Dakahlia Governorate Research Articles

Effect of progesterone on some reproductive performances in cattle

Our experiment was conducted at a special dairy farm in Dakahlia Governorate between the periods (March –May 2018), This farm consisted of 400 Holestien cows; from the total of the animals only 210 lactating cows. The established experiment applied on 40 cows suffered from different types of anestrum detected by ultrasonography as follow (15 cows suffer from cystic ovary, 15 cows suffer from smooth inactive ovaries and 10 cows suffer from persist corpus luteum to study the effect of progesterone device insertion in dairy cattle and its effect in fertility. On day 0, cattle at random stage of estrous cycle received controlled internal drug release vaginal insert (CIDR).We left the CIDR in the vagina for seven days as we inject PGF2 on day 6 and remove the CIDR on day 7, blood samples were collected from 25 animals at zero day, 3rd, 7th and 9th day from the tail vein, and then we follow the estrous and detected the estrus cow for AI and apply ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis after 30 day from insemination From this study it was concluded that the use of progesterone for 7 days +i.m. injection of PGF2α in the 7th day can applied to dairy cattle to restart ovarian activity and it is an effective treatment for different infertility cases like cystic ovarian disease, persist corpus luteum and smooth in active ovaries. Moreover present study provides evidence for the importance of prior exposure to progesterone for cows to express estrous behavior, increase number of pregnant animals and increase conception rate.

Relationship between Head Nurses' Job Performance and Staff Nurses' Commitment.

The Aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between head nurses' job performance and staff nurses' commitment. A descriptive correlational research design was used. Settings: all inpatient units at Sherbin general hospital, the hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health at Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The subjects of this study included two groups; 25 head nurses and 203 staff nurse with at least one year of experience. Tools of data collection included:performance evaluation observation sheet and organizational commitment scale were used to collect the date of the study. Results:head nurses had average level of job performance and majority of staff nurses were committed, it was found correlation between organizational commitment of staff nurses and job performance of head nurses. Based on the study results, it was recommended that enhance head nurse job performance through: develop and implement training program on job performance as a managerial skill for head nurses to continues improvement in areas patient care. Integrate job performance courses into the nursing curriculum to increase nurses' level of job performance. Conclusion: All head nurses had average level of job performance and the most job performance head nurses behavior pertained to unit management followed by patient care management and their staff nurses were highly committed. Staff nurses are more committed in Supervisor-related internalization followed by Supervisor-related identification, Organizational identification and Organizational internalization.

Influence of Potassium Fertilization and Nano-Chitosan on Growth, Yield Components and Volatile Oil Production of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla, L.) Plant

To assess the effect of potassium fertilization rates at [0.0, 50, 75 and 100 kg/fed. as potassium sulphate (48 % K2O)], different nano-chitosan concentration (0.0, 2.5 and 5 ml/l) and their combination treatments on growth and productivity of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla, L.), field experiment was conducted in private farm in Mansoura District, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, during the two winter consecutive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. Treat chamomile plants with potassium fertilizer or/and nano chitosan induced significant increases in vegetative growth (plant height, number of branches/plant, fresh and dry weights of herb/plant), yield components (dry flower heads yield/plant and /feddan, yearly), volatile oil production (volatile oil percentage, volatile oil yield/plant and /feddan, yearly) and chemical constituents (K and total carbohydrates percentages in flower heads and total chlorophyll a + b content in leaves), as compared with control plants which untreated with potassium fertilization and nano-chitosan. . Generally, the obtained results indicated that growth and productivity of chamomile plants could be enhanced by the addition of potassium at 100 kg potassium sulphate /feddan in combination with the foliar application of 5 ml/l nano-chitosan grown in clay loamy soil under Dakahlia Governorate conditions.

