Deprivation Of Liberty Research Articles

РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА МОНОГРАФИЮ «ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО В ПЕНИТЕНЦИАРНОЙ СФЕРЕ» (АВТОРСКИЙ КОЛЛЕКТИВ: Е. В. ЕРМАСОВ, А. В. ПЕТРЯНИН, А. В. РОДИОНОВ, А. П. СКИБА, О. А. СКОМОРОХ, П. В. ТЕПЛЯШИН И ДРУГИЕ)

The review of the monograph notes the author’s conclusions as the most original and scientifically novel (regarding the public impact on convicts as a way of implementing public-private partnership in the penitentiary sphere, foreign experience, economic and legal aspects of resuscitation of exile as a type of criminal punishment, the activities of business entities and religious organizations, as well as the correctional and preventive orientation of the considered the Institute in the execution of various punishments , etc . D.), as well as its possible drawback (insufficiently extensive study of the interaction of institutions and bodies of the penal enforcement system with public and other non-governmental organizations in the process of re-socialization of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty). The general conclusion is made that the monograph contains relevant recommendations on changing penal enforcement and other legislation, creative solutions to theoretical and practical problems in the field of execution of criminal penalties and is worthy of publication.

РЕСОЦИАЛИЗАЦИЯ ОСУЖДЕННЫХ: НЕКОТОРЫЕ ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ

When considering various aspects of the re-socialization of convicts, its inadequate theoretical elaboration and insufficient focus on post-penitentiary prevention of the commission of new crimes were established. The article reveals numerous shortcomings of criminal, penal enforcement and other legislation regulating the institution of resocialization of convicts. It is concluded that even with the participation of the court deciding on the early release of a convicted person from serving imprisonment (parole, release from punishment due to a serious illness of the convicted person or replacement of the unserved part of the deprivation of liberty with a milder type of punishment), post- penitentiary issues are not sufficiently taken into account. The article substantiates the provision that when making such a decision, the court should take into account the possibility (not) of achieving the goals of penal enforcement legislation, the forecast of post-penitentiary behavior of a person, the likelihood of committing a new crime or other offense, as well as the need to provide him with appropriate assistance.

Determinants of hospital length of stay for patients with schizophrenia

Introductionrelapse and frequent rehospitalizations. The length of stay (LOS) of these patients has been a concern of researchers. The ability to identify determinants of LOS at admission – and, thus, identify patients who are likely to need a longer stay early on – may help treatment planning.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate socio-demographic and clinical profile of inpatients with schizophrenia, and to identify factors associated with LOS.MethodsIt was a retrospective study carried out among 90 inpatients with schizophrenia admitted to the psychiatry “B” department, Hedi Chaker university hospital (Sfax, Tunisia), during the period between January 2015 and December 2019. Data collection was performed through the patients’ medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.25.ResultsThe mean age of our patients was 32 years. Among them, 57.78% were women. The mean LOS was 28 days. Factors found to be significantly associated with LOS were: the number of admissions (p<0.001, r=0.404), involuntary hospitalization (p=0.001), violence and disturbance of public order as a reason of admission (p < 0001) and the lack of social support (p=0.039). As for the clinical symptoms, hallucinations were significantly associated with a longer LOS (p=0.001).Conclusions Our findings highlighted several factors associated with a longer LOS. This may be helpful to the management of hospitalization and ensuring that any periods of liberty deprivation do not last longer than necessary to provide appropriate treatment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

THE IMPACT OF THE PROBATION SERVICE ON THE SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONS RELEASED FROM PRISON

The article is devoted to the influence of socialization of persons released from prison by the probation service. The problem of increasing crime and bringing society to criminal responsibility has worried the world since the appearance of humanity. Article 13 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan states that everyone has the right to be recognized as a subject of law and has the right to defend their rights and freedoms in all ways that do not contradict the law, including the necessary protection, judicial protection of their rights and freedoms. Article 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights establishes that all persons have the right to equal protection by law, without being equal before the law and without being subjected to any discrimination. While the Tokyo Rules, recommendations of the Committee of Ministries of the Council of Europe No. (99) 22 provide for the provision of other opportunities, reducing the application of deprivation of liberty to all States, as well as compliance with the necessary human rights, social justice requirements and taking into account the needs of the offender with regard to the return to normal life in society, the Criminal Court proposes to take measures, not related to imprisonment, in order to optimize the policy in the field of justice. At the same time, it should be noted that the Concept of the Legal Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030 draws attention to the importance of ensuring "a balance of punitive, restorative and preventive means of criminal law regulation." Clarifies the procedure for providing social and legal assistance to the convicted person, the implementation and termination of probation control in relation to him. The convicted person is also explained the procedure for performing the duties assigned by the court and the procedure for bringing to responsibility for the performance or non-performance of forced labor and violation of the conditions and procedure for probation control.

