Hadith Criticism Research Articles

Dominative Critique of Hadith Matn: A Habermas' Critical Hermeneutics Approach

Abstract. Dominative criticisms of hadith texts have recently caused some disruption in the established methodologies of hadith criticism outlined by traditional scholars. If left unchecked, this could lead to the imposition of Western biases, which might dominate one body of knowledge over another, or even one value system over well-established Islamic teachings. Two examples of such hadith are those concerning the age of Aisha's marriage and female leadership. Therefore, this study explores the application of J?rgen Habermas' critical hermeneutics, which has the capacity to uncover underlying dominations, to address these issues. The core aim is to investigate the ideological distortions present in hadith criticism. To address this problem, the study employs a qualitative, library-based research method, relying on information sources from various books, articles, and journals. Through the lens of J?rgen Habermas' critical hermeneutics, this paper reveals and examines Western biases, such as ethical standards regarding child marriage and gender equality standards. It also highlights that these values emerged post-Enlightenment, indicating that they are relatively recent compared to the origins of the hadiths in question. Thus, this paper attempts to critique and dismantle the hegemonic dominance that infiltrates hadith criticism, offering a movement towards uncovering these deeply ingrained biases. Keywords: critical hermeneutics, J?rgen Habermas, matn criticism, ideological bias, domination.

Decolonizing Method of Hadith Matn Criticism on the Case of Aisha's Age at Marriage in Western Scholarship

This paper critically engages with the methodological frameworks utilized in Western scholarship concerning the age of Aisha at the time of her marriage to Prophet Muhammad. Within the context of contemporary Western modernism, which has introduced new ethical standards and norms previously absent but now regarded as authoritative, this study aims to scrutinize the impact of such norms on interpretations within Hadith scholarship. Through a decolonial lens applied to the criticism of Hadith matn, it seeks to unravel and challenge colonial biases and Eurocentric perspectives that have historically shaped scholarly discourse on this issue. Furthermore, this research highlights the contributions and perspectives of prominent figures in Western Hadith scholarship, including Jonathan AC Brown, to enrich the dialogue on the subject. By advocating for a decolonized approach to Hadith criticism, this study underscores the necessity of contextual understanding, cultural sensitivity, and epistemic inclusivity in the examination of Islamic history and tradition.

The concept and implementation of common link theory in hadith research

This study discusses the concept and implementation of the common link theory developed by G.H.A. Juynboll in hadith research. Through a qualitative approach and using the library research method, this study discusses Juynboll’s views and works related to hadith and outlines the steps of isnād and matn analysis used in the implementation of the common link theory. In isnād analysis, the study identifies common links and partial common links in order to trace the historical origins of a particular hadith. While in the matn analysis, the study compares hadith texts with similar themes to determine the authentic parts. The case study of the hadith on “The Virtue of Conveying the Prophet’s Word” reveals the central role of a narrator in the transmission of the hadith, with the results of the isnād and matn analyses supporting Juynboll’s common link theory. As a result, this study contributes to the academic understanding of hadith criticism, especially in facing Orientalist doubts about the validity of hadith.

KRITIK SANAD DAN MATAN

This paper discusses the method of criticism of Sanad and Matan. In the Hadith studies, both aspects are equally important. Sanad is a series of narrators who convey the hadith, while matan is the content of the hadith itself. To find out the quality of a hadith we must find out the quality of its transmitters and content. Therefore, this paper is important because it discusses the method of criticism of Sanad and Matan. includes the critical methodology of sanad and matan seen in the periods of the Prophet, Companions, Tabi'in, and Tabi' tabi'in. In this study the author uses a historical approach, and in analyzing the data the author uses the descriptive-analysis method. Regarding the critical study of hadith, it has actually been carried out since the time of the Prophet and his companions. However, the criticism of sanad and matan in the initial phase has not been formulated as systematically and methodologically as in the final phase (alMuta`akhirîn). This is because there is still the figure of the prophet as an authoritative source to ask (clarify) the news that friends hear. After the death of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, there have not been many problems in the hadith, apart from that there are still friends who always maintain their honesty and do not want to lie in the name of the Prophet SAW. Criticism of hadith during the time of the Companions focused on testing the truth of whether the Prophet actually conveyed the hadith or not. The source of this paper comes from books/books, and journals that are relevant to the theme of the writing.