Assess Quality of Life of Children with Beta Thalassemia Major

Background: It is imperative to know further about QOL in children to assess and improve the care that they receive. Quality of life varies from other forms of medical assessments in that it emphases on the people's own opinions of their welfare and other features of life. Aim of study: Assess the quality of life among children with beta-thalassemia. Design: A descriptive research design was utilized in this study. Setting: the study was carried out at the outpatient hematology clinic at Mansoura University children's hospital in Dakahlia governorate. Sample: the study sample was collected from 124 children with beta thalassemia major. Results: Almost all the studied children who complied with blood transfusion had low QOL. Also, the majority compliant with chelation therapy had lowQOL. The studied thalassemic children experienced moderate QOL related to physical, emotional, and school functioning and experienced high QOL regarding social functioning. Conclusion: the highest percentage of the studied children had moderate levels of QOL. There was a statistically significant association between children's QOL and their knowledge. Moreover, there was a positive relation between children's ages and their total scores of QOL. Recommendation: regularand continuous health education programs are essential for children suffering from beta thalassemia and their mothers.

Detection of Leptospira in cattle and dogs in Dakahlia Governorate

This study was done to investigate the infection rates of leptospirosis in different Veterinary Clinics in Dakahlia Province during the period from September 2016 to December 2017, The study was applied on a total of 115 urine samples, collected from suspected cattle (97) and their in-contact dogs (18), which suffered from different clinical signs of leptospirosis. The collected samples were examined for Leptospira spp. by different methods as Dark Field Microscopy (DFM) and staining by Silver Impregnation Method “Fontana Method. The results of DFM showed that, 28 out of 97 (28.9%) cattle urine samples were positive, and eight out of 18 (44.4%) dogs' urine samples were positive. Additionally, the results of Fontana Method revealed that, 44 out of 97 (45.4%) cattle urine samples were positive, and 13 out of 18 (72.2%) dogs' urine samples were positive. To confirm these results, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting (23S rDNA) gene of Leptospira, was done on 6 urine samples, included 3 cattle urine samples and 3 dogs' urine samples (one sample was positive, and two samples were negative in each species). PCR result confirmed the DFM and Fontana method results. In addition, a treatment trial for three groups of cattle infected with leptospirosis was performed by Dihydrostreptomycin, Oxytetracycline and Amoxicillin, respectively for 3 days. This study showed higher prevalence of leptospirosis in Dakahlia by DFM and Fontana methods. Moreover, Dihydrostreptomycin, Oxytetracycline and Amoxicillin have been successfully affecting on leptospirosis.

EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICES IN THE SOCIAL CLUBS OF MANSOURA CITY

The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of food and beverage services in the social clubs of Mansoura City, El Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. It identifies the factors that have impact on the quality of service. A questionnaire form was developed to collect the required data for this study. A total of 256 forms were randomly distributed to eight(8) samples of social clubs. 240 forms were distributed to customers, 208 forms were valid for analysis; Moreover, 8 valid forms were received from social clubs managers and finally, 8 checklist forms were valid for analysis, to become the final total 224 form (93.3%) were valid for analysis. Three food samples from each social club were subjected to Microbiological and Chemical analysis. The results showed that; most of managers don’t care for neither the customer’s opinions about the quality of services provided nor the staff training, the majority of customers expressed dissatisfaction with the service in general and staff’s personal hygiene, Also, it was that there is weakness in the training of workers in terms of how to deal with the customer, preparing food, and neglect in personal hygiene. Key words: food and beverage service, personality hygiene, Service Quality.

The Impact of Compost and Polymers Applications on Potato Plants under Water Stress Conditions: 1- Vegetative Growth and Water Relationships