Regulatory frameworks and experience in designing interiors and equipment of premises for holding persons in isolation

The article highlights the acute problem of the formation of architectural and object-spatial environments of penitentiary institutions in Ukraine. Today the correctional system in the state is improving and bringing Ukrainians closer to a safer and more tolerant society, but the problem of functioning of existing places of detention remains. Predominantly they are morally and materially obsolete buildings with problems of compliance with technical, sanitary, and hygienic standards, as well as the unsatisfactory functional and aesthetic organization of space. The article considers the problems of harmonizing the architectural environment of domestic correctional complexes, in particular, the design of interiors and furnishing of premises for the detention of persons deprived of their liberty. There is no objection that the complex design of a correctional facility building and interior design of premises for the detention of arrested (imprisoned) persons should be based on versatile requirements reflected in the normative documentation. Today in Ukraine there is a development of normative construction documentation for the design of premises for the detention (accommodation) of persons subject to isolation, based on the current state documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, the State Migration Service and the like. This rather wide range of documents, relying in turn on international provisions, puts forward requirements not only for the design of sites and buildings for the detention of persons in isolation but also for a certain interior design and equipment of the premises. The study and analysis of the available examples of world experience in the design and construction of penitentiary institutions can show a direct link between the design of the premises where prisoners are kept and the methods of re-socialization and re-education, the positive results of which are an important goal of the functioning of such institutions in socio-economically developed countries. The experience of designing, constructing, and operating foreign prisons and correctional centers of various security levels has been studied and analyzed, and the peculiarities of interior design and equipment of premises (cells) for the detention of the contingent have been revealed. It was found that the more qualitative the process of socialization in a safe and humane environment of places of deprivation of liberty, the lower the percentage of recidivism achieved under the influence of this environment, the higher the justification of state expenditures in this subsidized sphere. The article highlights several regulatory requirements and provides recommendations on the formation of a subject-spatial environment for the detention of persons in correctional institutions in Ukraine. The result of this research can be several conclusions, guided by which, it is possible to form a full-fledged object-spatial environment for the detention of prisoners (arrested) in a correctional institution, as well as to design interiors and furnishings for the staff, whose work is difficult and stressful.

Отношение к понесенному наказанию и его последствиям у лиц, осужденных условно

ntroduction. By receiving conditional release from actual sentence serving in places of deprivation of liberty, individuals can remain free and demonstrate through their lawabiding behavior that they do not need to be isolated from society. The persons with suspended sentence are not always fully aware of the need to change their lifestyles, assess the results of their unlawful conduct adequately, that makes research and development of how they perceive and evaluate the punishment and its consequences very actual. Research methods. The nonstandard interview method and the free association method were chosen to study emotionally charged perceptions and assessments of punishment and its consequences. Research results. The persons with suspended sentence consider the sentence imposed to them by the court to be just and understand that its main purpose is to give them the opportunity to correct and change their life. Those who have previously served a sentence of deprivation of liberty, in comparison with firsttime convicts, accept positively the fact that they have been given a suspended sentence, but they are more critical to the responsibilities imposed by the court, without no regard to their necessity and reasoning. The emotional component of the attitude towards punishment and its consequences in the case of first-time convicts is connected with the feeling of repentance and shame, but in the case of multiple convicts it is associated primarily with unpleasant legal consequences of the very fact of punishment. Previously convicted persons with suspended sentences are a vulnerable group from the point of view of their internal responsibility rejection for their offences, including such consequences as the performance of duties, restrictions and prohibitions, imposed by the court, which may create favorable conditions for repeat offences during the probation period.

The Regime as a primary means of correction for convicts: theory and practice

The article discusses the specifics of a correctional tool, such as the regime, which is part of the system of correctional measures for prisoners and is intended by the legislator to contribute to the achievement of the declared goals of the criminal and penal enforcement legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is empha-sized that the regime, being the main means of correcting convicts, is in fact not such, but has turned into a total means of controlling convicts and what is especially worth noting, taking into account the penetration of modern means of technical control into places of deprivation of liberty, provokes a contingent of criminal en-vironment to resist this type of supervision from which you cannot escape, which leads to this type of viola-tion of the established procedure for serving a sentence, such as damage to technical equipment (video cam-eras). The work makes an attempt to compare the regime with other means of correction in institutions of var-ious security and as a result, the authors offer their proposals for inclusion in Kazakhstan’s criminal and pris-on legislation, along the way, an understanding of the role and place of the regime among other main means of correction of convicts and its purpose is proposed and voiced, and also proposals were formulated for criminal legislation in the form of a separate article draft.

