IMPORTANCE OF MIGRATORY BIRDS AS A VECTOR IN SPREADING OF SALMONELLA IN EGYPT IN THE PERIOD FROM NOVEMBER 2017 TO MARCH 2018

Nehal M Nabil ,Ahlam E Yonis

doi:10.21608/avmj.2019.168766

Abstract

Migratory birds play a significant role in the ecology, circulation and transmission of zoonotic pathogens specially Salmonellathat producing animal and human illnesses in addition to sever economic losses to poultry industry, so that the prevalence of Salmonella was estimated and studied from six species of migratory waterfowl birds along Manzala Lake in Dakahlia and Damietta Governorates, Egypt during the period from November 2017 to March 2018. A total of 100 live birds were collected from hunters and the internal organs of those birds were subjected to bacteriological examinations, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular detection of some virulence genes. Seven Salmonella isolates were isolated with a percentage of 7%, (7 out of 100) from Common Teal, Mallard ducks and Shoveler birds. Four different serotypes across the study sites were identified; S. Typhimurium, S. Bardo, S. Montevideo and S. Kentucky. All Salmonella isolates showed high sensitivity to Streptomycin, Erythromycin, Norfloxacin, Colistin sulphat and Doxycycline. Two S. Bardo isolates, S. Typhimurium, S. Kentucky showed multi- drug resistance. S. Montevideo and 2 S. Bardo isolates showed higher sensitivity to most of the used antimicrobial agents. Seven virulence genes (invA, sop B, mgtC, bcfC, spvC, fimH and fimA) were detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (PCR) in all of the examined Salmonella isolates.

Highlights

Migratory birds travel across national and international borders; they can transfer microorganisms across the world and play a significant role in the ecology and circulation of pathogenic organisms (Georgopoulou and Tsiouris, 2008), those birds considered as long-distance vectors for a wide range of microorganisms (Nuttall, 1997)
Incidence of Salmonella isolation and serotyping results from different migratory birds A total of 7 Salmonella isolates were reported from 100 migratory birds that collected along Manzala Lake in Dakahlia and Damietta Governorates with an incidence of (7%); 5 Salmonella isolates from Common Teal with a percentage of (5/60) (8.3%), one isolate from Mallard duck with a percentage of (1/14) (7.1%) and one isolate from Shoveler with a percentage of (1/6) (16.6 %)
In conclusion: Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from migratory birds is necessary to the early detection of zoonotic strains and to evaluate the emergence of new resistance strains

Summary

Introduction

Migratory birds travel across national and international borders; they can transfer microorganisms across the world and play a significant role in the ecology and circulation of pathogenic organisms (Georgopoulou and Tsiouris, 2008), those birds considered as long-distance vectors for a wide range of microorganisms (Nuttall, 1997) It can carry zoonotic pathogens, including enteric pathogenic bacteria, either being themselves diseased or being carriers (Abulreesh et al, 2007) and implicated in the transmission of zoonoses and other microbial pathogen by three mechanisms: mechanical carriers, biological carriers and carriers of infected ectoparasites (Jourdain et al, 2007), the mode of transmission can be directly through bird its self or indirectly through arthropods, soil, food and water (Hubalek, 2004). Most of those birds stay in central and Western Europe, but some continue as far south as North Africa (Delany et al, 2006), those birds are common breeding resident on larger lakes of Nile Delta (Egypt), it considered as abundant winter visitor from mid-September, large number of this species present in mid-winter and by mid-March and most Coots leave Egypt (Goodman and Meininger, 1989)

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