A field experiment was performed using potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; cv. Cara) grown in a private farm at Meet Zonkor village, Talkha, Dakahlia Governorate, to test the influence of water quantities, compost and polymer on growth of potato plants and water relationships under drip irrigation method in 2016 and 2017 summer growing seasons. A strip-split plot design was used with irrigation water quantities (800 draught stress, 1200 and 1600 m3/fed) and the last water quantity is considered as the common water management (control treatment) as main plots, compost (0 and 7.5 ton/fed) and polymer matrix composite (PMC) at the rates of (0, 10, 20, 30 kg/fed) as soil conditioners randomly distributed within sub and strip-plots, respectively. Each treatment was repeated three times. Application of compost or polymer significantly affects the vegetative growth and its water relationships issues compared to control. The mutual interaction of irrigation with 1200 or 1600 m3/fed with compost soil amendments (7.5 ton/fed) and polymer (30 kg/fed) had significant effects on most vegetative growth features (plant height, dry weight and leaves area) of potato plants. Moreover, data showed that plant water relationships parameters (relative transpiration rate, RTR and leaf water deficient, LWD) were significantly affected with the highest levels of irrigation water quantity without application of soil conditioners (compost and polymer) in both seasons. Furthermore, including polymer dually with compost under the scarce of water irrigation led to better water use efficiency WUE.

Role of Foliar Applications by some Safety Compounds and Shading in Alleviating the Harmful Impacts of High Temperature on Tomato

In Egypt, a large number of tomato varieties are grown but most of them lost their potential mainly because of the biotic and abiotic factors. Among these factors, heat stress that is one of the most important determinants of the continuity of the production in the late summer period. The aim of the current study was to assay the role of some treatments in lessening the harmful impacts of high temperatures on production of two commercial hyrids Alisa F1 and 888 hybrid. The study was elaborated in the open field at El-Baramoun farm, Mansoura Horticulture Research Station, Dakahlia governorate during two successive late summer seasons of 2014 and 2015. The experimental design was in split plot included six treatments i.e., naphthaline acetic acid (NAA) at 2.5 ppm, Purshade (CaCO3) 1%, Kaoline (Aluminum silicate) 2.5% as foliar spray and intercropping with maize through two levels of shading; shade 2 (intercropping with maize at two meters apart at the same side of ridge planted with tomato; shade 3 (intercropping at three meters apart at the same side of ridge planted with tomato). Significant differences were observed between Alissa F1 and 888 hybrid tomato hybrids for the majority of studied traits. In general, the mean performance of 888 hybrid grown under high temperature was better and more tolerant than Alissa F1. In regard to effect of the treatments, both treatments of shade 2 and NAA gave the highest plant height without significant differences between them. Furthermore, NAA at 2.5 ppm gave the great number of branches per plant over the two seasons. In addition, expressive increase in the leaf area was recorded for all treatments in the second season comparing with the first one, however, the shade 3 treatment gave the highest leaf area over the two seasons estimated by 730.87 cm and 772.8 cm, respectively. The treatment of NAA caused a high and significant increase in the total chlorophyll content over the control during the two seasons estimated by 1.15 and 1.72 mg/g, respectively followed by Kaoline treatment. In contrast, a great accumulation of dry weight was observed with the shade 3 treatment that gave 30.03 % and 30.22%, for the first and second season, respectively followed by NAA treatment. Kaoline caused a significant increase in TSS % compared with the control. High vitamin C content was recorded by the NAA treatment with significant differences comparing with the control. Concerning fruit firmness, shade 3 has a significant effect on firmness over the two seasons that estimated by 30.55 and 30.98 inch/cm2, for the first and second season, respectively followed by Kaoline and CaCO3 treatments. In addition, the foliar application by NAA increased significantly fruit set % that estimated by 13.10 % and 8.83 % for 888 hybrid and Alissa F1, respectively over the control. Concerning the total fruit yield, the shade 3 treatment recorded an increase estimated by 10.45 and 10.68 ton/fed over the control for 888 hybrid and Alissa F1, respectively as a mean performance of the two years followed by NAA treatment. According to the previous results, it can recommended under high temperature spraying tomato plants by NAA at 2.5 ppm combined with intercropping with maize at three meters apart at the same side of ridge planted with tomato which enhanced different vegetative growth parameters as well as the quantity and quality of fruit yield.