Про зміни щодо порядку призначення виплат для внутрішньо переміщених осіб України

The article analyzes financial support from the state for internally displaced persons. On the basis of the current legislation, the concept of “internally displaced persons” was characterized. It is noted that internally displaced persons are citizens, foreigners, and stateless persons who permanently or temporarily reside in the territory of Ukraine and are forced to carry out internal displacement within the borders of their country either forcibly or of their own free will. It is indicated that precisely because of the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, a large number of Ukrainian citizens were forced to migrate to safe places, saving their lives and the lives of their relatives, therefore, since 2022, the number of displaced people has increased, both within Ukraine and abroad. Statistical data on forced displacement by internally displaced persons are indicated. It is noted that the fact of internal displacement is confirmed by a certificate of registration of an internally displaced person. It was established that the state contributes to providing effective support and assistance in overcoming the challenges caused by the war in Ukraine for internally displaced persons. It is indicated that persons who lost their homes or were forced to relocate from places where hostilities are taking place or from temporarily occupied territories are most in need of housing and financial support. It is indicated that internally displaced persons are provided with financial support for accommodation in the amount of UAH 3,000 for persons with disabilities and children and UAH 2,000 for other persons. However, the Government made changes to the legislation on the appointment of payments for internally displaced persons. It is noted that the payment will not be extended for persons staying abroad for more than 30 calendar days in a row; are serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty; were convicted of a criminal offence; returned to the abandoned place of residence. It is emphasized that state payments will be stopped to those internally displaced persons who: purchased a new vehicle; purchased for more than UAH 100,000 a plot of land, an apartment, a house of other immovable property; have funds in the deposit bank account(s) in the total amount exceeding UAH 100,000, etc. It has been proven that it is very important for internally displaced persons to continue receiving payments.

Особенности совладающего поведения у сотрудников правоохранительных органов с разным уровнем агрессии

The article is devoted to the problem of coping behavior among law enforcement officers with different levels of aggression. The main factors of the subject's choice of a certain type of coping behavior are highlighted. The official statistics of complaints of persons serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty, complaints of ill-treatment by law enforcement agencies are given. Attention is paid to the concepts of “coping” and “coping behavior”. The main traditional classifications of coping strategies are given.

Bodies of the State Criminal Enforcement Service of Ukraine in the system of entities protecting the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens

The article examines the bodies of the State Criminal Enforcement Service of Ukraine in the system of entities protecting the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens based on a comprehensive systemic analysis of current legislation.
 The object of the study is the legal relations formed during the implementation of the State Criminal Enforcement Service of Ukraine in the context of protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens. The subject is normative-legal acts regulating the activities of the bodies and institutions of the DKVS in the field of protection of rights and freedoms of persons who are in places of deprivation of liberty, as well as the practice of their application. The methodological basis consists of methods: formal and logical analysis of the conceptual apparatus; system analysis; comparative legal analysis - to identify gaps in the legal regulation of the activities of the DKVS. It is noted that personal dignity and personal inviolability, not being the objects of criminal punishment, are actually limited when the deprivation of liberty is carried out, but these issues are not sufficiently reflected in the legislation. Such a situation does not correspond to the spirit and requirements of the rule of law. The functions of the State Criminal Enforcement Service of Ukraine are considered. It is indicated that in the legal institution of restrictions on the rights of persons serving sentences in correctional institutions, there are no necessary logical transitions from the norms of international and constitutional law to the norms of the criminal-legal complex, and within its limits from the norms of criminal law to criminal-executive law. The activity of the DKVS of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine serves the main purpose - the execution of criminal punishments, and its most important functions are related and based on the implementation of the main means of dealing with offenders, such as regime, work, education. The effectiveness of the mentioned activity directly depends on ensuring the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of persons who are in the sphere of activity of the DKVS.

