteristic with respect to the origin. The algorithm proposed in this paper is based on Newton's method, which is an efficient iterative approximation algorithm. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method through a design example.

High Speed Symmetric Convolutions based FIR Digital Filter Design

The main challenging areas in VLSI are performance, cost, testing, area, reliability, delay and power. The demand for portable computing devices and communications system are increasing rapidly. These applications require low power dissipation and low area with high speed for VLSI circuits. Hence it is important aspect to optimize power, area and delay .So these constraints optimization became one of the main challenges. In this paper a Parallel FIR Digital Filter Structures for Symmetric Convolutions Based on Fast FIR Algorithm are designed with area, delay and power efficient. To optimize these structures a data flow HDL model is preferred because of consuming less resources when compare with other modeling schemes. This architecture is authorized in Verilog. Behavior simulation is done by using the ISE simulator and synthesis can be done by using the synthesis Xilinx ISE 9.2i

The Fir Digital Filter Design based on Iwpso

The essence of finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter design is the problem of the parameter optimization. Namely the optimal parameters of FIR digital filter are the core of the design. In due to the traditional design method of FIR digital filter is not only accuracy not high but also sideband frequency is difficult to determine. Improve Weight Particle Swarm Optimization (IWPSO) to design FIR digital filter has less calculation and fast convergence speed. The simulation results also demonstrate that the IWPSO has better appro-ximation properties and band-pass characteristics. what’s more, the convergence of IWPSO algorithm made good results in filter design efficiency.

Design of Digital FIR Filter Based on MCMAT for 12 bit ALU using DADDA & WALLACE Tree Multiplier

Over a period of time, there are different types of multipliers used to minimize cost of constructive parameters in digital FIR filter design in different forms. In these multipliers truncated multiplier design play’s an essential role. Due to multiple adders and delay elements the circuit in transpose form occupies more area and consumes power. In the proposed method effectiveness in different parameters are achieved with low cost, high speed and effective results are done by faithfully rounded truncated multipliers with operations of carry save adder. Direct form of FIR filter utilizes based on MCMAT for multiplication and accumulation operations; it will reduce the area by decreasing the number of different components like structural adders and registers. By using MCMAT operation in the digital FIR filters, optimal results can be obtained in terms of power and area specifications. The proposed 12 bit Arithmetic and Logic Unit is designed along with MCMAT based digital FIR filter for reducing area and increasing speed in real time applications.

The Optimized Design of FIR Digital Filter Based on FPGA

With the development of communication and computer, the importance of digital filter highlighted. FIR digital filter can satisfy arbitrary amplitude frequency characteristic, at the same time, it can keep accurate and strict linear phase characteristic. So it has been most widely used in digital signal processing (DSP) in the modern society. After comparing several kinds of FIR digital filter methods, this paper studies in details the realization of principle and method of FIR filter based on FPGA and MATLAB while adopting a distributed algorithm. Finally the optimal design method is proposed and simulated.

Eigenfilter design of linear-phase FIR digital filters using neural minor component analysis

This paper proposes a minor component analysis-based neural learning algorithm for designing linear-phase finite impulse response digital filters. The objective function to be minimized in the least-squares design can be formulated as the eigenvalue problem for solving an appropriate real, symmetric, and positive-definite matrix. To achieve the eigenfilter design, an alternative neural learning rule based on the minor component analysis algorithm is exploited. The optimal filter coefficients corresponding to the eigenvector of the smallest eigenvalue of the positive-definite matrix can be achieved in an iterative manner, avoiding the complex computation of eigenvalue decomposition. Furthermore, the learning step parameter that affects the convergence performance is investigated empirically. The simulation results indicate that the proposed neural-based approach can be applied to eigenfilter design and yields a lower computational complexity compared with traditional matrix algebraic-based approaches.

An <i>L</i><sub>1</sub>-Approximation for the Design of FIR Digital Filters with Complex Coefficients

SUMMARY In this paper, we propose an L1-approximation for the design of FIR digital filters with complex coefficients. The L1-approximation has the advantage of having a flatter passband and a small overshoot around the discontinuity point as compared with the L2-approximation and -approximation. As the obtained filter has complex coefficients, it is possible to reduce group delay and to design a digital filter with a asymmetric amplitude characteristic with respect to the origin. The algorithm proposed in this paper is based on Newton's method, which is an efficient iterative approximation algorithm. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method through a design example.

An Effectual Approach to Reduce the Noise in ECG

Electrocardiogram (ECG) represents electrical activity of human heart. ECG is composite from 5 waves - P, Q, R, S and T. This signal could be measured by electrodes from human body in typical engagement. Signals from these electrodes are brought to simple electrical circuits with amplifiers and analogue - digital converters. Abnormal patterns of ECG may be due to interference from power line which is easily recognizable since interfering voltage in the ECG would have frequency of 60 Hz. This interference due to stray effect of alternating current on the patient or because of alternating current fields produce in the patient cable, and white noise generated by ECG equipment and these artifacts which must be removed otherwise it will convey an incorrect information regarding the patient's heart condition. The work in this paper is the design of FIR digital filters with new Window to remove the interferences or the artifacts and calculated SNR of noiseless ECG and compared with existing windows. Three filters are considered: Low pass, high pass and band reject filters. Each filter is used to filter the raw noisy ECG signal and results are observed and tabulated. In this paper we apply a new windowing technique to improve the SNR of ECG, so as to view the ECG noise-free.

Design of FIR Digital Filter Based on CSD Code

A high precision FIR digital filter is achieved based on CSD code. The characteristic of CSD coding is described and the structure of the FIR filter based on time division multiplex is given. FIR filter coefficients is generated by fadtool of MATLAB . The digital filter module is designed by Verilog HDL and simulated under QUARTUS II and MATLAB environment. The results show that the design can improve the accuracy of data acquisition significantly and reduce the use of FPGA resource.