The rapid detection and differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members from cattle and water buffaloes in the delta area of Egypt, using a combination of real-time and conventional PCR.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) has the potential to cause infections in animals and human beings. The combination of real-time PCR targeting atpE or lpqT and RD1, and conventional PCR targeting regions of difference (RD) was rigorously evaluated as a descriptive molecular epidemiology tool. A total of 2100 cattle and buffaloes from the Menoufia, Sharkia, Gharbia, Dakahlia, Elbuhaira, and Cairo Governorates were tested by single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test (SICCT). The frequency was 74/2100 (3.5%); thereafter, on post-mortem examination (PM), 49/74 (66.21%) showed visible lesions, while only 25/74 (33.78%) were non-visible with a significant difference of (p < .0001). Real-time PCR using atpE or lpqT and RD1 similarly detected the frequency of infection, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy, which represented 73/74 (98.65%), 98.65, 100, 100, 90.91, and 98.81%, respectively. Multiplex conventional PCR targeting RD1, 4, 9, and 12 confirmed that 49/74 (66.21%) were M.bovis, while the simplex conventional PCR targeting RD4 and RD9 confirmed mycobacteria in 71/74 (95.94%) samples, which included 61/74 (82.4%) M.bovis and 2/74 (2.7%) M.tuberculosis. Additionally, 8/74 (10.8%) exhibited mixed patterns of M.bovis and M.tuberculosis, and 3/74 (4.05%) were negative. There was a significant difference between the results of simplex and multiplex conventional PCR (p < .0001). Moreover, simplex conventional PCR targeting RD4 and RD9 proved higher sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy, which were 95.95, 100, 100, 76.92, and 96.43%, respectively, when compared with the values of multiplex conventional PCR targeting RD1,4,9, and 12 which were 66.22, 100, 100, 28.57, and 70.24%, respectively. The repeatability results of real-time PCR using atpE or lpqT and RD1, and simplex conventional PCR targeting RD4 and RD9 were acceptable. In conclusion, a combination of real-time PCR using atpE or lpqT and RD1 as the first step with simplex conventional PCR targeting RD4 and RD9 as the second step was reliable as a diagnostic tool.

EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VIRULENCE, ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOFILM IN ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM BROILER CHICKEN

A total of 100 diseased broiler chickens of average age 22-28 days old were collected from different farms located in Dakahlia Governorate. All samples were subjected to clinical and postmortem (P.M) examination as well as bacteriological examination for detection of infection. Thus, E. coli was recovered from examined organs of 37 chickens with an incidence rate of 37 % (37 out of 100). Accuratly, 10 E. coli serogroupes were identified in 28 positive samples and the most predominant serogroup were O125 16%, O91 14%, O1 11%, O26 K60 11% & O86 K64 8 & O128 5% & O55 K59 3% & O166 3% & O103 3% and O144 3% and untypable E. coli (24 %). Studying antibiogram resistance pattern of E. coli isolates revealed that all isolates demonstrated multidrug resistence pattern. The highest resistance rates were recorded against Lincomycin (100%) and lowest are Colistin (7.14%) and other tested antibiotics showed variations regarding their resistance patterns. The most predominant serotypes of this study have the ability to form biofilm on the inner wall of the glass. PCR was done for detection of resistant genes (blaTEM and tetA(A)) and virulence genes (csgD, adrA, eaeA and fimH) in the 10 tested isolated serotypes and the results revelead that, 100% and 90% &100%, 90%, 90% and 100% were positive for resistant genes and virulence genes, respectively and investigate the relationship between them was discovered. By studying the effect of Olive Leaf Extract on multidrug resistant isolates, results were revealed that all tested serotypes are sensitive to Olive Leaf Extract (10% conc.).

IMPORTANCE OF MIGRATORY BIRDS AS A VECTOR IN SPREADING OF SALMONELLA IN EGYPT IN THE PERIOD FROM NOVEMBER 2017 TO MARCH 2018

