Deprivation Of Liberty Research Articles

Правовой статус лиц, освободившихся из мест лишения свободы: проблемы регулирования

The article analyzes the legal status of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty. The authors as-sessed this concept, defined its essence and content, noted the ambiguity of its interpretation and the need for differentiation with such concepts as “persons who have served deprivation of liberty”, “persons released from places of deprivation of liberty”, “persons released from serving deprivation of liberty”. Attention is also focused on the restrictions faced by these persons. It is emphasized that as part of the positive legislative changes, in particular, as a result of the formation of the institute of probation, it is necessary to develop a clear state-legal mechanism for the protection of the legal status of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty, with the aim of their employment, housing, restoration and formation of family and communicative ties, obtaining the necessary level of education, medical care, social services and other assistance.

Practical Problems Of The Criminal Law Institute Arising During Exemption From Punishment On Parole In The Republic Of Armenia

The article is devoted to the expediency of further serving of punishment in the context of realization of the goals of punishment, the problems of the criminal law institution arising during the exemption from punishment on parole, the need to review the mechanism for reporting submitted by the competent authorities in the context of assessing the likelihood of proper behavior of the convicted person and the commission of a new crime. Considering that the Government of the Republic of Armenia has adopted a strategy for reforming the penal enforcement system, which, among other things, also represents a transition from the traditional ideology of deprivation of liberty to resocialization and restorative justice, therefore, aimed at achieving this goal, should be more substantive. The Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia (adopted on May 5, 2021) and the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia (adopted on April 18, 2003 and in force starting from July 1, 2022) have a certain difference in terms of the goals of punishment in the context of the re-socialization of a person who has been punished; however, the measures aimed at achieving the goals of punishment are identical, since such measures should be aimed at ensuring the safety of society, restoring social justice to victims, and by resocialization providing convicts with the opportunity to abandon criminal behavior. The article presented the problems identified in law enforcement practice by the competent authorities in the process of compiling reports on the exemption from punishment on parole, proposals for their solution, which will make it possible to form a more complete and comprehensive picture of the personality of the convicted person, the behavior shown by him in the process of serving a sentence, the absence of the need to serve the remainder of the sentence, standing in the way of correction, the probability of behavior subordinate to the law and the realization of the goals of punishment.

Legislative initiatives to strengthen the accountability for corruption crimes during the war period in Ukraine

The article provides a critical analysis of the Draft Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts on Equating the Punishment of Corrupt Criminal Offenses to High Treason During Martial Law in Ukraine" (Reg. No. 9659 dated 08/30/2023). It was revealed that the proposed draft law article 111-3 "Commitment of a corruption criminal offense during the operation of the legal regime of martial law" was created by mechanically combining the relevant features of criminal offenses provided for in Art. 191 "Appropriation, embezzlement of property or taking possession of it by abuse of official position" (Chapter VI of the Special Part of the Criminal Code) - Part 1 of Art. 111-3 of the project, Art. 210 "Untargeted use of budget funds, implementation of budget expenditures or provision of loans from the budget without established budget allocations or exceeding them" (Chapter VII of the Special Part of the Criminal Code) - Part 2 of Article 111-3 of the project, Art. 364 "Abuse of power or official position" (Chapter XVII of the Special Part of the Criminal Code) - Part 3 of Art. 111-3 of the project, Art. 368 "Acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of undue benefit by an official" (Chapter XVII of the Special Part of the Criminal Code) - Part 4 of Art. 111-3 of the project, Art. 368-5 "Illegal enrichment" (Chapter XVII of the Special Part of the Criminal Code) - part 5 of Art. 111-3 of the project and Art. 369-2 "Abuse of influence" (Chapter XVII of the Special Part of the Criminal Code) - Part 6 of Art. 111-3 of the project. Such a concentration of different types of criminal offenses in one article is unfounded, because it violates the principle that is embedded in the construction of the entire Special Part of the Criminal Code. The decision of the draft law, according to which all six parts of this article provide for the same sanctions - "is punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of fifteen years or life imprisonment, with confiscation of property" is also questionable. Mechanistic formation of Art. 111-3 of the project destroys the specificity of the public danger of the acts combined in this article. The task of increasing the severity of punishments for corruption criminal offenses is proposed to be implemented in a simpler way - by supplementing the relevant articles of the Criminal Code with a new qualifying feature "committed during the operation of the legal regime of martial law by a person occupying a responsible and especially responsible position" with the establishment of sanctions of the higher level of severity. However, these sanctions should not be identical, as implemented in the draft law, but should take into account the nature of each individual criminal offense.