ANALISIS HADIS KOPI

Hadith is something attributed to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, whether in words, actions, approvals, or characteristics. However, there was an instance where a hadith received through a dream was then attributed to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. In the understanding of Sufis, this is considered a hadith of the Prophet SAW. One such hadith, believed by Sufis, is the hadith about coffee received by Sayyid Al-Qudaimi. This raises the question of the quality of the coffee hadith received by the Sufi from the Prophet Muhammad SAW through a dream. This research falls into the category of qualitative research, specifically library research, using the Hadith Criticism method, which is useful for examining the quality of the sanad (chain of narrators) and matan (content) of the hadith. The result of this research is that the coffee hadith received by the Sufi from the Prophet Muhammad SAW through a dream, in terms of sanad quality, is classified as a munqati’ hadith because of the broken chain of narrators. This hadith is also classified as maudhu’ or fabricated. Furthermore, in terms of matan quality, Al-Adlabi established four criteria for matan criticism. According to these four criteria, the coffee hadith received by the Sufi through a dream falls under the category of hadiths that contradict reason, sensory perception, and history, and it does not resemble prophetic speech. Therefore, it can be stated that the coffee hadith is not authentic.

KRITIK TERHADAP HADITS TENTANG FADHILAH SURAT AL-WAQI’AH DALAM KITAB TAFSIR IBN KATSIR

This article aims to find out the criticism of the Fadhilah hadith of Al-Waqiah in the commentary of Ibn Katsir. This article aims to find out the validity of the hadith about the fadhilah of Al-Waqiah's letter in the commentary of Ibn Katsir. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques based on library research. Specifically, this method is a method used in research as a critique and review of the literature, especially those related to research themes. Then because this research examines a topic, namely the hadiths about the fadhilah of Surat al-Waqia'h contained in the book of Tafsir al-Qur'anul'Azhim or better known as the commentary of ibn Katsir. The results of the study showed that Ibn Kathir used the tahlili method, which intends to explain the content of the verses of the Qur'an and all its aspects. The tahlili method is explaining the verses of the Qur'an from various aspects based on the sequence of verses and letters in the manuscript. by emphasizing the content of its lafadz-lafadz, its munasabat both between surahs and between verses, asbab al-nuzul, hadiths of the prophet, atsar of the companions and the opinions of the tabi'in related to his arguments. As for the results of the author's research, it can be concluded that the hadiths about the fadhilah of sura Al-Waqi'ah in the commentary of Ibn Katsir, based on the muhadditsin's comments that the hadiths about the primacy of surah al-Waqi'ah are the history of the sanads of mudtarib, majhul, munqathi'. Likewise according to Imam Ahmad, Abu Hatim, al-Daaruquthni, al-Baihaqi, and Ibnul Jauzi. In summary, this hadith is flawed so that it is not authentic. Likewise according to Imam Ahmad, Abu Hatim, al-Daaruquthni, al-Baihaqi, and Ibnul Jauzi. In summary, this hadith is flawed so that it is not authentic.

Mudraj Hadith and Its Relationship with the Art of Hadith Text Criticism

This study aims to explain the relationship between determining mudraj (interpolated), which is one of the types of weak hadith, and the art of critiquing hadith texts, which is included in one of the processes of assessing the status of hadith or also referred to as hadith criticism. Based on the authors’ observations, there has never been a connection between determining the mudraj of the text and text criticism in specific studies. The authors employ library research methods and text analysis to identify the approach used by hadith scholars in determining idrāj and mudraj expressions, evaluating the discussed examples, and their relationship with the art of text or matan (text/content) criticism. The study results indicate that the art of critiquing hadith texts has long been rooted in the discussions of hadith science and is highly objective without being influenced by any ideology or thought. At the same time, it can refute baseless accusations that hadith scholars have neglected textual aspects and only focused on the isnad aspect alone.