Migratory birds play a significant role in the ecology, circulation and transmission of zoonotic pathogens specially Salmonellathat producing animal and human illnesses in addition to sever economic losses to poultry industry, so that the prevalence of Salmonella was estimated and studied from six species of migratory waterfowl birds along Manzala Lake in Dakahlia and Damietta Governorates, Egypt during the period from November 2017 to March 2018. A total of 100 live birds were collected from hunters and the internal organs of those birds were subjected to bacteriological examinations, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular detection of some virulence genes. Seven Salmonella isolates were isolated with a percentage of 7%, (7 out of 100) from Common Teal, Mallard ducks and Shoveler birds. Four different serotypes across the study sites were identified; S. Typhimurium, S. Bardo, S. Montevideo and S. Kentucky. All Salmonella isolates showed high sensitivity to Streptomycin, Erythromycin, Norfloxacin, Colistin sulphat and Doxycycline. Two S. Bardo isolates, S. Typhimurium, S. Kentucky showed multi- drug resistance. S. Montevideo and 2 S. Bardo isolates showed higher sensitivity to most of the used antimicrobial agents. Seven virulence genes (invA, sop B, mgtC, bcfC, spvC, fimH and fimA) were detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (PCR) in all of the examined Salmonella isolates.

Response of Broccoli to Irrigation Water Quantities and Foliar Application with Antitranspirants and Humic Acid as Soil Amendement on Yield, Quality and some Antioxidant

This study was conducted at El-Baramoon Research Station, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of three water quantities (800.34, 1600.73 and 2400.40 m3/fed as common used treatment) and some antitranspirants, i.e., kaolin solutions 4%; as aluminum silicate, calcium carbonate (6%) as well as humic acid as potassium-humate (80% humic acid, 11-13% K2O) and their interactions on growth, yield, quality and some antioxidants of broccoli. The second level of water irrigation (1600.73 m3/fed) with application of kaolin or humic acid or the first level (2400.40 m3/fed) with application of kaolin or humic acid had the most significant effect of plant height, number of leaves/plant, dry weight/plant, leaves area/plant, central and lateral head weights/plot, total head yield/plot and total head yield/fed in both seasons of study, without significant differences between them. Increasing irrigation quantity from 800.34 to 2400.40 m3/fed increased broccoli growth characters in the both seasons. No significant differences were found in vegetative growth and yield attributes betwee water quantities of 1600.73 and 2400.40 m3/fed in both seasons. Kaolin or humic acid led to significant increase in most vegetative growth and yield traits compared to control. The third level of irrigation water quantity (800.34 m3/fed) with kaolin application had significant increases in antioxidants (vitamin C, anthocyanin, phenolic compounds and total flavonoids content). On the other hand, the application of high level of irrigation water quantity (2400.40 m3) and application of kaolin had a significant effect on protein content, in both seasons. The low level of irrigation water (800.34 m3) significantly increased the antioxidants content and decreased protein content in both seasons. Application of kaolin was significantly increased in all antioxidants and protein content in the both seasons in comparison with other treatments. Generally, it could be concluded that kaolin or humic acid application under water quantity of 1600.73 m3/fed was the best combination for broccoli production aimed at maximum water use efficiency in this study. This in turn encourages such amendments to reduce water consumption by 33.3%.

تدوير المخلفات الزراعية النباتية بمحافظة الدقهلية " دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة "

Study in the Geography of Industry Summary The waste plant in Dakahlia governorate and most other governorates of the wealth is not fully exploited and represent the quantities in Dakahlia 13% of the total quantities in the Republic. The importance of recycling is due to its availability as its value evolves and the environment is conserved. Recycling is concentrated in organic fertilizers by composting and animal feed by mechanical, chemical, biological and silage. Waste is generated in all centers of the governorate, but its circulation is concentrated in only 8 centers with a prevalence index of 47%, most notably Belqas . The recycling rate was 26.5% in 2017 of the total waste in the study area . The investment in recycling operations yields a good return in a limited period of up to 59.1% . Recycling products are marketed to farmers within Dakahlia , owners of large animal husbandry farms, and the Ministry of the Environment. The recycling industry in the governorate faces obstacles such as high transport costs, ammonia and urea injections, limited recycling and storage areas, and lack of experience . Therefore, The role of agro-industrialization should be activated , Providing equipment for recycling , the operation of existing plants at full capacity, the creation of more of them, the intensification of extension courses and the provision of loans.