Кримінально-правові підходи аналізу профілактичних програм протидії злочинності в США

It was emphasized that in Ukraine, representatives of all types of law enforcement activities develop certain methods and measures to combat crime at the level of their own competence. Of course, there are national and regional programs, but specific bodies and their divisions have considerable freedom of action regarding the direction of professional implementation. This approach has positive points and some caveats. Guided by national programs, representatives of a specific law enforcement branch can determine on the ground the main "risk zones" and the contingent of citizens with whom it is expedient to work more intensively. The point of concern is that all services and units need to act in a coordinated manner so that preventive work is carried out in a planned manner and covers all areas of the population without gaps and duplication of measures. It is noted that the introduction of grant programs is a powerful factor for the full implementation of preventive measures to prevent crime. Each grant program provides for a specific direction of implementation of measures that will ensure work with the target audience based on a certain set of methods. Programs for work with minors are, as a rule, educational, those that cover the population in general - legal education, work with the elderly is aimed at familiarization with social guarantees and opportunities, in particular, with regard to inheritance law, lifetime maintenance contracts, etc. It was found out that today in all developed countries of the world, in particular in the USA, large-scale work on preventive activities is carried out at the state level. The authorized bodies develop perspective programs and create specialized units that implement these projects in practice. World practice on crime prevention is implemented through practical application after being established in the relevant regulatory and legal acts. Attention is focused on the importance of conducting preventive work with persons released from prisons in the context of their resocialization. Such persons need psychological and material support in order not to commit crimes due to the rejection of them by society, because many of them claim that it is easier for them to be in places of deprivation of liberty than in a prejudiced environment, when it is difficult to get a job, to restore lost social connections ties, etc.

Multiple functions of immigration detention: Police measures in the governance of mobile populations

Notwithstanding punitive implications, immigration detention as an administrative deprivation of liberty represents a characteristic police measure, targeting deportable noncitizens with limited rights and protections. Drawing on an analysis of the detention system in Finland, I discuss different functions of immigration detention, focusing on police powers in the governance of mobile populations. In Finland, immigration detention is separated from the criminal justice system and delegated to the police, who possess broad powers to impose coercive measures for the enforcement of immigration decisions and social control in the absence of effective judicial supervision. Despite being affiliated with the removal of rejected asylum seekers, immigration detention also is intertwined with crime prevention and control of irregular migration. In addition to deprivation of liberty in the first place, police measures support removal procedures that continue during detention, as well as other administrative strategies to control deportable people and deter unauthorized residency, involving varying degrees of coercion. Though connected with criminal justice and manifestations of penal power in border criminology discussions, immigration detention can arguably be better understood as a coercive police measure, which can be employed alongside other administrative means for immigration enforcement outside of the criminal justice system.

Crimes against personal freedom in the criminal legislation

Relevance. The article addresses the critical issue of protecting personal freedom globally and in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The significance of this paper lies in the fact that personal freedom is a fundamental human right, and no individual should be subjected to arbitrary deprivation of liberty, arrest, or detention without legal grounds. Purpose. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the criminal legislation of several countries, including Russia, Ukraine, France, Germany, and China, concerning the protection of personal freedom. Additionally, the study aims to propose improvements to the criminal legislation of Kazakhstan in this domain. Methodology. The research primarily employs the comparative legal method to analyse and compare the criminal laws of the mentioned countries with those of Kazakhstan. Results. The analysis reveals that the scope of crimes against personal freedom in the legislation of the studied countries is broader than in Kazakhstan. In many cases, crimes against personal liberty are categorized under a distinct chapter dedicated to this type of offence. Conclusions. The conclusions drawn from this research suggest that the insights gained can be instrumental for further studies on this issue. A thorough understanding of different legislative frameworks can aid legislators in more effectively combating crimes against personal freedom and potentially reducing their incidence in the future. Keywords: criminal legislation; kidnapping; human trafficking; illegal imprisonment

Perjuangan Perempuan dalam Novel Perempuan di Titik Nol Karya Nawal El-Saadawi: Kajian Feminisme