Gender Based Violence and Public Health Consequences among Refugees in Uganda

Purpose: The current study was undertaken to establish the influence of gender based violence on public health consequences among refugees in Uganda. The main objective was to ascertain the influence of gender based violence on public health consequences among refugees in Uganda.
 Materials and Methods: In an effort to address the set objective, a cross-sectional survey design which followed both quantitative and qualitative research approaches was adopted. Quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used because they are complementary methods that work well together to provide insights that are both deep and wide. Data was collected from a total quantitative sample of 311 refugees. A qualitative sample of 68 of refugee stakeholders’ and officials from office of the Prime Minister in Uganda was determined by saturation point approach. The data was analysed at descriptive and inferential level, and later a Path Equation Model was fitted through Structural Equation Modelling in Stata Version 14.0.
 Findings: The key reference in the study is Sarfo-Kantankah, K. S. (2022), who avers that violence against women includes any act of verbal or physical force, coercion or life-threatening deprivation, directed at an individual woman or girl that causes physical or psychological harm, humiliation or arbitrary deprivation of liberty and that perpetuates female subordination. The overall result in regard to Gender Based Violence among refugees in selected refugee campcamp indicate that it is highly practiced (M = 5.32, SD = 0.88). The results also indicated exists there exists a positive significant influence of Gender Based violence on public health consequences of the refugees (r = 0.379). This relationship is statistically significant since the associated p – value of 0.000 is less than 0.05 (p< 0.001). The study concluded that that sufficient evidence substantiates significant relationship exists between gender based violence and Public Health Consequences. Finally, the study reveals that the biggest numbers of refugees are semi illiterate and this makes them unable to access any viable source of income which may give them or expose them to gender based violence and the associated public health consequences which result or impact the society negatively. Therefore, equipping these refugees with some skills may help them to be preoccupied with economic activities which will eventually have an impact on their life styles and hence help to mitigate the challenge of gender based Violence. 
 Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The government and other refugees’ stakeholders should devise strategies to enhance the literacy levels such that the refugees may be able to understand and collaborate in not only reducing gender based violence but also be able to take decisions for which the refugee sector relies on.

Glosa do wyroku Sądu Apelacyjnego w Warszawie z dnia 14 czerwca 2023 r., II AKa 272/22, dotyczącego zadośćuczynienia za niewątpliwie niesłuszne zatrzymanie (aprobująca)

Gloss to the judgment of the Court of Appeals in Warsaw of June 14, 2023, case file no. II AKa 272/22 concerning compensation for undoubtedly wrongful detention (approving) In the glossed decision, the Court of Appeals addressed the issue of compensation for unquestionably wrongful arrest. The Court of Appeals, while awarding the amount of PLN 15,000 on this ground, stated that it is adequate to the duration of deprivation of liberty, the physical suffering and negative psychological experiences suffered by the claimant, while also corresponding to the current socio-economic realities in Poland, without causing undue enrichment. The approving gloss to this ruling refers more extensively to the required standards regarding arrest and the procedural guarantees to which a detained person is entitled. Separate considerations concern the criteria for measuring compensation for unquestionably wrongful arrest.

ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ОДНОГО ІЗ НАПРЯМІВ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФІЗИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В УСТАНОВАХ ВИКОНАННЯ ПОКАРАНЬ

The article defines the need to make changes to the regulatory and legal acts on the handling of weapons by personnel of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments, taking into account the need to provide firearms and special equipment and training in the rules and methods of applying elements of physical security, which in turn are a component of general security in penitentiary institutions for the transition to the latest, modern types of weapons according to NATO standards. It is noted that in order to ensure the security of places of deprivation of liberty is one of the main tasks defined by legislative and other normative legal acts of Ukraine (in particular, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, laws of Ukraine: “On State Criminal and Executive Service”, “On pre-trial detention”, rules of internal procedure of institutions for the execution of punishments and the rules of the internal procedure of pretrial detention centers of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine), which are in front of the personnel of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments. In today’s realities, Order of the State Department on Issues of Execution of Punishments of the penitentiary institutions No. 86 dated May 17, 2001. “Small arms shooting course for members of the rank and command staff of the Criminal and Executive System” has lost its relevance against the background of the reform of the penitentiary service system with the need to switch to the latest, modern weapons in accordance with NATO standards and the implementation of the recommendations of the European Penitentiary Rules. The article states that the problem of handling weapons exists and it must be solved as soon as possible for the reliable protection of personnel and contingents under guard in the penitentiary institutions, which is an urgent necessity in today’s conditions. That is why there was a real need to develop a new normative-legal Act on the training of penitentiary institutions personnel, which will be intended not only for the skillful and effective use of small arms during the performance of official tasks: “A small arms shooting course for members of the rank and command staff of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine”, and mastering the skills of shooting with the latest weapons, according to NATO standards. Key words: physical safety, shooting course, handling of weapons, performance of official tasks.