Factors Affecting Maternal Tetanus Vaccination in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

Factors Affecting Maternal Tetanus Vaccination in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

EVALUATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF SOME HERBAL AND FOODS ON TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS

This study was conducted to determine the effect of treatment of certain foods and herbs in treatment and improving the health status of tuberculosis patients. The study was conducted on 60 patients in Mansoura Chest Hospital – Dakahlia governorate of both sexes (48 males, 12 famales) aged 18-60 years. Some physicall measurements of weight, length and clinical examinations were conducted by hospital doctors. Some laboratory tests were carried out on blood samples of the patients to identify the proportion of hemoglobin and hematocrit. Also the sputum samples were taken to estimate the extent of tuberculosis incidence. Patients were divided into four equal groups (15 patients each) as follows: group1 (positive control group) fed on hospital meal only. Group 2 was fed on the hospital meal in addition to the herbal mixture drink (echinace, juniper, honeysuckle and horehound) 3 times daily. Group 3 was fed on the hospital meal in addition to the mixture of liquid consisting of honey bee, grounded yellow fenugreek, peanut and goat's milk 3 times aday. Group 4 was fed on both the mix of herbs and the liquid mixture. All the four groups continued on the hospital drugs beside food treatments over the period of the experiment (3 months). The herbs mixture and liquid mixture were subjected to sensory evaluation and chemical analysis to identify their contents of protein, fiber, ash, moisture and fat. All the mentioned tests were run during the frist and second months of the experiment and at the end of the trial period (3 months). The combination of herbs showed the best results in the elimination of the tuberculosis bacteria. Meanwhile, the liquid mixture recorded the best results in improving hemoglobin and hematocrit and increasing the weight of normal TB patients. Basedon the results, mixed herbs and liquid mixture can be used together side by side with hospital medicines to improve the patients' health status in a short period of time.

Isolation and identification of Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) from diarrheatic calves in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

In the current study, a total of 107 fecal samples were collected from diarrhetic calves from 1 day to 3 weeks of age from different localities in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt (Gamasa, Belkas, Sherbin, Nabaroh, Talkha, Almanzala, Algamalia, and Aga) during the period from year 2015 to year 2018. These calves were suffering from watery diarrhea, dehydration, weakness and recumbency. All samples were taken from calves which were born from vaccinated cows. The fecal samples from 107 cases were screened for the presence of BCoV by using Ag-ELISA and RT-PCR. From ELISA and PCR positive identified samples, we visualized the Coronavirus particles when negatively stained by transmission electron microscopy. From ELISA and PCR positive identified samples, virus isolation was done via MDBK tissue culture, six passages were carried out followed by identification of BCoV in harvested tissue culture via DFA test and indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence analysis of amplified N gene of the identified BCoV nucleic acid was done and compared with published reference sequences on GeneBank. The results of ELISA and RT-PCR revealed that: out of 107 tested fecal samples, 4 samples showed positive results (3.7%) and 103 samples showed negative results (96.2%). The viral particles showed pleomorphism with characteristic radial projections forming a corona, by transmission electron microscopy. All tested samples gave positive results with DFAT as yellowish green coloration was detected in stained MDBK cells which increased gradually with increased passages. All tested samples gave positive results with IP as brownish coloration was detected in stained MDBK cells which increased gradually with increased the period of incubation. further studies is required for better understanding the genetic diversity among BCoV circulating in Egyptian farms based on full genome sequencing.