This study aims to fight for women's rights where the actions in it no longer respect the presence of women at that time. The story takes place in the novel Perempuan Di Titik Zero by Nawal El-Sa'adawi. Apart from that, the aim of this study is to identify the image of women in the novel. In order to achieve the above targets, this study uses a qualitative descriptive method. Based on the results of the analysis, researchers found that the injustice that occurred to the main character of this novel occurred before marriage, during marriage and after marriage. These forms of injustice are all behavior that can cause pain, suffering, especially to women, whether in the form of physical, mental or sexual neglect, including threats, coercion or deprivation of liberty. The results of this study are very useful in making everyone aware that women are the same, have rights that must be fulfilled, must be respected and not looked down upon. Keywords: Feminism, violence, women's role

Математическая модель оценки вклада вирусных гепатитов в формирование инфекционного пенитенциарного синдрома.

P u r p o s e : to study the role of viral hepatitis in the development and course of comorbid infection (disease caused by HIV, tuberculosis and parenteral viral hepatitis) in persons serving the penalty of deprivation of liberty. M e t h o d s . The indicators reflecting the epidemic situation of tuberculosis, HIV infection and parenteral viral hepatitis in institutions of the Russian penal system were analyzed. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted, followed by an analysis of the quality of the obtained regression models (calculation of the coefficient of determination). R e s u l t s . The following parameters have the maximum correlation between the predictors and the response function in this group of observations, with the subsequent exclusion of factors whose correlation with the variables involved in the calculations was higher than the correlation of these indicators with the response function: the incidence of hepatitis B per 100 thousand people (r = 0,86) [X1], the number of newly diagnosed hepatitis C patients in 2021 (r = 0,85) [X2], the proportion of newly diagnosed HIV-infected people in combination with tuberculosis and viral hepatitis (B, C, B+D), % (r = 0,85) [X3], the number of HIV patients receiving ART (r = 0,85) [X4], the incidence of tuberculosis in Pre-trial detention center (PTDC), per 100 thousand people (r=0,41) [X5], the number of newly arrested tuberculosis patients identified during the initial examination (r = 0,41) [X6]. The model was obtained: simulated mortality from HIV = –6,7 + 0,48 * X1 + 0,39 * X3 – 0,07 * X5 (R2 = 0,86). A similar model was obtained for the absolute values of the number of deaths; it involved the following parameters: the number of newly diagnosed patients with viral hepatitis B [X1], the number of newly diagnosed patients with viral hepatitis C [X2], the number of newly diagnosed HIV patients in combination with tuberculosis [X3], the number of patients burdened by premorbid background (injecting drug users) [X4]: The number of deaths from HIV= –0,36 + 0,06 * X1 + 0.02 * X2 + 0.36 * X3 + 0,03 * X4 (R2 = 0.91). C o n c l u s i o n . The association of HIV mortality rate with viral hepatitis and tuberculosis incidence is shown and estimated. HIV mortality can be considered as a function of the following factors: 1) the incidence of hepatitis B, 2) the proportion of first-time detected persons with HIV-tuberculosis-viral hepatitis coinfection, and 3) the incidence of tuberculosis in pre-trial detention centers.

Gender-based approach regarding the detention of women

Women represent a particularly vulnerable group within the criminal enforcement system. The necessities of women in detention differ from the needs of men, which determined a gender-based approach, which manifests in the adaptation of material conditions, rules from the place of detention, re-socialization programs to the specific needs of women. The gender-based approach is implicit at all stages of deprivation of liberty, starting with detention or arrest, allocation, execution of punishment of deprivation of liberty, participation in programs of re-socialization, professional, vocational training, medical, psychological assistance, contacts with family, granting the right to short and long meetings, leisure time and the application of disciplinary sanctions. In this study, we examined the importance of the gender-based approach, its regulation within the framework of universal, regional, and national standards, specific rules introduced in places of detention for women, and their practical implementation in Prison 7 Ruska.