Social conditionality and legal problems of penitentiary prevention

The execution of criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment traditionally belongs to the most problematic form of social activity. The main issue to be resolved is the effectiveness of isolating a criminal from society in order to change his legal consciousness. For this purpose, in conditions of closed social education, penitentiary prevention is applied to convicts, designed to realize the goals of punishment stated by the legislator. The authors of the article raise a logical question: how much does the modern system of execution of punishment in the form of imprisonment correspond to those social goals that are most in demand in society. Two independent problems are manifested here: the first is directly related to the social demand for the return of a law-abiding person after serving his sentence, and the second is related to the problem of legislative regulation of the entire process of execution of criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment. The main methodological issue, according to the authors of the article, is the change in the nature of the application of specialized penitentiary practices. To date, they continue to retain the law enforcement component, which significantly reduces its social conditionality, increasing the recidivism of punishment in the form of imprisonment. The authors propose, through penitentiary prevention, to change the nature of the activities of the domestic penal enforcement system from law enforcement to social. In part, this approach can be traced in the context of recent legislative innovations that have established the priority of social activity over law enforcement. The social conditionality of penitentiary prevention should be understood from the standpoint of the social significance of the process of execution of criminal punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty. This is necessary to understand the expediency of isolating a criminal from society.

The problems of counteraction to HIV-infection and its prevention in places of imprisonment

The article considers the problem of organizing prevention and treatment of HIV-infection in suspected, accused and convicted persons in places of deprivation of liberty. The HIV-infected individuals in places of deprivation of liberty are in situation of increased risk that creates objective necessity for in-depth study of this phenomenon. The purpose of the study was to determine specific characteristics of organization of support of HIV-infected individuals, to identify ways of contamination and its main risk factors among both suspected, accused and convicted persons and penitentiary institution personnel. The study provided sorting out of main aspects that resulting in convicts' refusal to receive drugs and treatment. The corresponding recommendations for optimizing general and particular prevention of these negative phenomena were developed. The conclusion was made that it is possible to apply complex methods to motivate convicted HIV patients for treatment. Some of these methods can include such medical social psychological measures of organizational managerial character as training of specialists; participation of HIV patients in comprehensive preventive programs; group support of convicted HIV patients; positive reinforcement application; individual approach.

Comparative Analysis of Life Plans of Inmates of Different Regimes in Places of Deprivation of Liberty

The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of studying and analyzing the life plans of prisoners in prison. The purpose of this study was a comparative analysis of the life plans of prisoners of different regimes (strict, general, colony-settlement). The study was conducted on the basis of correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Ryazan region . It was attended by 118 male convicts serving sentences in various regimes (general, strict, penal colony). Methods. During the study, the following methods were used: observation, conversation, questioning, analysis of personal files, methods: “Self-assessment of life plans” by A. V. Naprisa (modified version of the “Self-Assessment of Orientation” test by V. G. Deev); “Time Perspective Questionnaire” by F. Zimbardo; “Time Attitude Scale” by J. Nuytten, V. Lensom; Questionnaire “Style of Explanation of Successes and Failures” (STONE-B) T.O. Gordeeva, Ye. N. Osina, V. Yu. Shevyakhova; “Vitality test” S. Maddi (adapted by D. A. Leontiev, Ye. I. Rasskazova); methods of mathematical statistics. Results. It has been established that convicts in colony settlements have the most constructive life plans . For general convicts and strict regimes requires the development of a psychocorrectional program that will allow them to realize the values of their life, model positive plans for the future, and admit guilt in the crime committed and become law-abiding citizens

THE COMMUNITY SENTENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN STANDARDS AND SERBIAN CRIMINAL LEGISLATION

The goal of the research is to determine how the community service sentence has been shaped nomotechnically; what has been the scope of its application, as well as what is the relationship between its normative and implementation levels. Comparative, normative and legal-dogmatic method will be used in order to draw conclusions about the main possibilities and limitation of criminal law repression in the contemporary discourse. This is followed by statistical data, which serve as a basis for an analysis and comparison between the expected and achieved effects of the analysed norms. In the concluding considerations, the authors state that the punishment of community service has been and remains a pillar of attitudes regarding the need to promote more active participation of the broader social community in the criminal justice system. Although its ratio legis is embodied in avoiding harmful aspects of the sanction of deprivation of liberty by increasing the potential for processes of reintegrating the convicted person into the society, and reducing both stigmatization on the one hand, and the costs of the penal system on the other, the authors conclude that there is a profound gap between the expected positive implications of the punishment and its actual effects in practice.