Design of Low Power Digital FIR Filter based on Bypassing Multiplier

Low power design promotes longer battery life in portable applications and reduces heat dissipation in high performance applications. Multiplication is one of the important operations in digital signal processing and their power dissipation is the prime concern. Many earlier multiplier designs were analyzed to reduce the switching transition. Bypassing technique is mainly used to reduce the switching power of the multiplier. Various bypassing multipliers such as Row bypassing, Column bypassing, Two-dimensional bypassing and RowColumn bypassing based multipliers were designed based on the simplification of the incremental adders and half adders instead of full adders in an array multiplier. In these multipliers extra correction circuits are required to obtain accurate results. The extra hardware in conventional design results in more power consumption. So, to overcome the drawback of conventional methods, the proposed low power bypassing based multiplier uses a simplified addition operation to reduce the switching activity and it achieves 38.7% and 25.2% of area and power reduction respectively. By taking the advantage of low power bypassing based multiplier, a digital FIR filter is implemented. The experimental results show that our proposed low power digital FIR filter saves 51% and 7% of area and power reduction respectively by using low power bypassing based multiplier. General Terms VLSI design.

Iterative Linear Programming Design of Digital Lowpass FIR Filters with Linear Phase

Iterative Linear Programming Design of Digital Lowpass FIR Filters with Linear Phase

Design of Two-Dimensional Zero-Phase FIR Digital Filter by McClellan Transformation and Interval Global Optimization

The McClellan transformation is widely used to design the 2-D FIR filters. It is an essential task to determine the transform coefficients so that the square errors are minimized. This issue can be viewed as a nonlinear optimization problem with constraint conditions. This brief proposed the interval analysis (IA) to solve this nonlinear optimization problem. There are two distinguishing features of the proposed method when compared with conventional methods, such as quadratic programming, eigenfilter approach or Lagrange multiplier method, etc. First, the transform parameters are obtained by minimizing the integral of the squared errors along the desired contour, instead of discrete sampling. Second, the IA guarantees that the constraint conditions could be always satisfied, thus ensuring the reliability of the optimization. A 2-D fan filter and a diamond-shaped filter are designed, which demonstrate the feasibility of the presented method; images are processed to verify the effectiveness of the designed 2-D fan filter.

Improved bee colony algorithm based on knowledge strategy for digital filter design

An improved bee colony algorithm IBCA is proposed, which is a global stochastic searching optimisation algorithm possessing properties of both cultural algorithm and artificial bee colony ABC algorithm. Digital filter design involves multi-parameter optimisation, on which the existing optimisation algorithms don't work efficiently. This paper focuses on introducing IBCA and its performance in designing FIR digital filter and IIR digital filter. After presenting the basic knowledge about IBCA, we show how to implement it in FIR digital filter and IIR digital filter design with some adaptive measures to enhance its performance. It has been demonstrated by simulation results that the proposed IBCA outperforms particle swarm optimisation PSO, quantum particle swarm optimisation QPSO and ABC algorithms in finding out the global optima of the problem more rapidly.

Digital FIR Filter Design Using Hybrid Random Particle Swarm Optimization with Differential Evolution

Abstract This paper presents a novel approach of designing linear phase FIR low pass and high pass filter using Random PSO in hybrid with DE known as Random PSODE (RPSODE). In this paper, the Random PSO is used which utilises the weighted particle to guide the search direction for both explorative and exploitative searches. Differential evolution (DE) is one of the very fast and robust evolutionary algorithms which has shown superior performance for continuous global optimization; uses differential information to guide its search direction but sometime causes instability problem; whereas, PSO is a robust, population based stochastic search technique but has the problem of sub-optimality. This paper efficiently combines the Random PSO and DE so as to overcome the disadvantages faced by both the algorithms individually and is used for the design of linear phase low pass and high pass FIR filters. The simulation results show the superiority of RPSODE in global convergence properties and local search ability,...

A Feasible Direction Method for Design of FIR Filters with SP2 Coefficients

Based on the semidefinite programming relaxation of the design of FIR digital filters with SP2 coefficients, a feasible direction method is presented. Coupled with a randomized method, and a suboptimal solution is obtained for the problem. Furthermore, its convergence result is given. Simulation results demonstrate that the feasible direction method is an efficient method.

Research and Design of Virtual FIR Digital Filter Based on LabVIEW

Digital filter technology is quite important in the signal processing field. This paper realizes digital filter designing by way of the virtual instrument technology, and this paper introduces the filter plat front panel and program frame diagram designing based on the FIR filter algorithm through the LabVIEW platform. Through the simulation, the virtual digital filter validates the designing accuracy. The digital filter achieves the ideal effect in filtering, which can be widely applied into the signal processing field, such as digital de-nosing, and experimental study, etc. Digital filter panel designing has broad application prospect and research value.

Design and Realization of FIR Digital Filter Based on MATLAB

Digital filter is one of the most important parts of digital signal processing. This paper proposes the method of using window function to design FIR filter based on MATLAB, according to the design basic principle of FIR digital filter. Filtering processing for measured signal showed that filtering effect of the filter achieved the expected results.

Design of a High-Speed Digital FIR Filter Based on FPGA

To realize filtering of high-speed input data, and aiming at the design method of systolic FIR digital filter, this paper proposes a design method of high-speed FIR filter based on FPGA. The states conversion between coefficients configuring mode and filtering mode is finished by FSM (Finite State Machine), which ensures the system to work orderly. The experimental results demonstrated, it can reduce the input dimension and eliminate linear and nonlinear interference effectively. In addition, it is very suitable for hardware implementation due to its simple structure.