A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY ON IN-PRISON TREATMENT OF PERSONS DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY IN A PENAL COLONY WITHOUT WALLS

This case study aimed to understand the lived experiences of the Persons Deprived of Liberty of Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa City. The study utilized a qualitative research design using multiple case study approach, with seven Persons Deprived of Liberty chosen through purposive sampling. Coding type of analysis was used as a data analysis tool. Results revealed, that the PDL were experiencing just and humane treatment from the jail officers especially that they were provided meaningful and useful activities and programs. On the challenges and coping mechanisms, they mentioned that challenges are triggered by different factors and their coping mechanisms are varied and it is important for their survival inside the correctional facility. Further, their insights were shared by giving lessons they discovered through individual liberty deprivation. The lived experiences of the PDL are eye opener to the whole community, to support them in order to provide them a social service intervention meant to address the issues and difficulties encountered by the PDL, this support will bring great impact as it will transform the lives of the PDL. KEYWORDS: In-prison treatment, Persons deprived of liberty, transformation, case study, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines

Online Gender-Based Violence Study: Analysis Of Violence Against Woman

The wider and more sophisticated the reach and development of information technology, the more popular the use of social media. However, it turns out that this technological advancement has presented a new form of violence against woman, namely online gender-based violence. This online gender-based violence can result in harm or suffering in physical, mental or sexual form, threats, coercion and the deprivation of liberty. Therefore, in this study, we will discuss Online Gender-Based Violence as a Form of Violence Against Woman. The research method used is a normative juridical research method. Based on this research, it was found that in order to prevent the occurrence of online gender-based violence, women must be aware of digital footprints, because they can be used by irresponsible parties to commit online gender-based violence and the impact can be very cruel. Woman are also less aware of the potential threats related to personal data that deviate from large impacts such as fetishization, online harassment and humiliation, threats of online violence to online trafficking of woman. Keywords : violence; gender online; woman

STRESS MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR PRISONERS AT LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS IIA NARKOTIKA JAKARTA

Life in a correctional institution is essentially a microcosm of life in society. Prisoners face various problems, ranging from the lack of prison facilities to inadequate fulfilment of their needs and various irregularities that occur. Although the only right that can be taken away from prisoners is deprivation of liberty, in prison, they are faced with the loss of other rights such as a sense of security, autonomy over themselves, and even the opportunity to have intensive contact with their families. This condition often puts prisoners under pressure, leading to frustration and depression. Unfortunately, conditions in prison do not allow them to relax due to the lack of entertainment facilities provided by the prison. The mental health of prisoners has not been given serious attention by the prison authorities, as evidenced by the absence of facilities and infrastructure that support this problem, such as psychological consultation services and media that can be used for entertainment and relaxation. It is hoped that this service program can bring a healing spirit that helps inmates relieve boredom and stress in prison. The activity format should be fun but not neglect the messages that need to be conveyed, such as a sense of responsibility, teamwork, and communication. The activities are carried out in several forms, including watching movies and interactive discussions, which aim to express prisoners' emotions and discuss how to manage them. To break the ice, other activities such as quizzes and games are also carried out.

Социальная и воспитательная работа с осужденными к лишению свободы: правовые и организационные аспекты

В статье при помощи системного, логического, сравнительно-правового методов исследования рассматриваются правовые и организационные аспекты воспитательной и социальной работы с осужденными. Целью исследования является анализ действующих нормативных правовых актов в части организации воспитательной и социальной работы с осужденными и возможности внесения в них изменений. Автором на основе трехуровневой модели (концепция – правоприменение – законотворчество) проведен анализ воспитательной и социальной работы с осужденными и сформулированы предложения по внесению изменений в действующие нормативные правовые акты, регламентирующие указанные направления деятельности с учетом следующих критериев: 1) баланса воспитательной и социальной работы; 2) учета кадрового и материально-ресурсного обеспечения; 3) взаимодействия учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации с общественностью. При проведении настоящего исследования автором использовались общенаучные методы: анализ, синтез и частнонаучные методы – статистический и формально-юридический. Научная новизна заключается в получении актуальных результатов по организационно-правовому обеспечению воспитательной и социальной работы с осужденными. The article deals with the legal and organizational aspects of educational and social work with convicts using systematic, logical, comparative legal research methods. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current regulatory legal acts in terms of organizing educational and social work with convicts and the possibility of making changes to them. The author, on the basis of a three-level model (concept - law enforcement - lawmaking), analyzed the educational and social work with convicts and formulated proposals for amending the current regulatory legal acts regulating these areas of activity, taking into account the following criteria: 1) the balance of educational and social work; 2) accounting for personnel and material and resource support; 3) interaction of institutions of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation with the public. When conducting this study, the author used general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis and private scientific methods - statistical and formal legal. Scientific novelty lies in obtaining relevant results on the organizational and legal support of educational and social work with convicts.