Peculiarities of the formation and application of the institute of diversion (diverting) of children from criminal justice in the Kyrgyz Republic

Ensuring the rights and interests of juveniles involved in criminal activities is one of the priority tasks of the criminal justice system, but deprivation of liberty continues to be the most common punishment for children. The purpose of the study presented in this article is to determine the specifics of diversion (diverting) of juveniles from criminal justice and to consider the peculiarities of this legal institution in the justice system of the Kyrgyz Republic. The research employed both general scientific and specific legal methodologies, including logical-semantic, dialectical, abstract-logical, system-functional, historical, system-structural, comparative legal, and information legal methods. The study included consideration of the concept of diversion (diverting) of children from criminal justice, its difference from similar institutions (probation). The factors that determine the need for the earliest possible diversion (diverting) of a child from criminal justice, due to his or her age-related psychophysiological characteristics, were identified. International standards in the field of protecting children, particularly those related to the practice of diverting children from the criminal justice system, are considered. The main aspects of implementing international law on diversion of children within Kyrgyzstanʼs legal framework are identified and analyzed, alongside an examination of relevant provisions in national legislation. Drawing from the experiences of countries like Poland and Georgia, which have successfully implemented this legal mechanism, areas for potential improvement in the regulatory framework are identified. These include defining characteristics of the diversion process such as applicable stages, eligible offenses and age criteria for offenders, as well as the integration of mediation alongside diversion practices. Based on the results of the study, amendments to the national legislation of Kyrgyzstan are proposed, which can be used in the process of drafting bills to improve national legislation on juvenile justice and justice for

Gender violence in media: A study of Kaduna state media corporation (ksmc)

Gender violence is a global pandemic that has permeated every sector of human life including the media. It is a major public health and human rights problem involving all ages and sexes however, women in media, have taken quite the hit in the form of threats or abuse in connection with their work, as victims of intimidation, sexual harassment, deprivations of liberty or certain rights. As a result, this research investigated gender violence in Kaduna State Media Corporation (KSMC). Amongst others, this study purposes to identify the various forms of gender violence and the causes of gender violence in Kaduna State Media Corporation. Anchored on the feminist theory, the research combines qualitative analysis of relevant literature with primary data collected through in-depth interviews in which 10 participants from both genders, were purposively selected media professionals in Kaduna State Media Corporation. The findings show that gender violence exists in KSMC against women, in very subtle forms of abuse of power, assault, psychological abuse, and discrimination however, they have put in preventive such as sensitization programs and workshops to combat gender violence. The study, therefore recommends that media organizations should try and employ more women in their organizations and also, anyone found assaulting his female colleague should be severely punished, as the workplace ought to be conducive for everyone.

Certain aspects of exemption from serving a probationary sentence

The article examines certain aspects of the application to the convict of release from serving a probationary sentence. It is worth noting that recently there has been a tendency in the state to expand the scope of the application of punishment without deprivation of liberty as one of the directions of the criminal policy of our state. The author analyzes the criminal law, legislative and practical aspects of assigning supervision to persons released from serving a probationary sentence, and determines the strategic and tactical purpose of its implementation.
 In the course of the study, the essence of exemption from serving a sentence with probation was determined, its purpose, and it was also clarified what grounds are sufficient and necessary for exemption from serving a sentence with probation.
 The scientific positions of scientists who, in different years, studied “Exemption from serving a sentence with probation” from different positions were analyzed. It has been proven that among scientists who have studied the issue, there is no consensus regarding the legal nature and essence of such an institution as exemption from serving a sentence. The range of scientific positions starts from equating release from serving a sentence with probation and criminal punishment to the formation of an independent legal institution “Probation” in criminal legislation, which will provide for the legal grounds for the use of release from serving a sentence with probation and the consequences of applying this type of release from serving a sentence. Taking into account the assets of the modern science of criminal law, on the basis of the research results of such an institute, criminologists have given their own vision of the content of release from serving a sentence with probation.
 In order to improve this institution, preventive measures can be developed and implemented, which relate to the problems of control over the execution of criminal punishment.