Conventional and Molecular Detection of Avipoxviruses from Chickens, Pigeons and Turkeys

In the present study, a total of 90 cutaneous lesions samples were collected from chickens, pigeons, and turkeys farms in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during summer 2016. These farms suspected to be infected with Avipoxviruses (APVs).Thirty pooled samples were created (10 from chickens, 10 from pigeons and 10 from turkeys). Hyperimmune serum was prepared against standard fowlpox virus in adult white New Zealand rabbits. APV were identified in the collected samples using agar gel precipitation test (AGPT), indirect immunoperoxidase, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on 4b gene of APVs. The results revealed that out of 30 tested samples there were 16 samples (53.3%) tested positive via AGPT including, 6 chicken samples (60%) , 5 pigeon samples (50%) and 5 turkey samples (50%). while using indirect immunoperoxidase, positive results were detected in 23 samples (76.7%) including, 8 chicken samples (80%), 8 pigeon samples (80%) and 7 turkey samples (70%).The 4b gene of APVs was detected using PCR in all tested samples (100%). In conclusion, Indirect immunoperoxidase is superior over AGPT in APVs detection in collected samples from chickens, pigeons and turkeys. PCR could be efficiently used in molecular diagnosis of the virus.

Pharmacological studies on Ceftiofur in sheep

This work was done on twenty young male and female lambs (15-60 days old) in a special sheep grazing herds in Dakahlia governorate. Lambs were divided into two groups; each one has ten animals .The first group non-vaccinated, kept as a control group without any interference by any medication. The second group lamb was injected with ceftiofur (2mg/kg B.W) s/c at posterior aspect in the middle third of ear as single dose. Results revealed a significant decrease in total erythrocytic count, hemoglobin content, total leukocytic count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, eosinophil count, globulin, ALT, total protein, Albumin ;creatinine and urea level. On other hand, results recorded a significant increase in PCV, MCH, MCHC, AST, neutrophil count and platelets count in ceftiofur treated group compared to control one.

Conventional and Molecular Detection of Avipoxviruses from Chickens, Pigeons and Turkeys

In the present study, a total of 90 cutaneous lesions samples were collected from chickens, pigeons, and turkeys farms in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during summer 2016. These farms suspected to be infected with Avipoxviruses (APVs).Thirty pooled samples were created (10 from chickens, 10 from pigeons and 10 from turkeys). Hyperimmune serum was prepared against standard fowlpox virus in adult white New Zealand rabbits. APV were identified in the collected samples using agar gel precipitation test (AGPT), indirect immunoperoxidase, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on 4b gene of APVs. The results revealed that out of 30 tested samples there were 16 samples (53.3%) tested positive via AGPT including, 6 chicken samples (60%) , 5 pigeon samples (50%) and 5 turkey samples (50%). while using indirect immunoperoxidase, positive results were detected in 23 samples (76.7%) including, 8 chicken samples (80%), 8 pigeon samples (80%) and 7 turkey samples (70%).The 4b gene of APVs was detected using PCR in all tested samples (100%). In conclusion, Indirect immunoperoxidase is superior over AGPT in APVs detection in collected samples from chickens, pigeons and turkeys. PCR could efficiently used in molecular diagnosis of the virus.

MAXIMIZE UTILIZATION OF SOME ORGANIC FERTILIZERS TO PRODUCE THE HIGHEST YIELD OF COWPEA.

Two field experiments were established in middle Nile delta alluvial soils. The study was conducted on the two successive summer seasons of 2016 and 2017 in the experimental farm of Tag El-Ezz Agricultural research station, Agricultural research center (ARC), Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications, assigning nine treatments to study the effect of three forms of organic fertilization (without, farmyard manure and compost rice straw) as main plot, and 3 forms of foliar application (control, mix of micro nutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) and humic acid (HA)) as sub plot on growth, yield and chemical constituents of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). The obtained results showed that, addition of organic amendments in forms of compost rice straw significantly increased plant growth parameters (plant height, fresh weight, dry weight and number of leaves), chemical composition of leaves (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, N, P, K, Fe, Zn and Mn as well as quality parameters (C. protein, T. carbohydrates, C. fiber, ash and total sugar of cowpea seeds except with moisture conetnt) and yield as well as its components (No. of pods/plant, No. of seed/pod, 100 seed weight and seed yield, also availability of soil (N, P and K). On the other hand; mix of micro elements gave significant positive effect and higher average values for all parameters previously. The interaction effect between organic fertilization and foliar application show a primitive effect on all parameters and the highest mean values of parameters was recorded with using CRS as organic fertilization and mix of micro nutrients as foliar application.