Проблемы осуществления родительских прав лицами, отбывающими наказание в местах лишения свободы

Отбывание уголовного наказания в виде лишения свободы нарушает семейные связи, способствует увеличению числа детей, оставшихся без родительского внимания и заботы. Несомненно, лишение свободы влечет ограничение ряда прав, но вместе с тем осужденный родитель продол жает быть участником семейно-родительских отношений, что обусловливает исполнение им родительских обязанностей и реализацию родительских прав. Предметом исследования выступили нормы уголовно-исполнительного и семейного законодательства, определяющие реализацию родительских прав осужденными, отбывающими наказание в виде лишения свободы. Целью исследования является анализ форм и аспектов осуществления и защиты родительских прав осужденных родителей, а также формирование рекомендаций по преодолению выявленных проблем. Методологической основой являются общенаучные методы – анализ, синтез и частнонаучные методы – сравнительный и формально-юридический. Научная новизна заключается в получении новых результатов по формированию рекомендаций в рамках осуществления и защиты родительских прав осужденных. Serving a criminal sentence of imprisonment breaks family ties, contributes to the increase in the number of children left without parental attention and care. Undoubtedly, imprisonment entails the restriction of a number of rights, but at the same time, the convicted parent continues to be a participant of family-parental relations, which determines the performance of parental duties and realization of parental rights. The subject of the study is the norms of penal and family legislation, determining the realization of parental rights by convicts serving a sentence of imprisonment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the forms and problematic aspects of the implementation and protection of parental rights of convicted parents, as well as the formation of recommendations to overcome the identified problems. The methodological basis is general scientific methods - analysis, synthesis and private-scientific methods - comparative and formal-legal. Scientific novelty consists in obtaining new results on the formation of recommendations in the implementation and protection of parental rights of convicts.

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Perempuan pada Tindak Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga

Every human being in general will always be side by side with differences such as differences between background or SARA, physicality, gender and many other things. However, this can also be a problem for each human being, such as between individuals and individuals, between individuals and groups, and also between groups and groups. These differences can cause conflict and trigger acts of violence or crime within society. According to WHO, acts of violence are the use of violence or physical force that is carried out intentionally or contains an element of intent in the form of threats or actions against a person or group of people or society which causes injury, death, psychological harm, and developmental abnormalities or deprivation of rights. This act of violence is also an act that violates human rights because this act does not reflect the norms and values ​​that reflect human rights. One example of an act of violence that does not reflect human rights is domestic violence. Domestic violence or what is commonly known as domestic violence is any act against someone, especially women, which results in physical, sexual, psychological misery or suffering, as well as domestic neglect, including threats to commit acts, coercion or unlawful deprivation of liberty. in the household sphere.

Conditions for Serving a Sentence of Deprivation of Liberty, as a Basis for the Implementation of Public Control and Compensatory Court Decision

An empirical study of the implementation of the right of convicts to compensation for violation of the conditions of detention in a correctional institution was carried out by analyzing the practice of Russian courts when considering complaints of convicts about the conditions of serving sentences, as well as an analysis of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The results obtained made it possible to identify the main types of violations of the conditions for serving a sentence of deprivation of liberty, which are the grounds for satisfying such complaints, the reasons and conditions affecting the occurrence of certain violations of the conditions of serving a sentence. An analysis of the practice of public monitoring commissions to monitor the observance of the rights of convicts serving sentences in correctional institutions has determined that improving the quality of complaints received from convicts makes it possible to find ways to solve problems related, among other things, to the conditions of serving sentences. The conclusions obtained have scientific novelty and practical significance, since they contribute to the improvement of penitentiary legislation and the development of the science of penal enforcement law.

Punishment for the crime provided for in Art. 134 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine: an overview of some problematic issues

The research paper provides a critical review of the lawmaker's model of criminal penalties for illegal abortion or sterilization (Article 134 of the Criminal Code). In particular, it is argued that the concept of criminal liability is complex and in its content includes both punishment and other measures of criminal law influence.
 It was also critically compared the models of sanctions implemented by the legislator in the current and previous editions of Art. 134 of the Criminal Code. It was established that, in general, the types and amounts of sanctions for the basic and qualified composition of illegal abortion remained unchanged. The difference was found only in the fact that earlier there was no provision for imprisonment for performing an abortion by a person without special medical education (part 1 of Article 134 of the Criminal Code) - instead, imprisonment for a term of up to two years is now legally established.
 During the implementation of the author's analysis of sanctions in the composition of Art. 134 of the Criminal Code, the classification developed by criminal law science was used, which allows to identify and systematize the main types of errors during the construction of sanctions of criminal law norms.
 Taking into account critical comments on the legislator's refusal to impose a penalty of deprivation of liberty in the sanction of Part 4 of Art. 134 of the Criminal Code is proposed, from the de lege ferenda positions, in the text of the sanction of the fourth part of Art. 134 of the Criminal Code after the words "up to five years” include the following wording: "or imprisonment for a term of up to three years”.
 Finally, the research led to propose an optimized model of sanctions in the first four parts of Art. 134 of the Criminal Code by officially referring to the minimum amount of the main types of punishments as follows: 1) in Part 2, restriction of liberty for a term of up to three years or deprivation of liberty for up to two years; 2) in Part 3, restriction of liberty for a period of three to five years or deprivation of liberty for two to five years; 3) in Part 4, restriction of liberty for a term of up to three years or deprivation of liberty for up to two years; 4) in Part 5, restriction of liberty for a period of two to five years or deprivation of liberty for two to five years.

Paradoxes of probation: Statutory limitation on the possibility of probation decreased the severity of judgments

Probation is a tool to decrease the severity of the legal system. In theory, more instruments of probation mean fewer people deprived of liberty. However, Poland previously faced a paradoxical situation: there was a significant crime rate drop and a growing number of suspended punishments, but—at the same time—the incarceration rate was high. Many argued that the cause of this state of affairs was the overuse of probation instruments. Almost half of suspended punishments of deprivation of liberty were ultimately enforced. The 2015 reform of the Polish criminal law aimed to decrease the statutory possibility of using probation. This study compares trial outcomes from before and after the reform. We examine files from district courts in 13 cities in Poland for two offences: drug possession and drunk driving. We conclude that the limit on probation decreases the severity of the legal system.

Improvement of the legislation of Kazakhstan on the prevention of offences by persons sentenced to restriction of liberty

Modern world trends tend to introduce standards under which there is a gradual departure from imprisonment as the main type of criminal punishment of convicts. Following the norms of the current legislation of Kazakhstan, the functions of mon- itoring such persons are carried out by the probation service. It implements a wide range of powers to supervise the registered contingent and interacts in this area with many government agencies and institutions. The article examines the issues of or- ganizing effective preventive work in Kazakhstan with persons sentenced to re- striction of liberty and other measures of criminal punishment not related to deprivation of liberty. The methods used in the work are: analysis of legislative and ap- plied aspects of the activities of state bodies and institutions executing criminal pen- alties, system-structural (scientific knowledge of intra-industry relations), compara- tive analysis (identification of continuity and specificity of various approaches to the formation of an optimal model of interaction between the subjects of preventive ac- tivities), logical method and method of transition from general concepts to private ones. It was found out that the role of the probation service in preventing new of- fences on the part of convicts is great since in recent years their number has been constantly growing, which indicates insufficient preventive work carried out by in- terested state bodies. One of the reasons for this situation is the imperfection of the legal framework governing their activities. The analysis of the current legislation showed the absence of norms in it that create a unified system for organizing pre- ventive work with the registered contingent for all bodies. With this in mind, pro- posals are being made to improve the norms of the Law of Kazakhstan "On Proba- tion".

Evacuation as a result of exceptional occurrences in the Prison Service practice

ObjectivesThis article aims to present the specificity of evacuationin the Prison Service practice resulting from an exceptional occurrence.MethodsThe article has been written on the basis of the author's experience while working in the prison service as well as document analysis.ResultsThe Prison Service is one of those state dispositional services which enable its adequate protection in the face of various threats. In this case, it is about isolating offenders because they pose a real threat to public order and security. The role of the services is to prepare for emergencies to minimise the risk of injuries, deaths and damage to property that disrupt society and individual administrative systems. It is a significant challenge, as emergency events are impossible to predict, and only their probability can be estimated and preventive and mitigating actions established.ConclusionsThe task of each professionally organised formation is to prepare for various circumstances, including crises. Events that require evacuation in the Prison Service are relatively rare. Evacuation under the conditions of the Prison Service is, therefore, usually a derivative of local threats: fires, natural disasters, and others, which require leaving the penitentiary institution. It should be emphasised that as prisoners serve their sentences of acute deprivation of liberty, penitentiary units must ensure their safety. This means acting in ordinary, everyday activities and responding to complex and unusual situations, including those requiring evacuation.