Unveiling Prophetic Maqashid in Hadiths about Rahn

This article delved into the interplay between hadiths related to rahn (pledge or collateral) and the prophetic maqashid within the framework of Islamic finance. Addressing the gaps in existing literature, the research employs qualitative methods, combining hadith criticism and Hassan Hanafi's hermeneutics framework. Three main themes emerge: the permissibility of rahn, the utilization of rahn property, and the prohibition of owning rahn property. Hadiths regarding the permissibility of rahn showcase Prophet Muhammad's practical application of Islamic principles in economic transactions, emphasizing justice, ethical business practices, and leadership involvement. Hadiths on the utilization of rahn property emphasize compensation, tolerance, and ethical treatment of animals, aligning with Islamic values in economic activities. The prohibition of owning rahn property hadith establishes fundamental principles of justice, equality, and the protection of individual rights in economic transactions. The article concluded that these hadiths not only serve as legal guidance but also embody prophetic maqashid, contributing to the broader goals of Islam to create a just and balanced society, particularly in economics and finance. The comprehensive framework provided by these hadiths offers valuable insights for both academics and practitioners navigating the evolving landscape of Islamic finance, addressing contemporary challenges while upholding Islamic values

Problems of interpreting the main types of hadith in terms of their correct understanding

Relevance. This study provides traditional insights into the hadith and Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad as an important source of Islamic religion and Muslim culture in general. All the Prophet's activities are covered by the Sunnah, which was, remains and will remain one of the main sources of Muslim law, secondary solely to the Holy Koran.Purpose. The purpose of the study was to conduct a systematic analysis of the stages of hadith study based on Sheikh Abdullah Harare's theology and to draw attention to the complexity of the science of hadith.Methodology. The methodology for analysing the veracity and accuracy of the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad involves a set of specific procedures and activities.Results. This study covers topics such as the concept of hadith, its meaning, hadith teaching and distribution, recording, the Isnad system, criticism of hadith, the classification of scholars and its impact on the classification of hadith, fabrication of hadith, etc. The types of hadith in terms of the credibility of the chain of transmitters and the authenticity of the texts were investigated. Each type of hadith is unique. Thus, every scholar, theologian, orientalist and ordinary reader of the hadith before diving into this science must be more or less familiar with it unless he wants to go down the wrong path.Conclusions. People have always distorted texts when passing them on or translating them to one another. Sometimes these distortions occurred unintentionally and sometimes deliberately. The science of hadith helps to clearly assess each individual expression attributed to the Prophet Muhammad in terms of its veracity. The task of hadith scholars is to determine the truth of hadith. Only after examining the biographies of the people mentioned in the Isnad (chain of transmissions) to convince them of their positive moral and intellectual qualities it is possible to judge the authenticity of a particular hadith.

Eksplorasi Kesahihan Hadis dalam Tradisi Sufi Aceh: Studi Kasus Majelis Pengkajian Tauhid dan Tasawuf Indonesia

Exploring the Authenticity of Hadith in the Sufi Tradition of Aceh: A Case Study of the Majelis Pengkajian Tauhid dan Tasawuf IndonesiaThis article explores the Majelis Pengkajian Tauhid dan Tasawuf Indonesia (MPTT-I), a Sufi group, and its critique of Hadith. Drawing on data from the book "Ajaran Tauhid Tasawuf dan Tauhid Sufi," it identifies several Hadith used by MPTT-I, which hadith scholars classify as fabricated. Despite their dubious status, MPTT-I employs these Hadith to substantiate their Sufi teachings. Theoretical disparities in standards for authenticating Hadith between Hadith scholars and Sufi scholars prompt an inquiry: Does MPTT-I lean towards the Sufi scholars' method, involving kashf, or the Hadith scholars' method, prevalent among Acehnese scholars, or do they strike a balance by internalizing the Sufi scholars' approach for teaching while deploying the Hadith scholars' method as a negotiation strategy with the majority's teachings? To answer this, data from interviews and documentation are subjected to content analysis and an interdisciplinary approach. Findings reveal that MPTT-I's Hadith criticism method differs from both Sufi and Hadith scholars. They eschew the kashf method, prioritizing content quality over the chain of narration (sanad). Moreover, MPTT-I accords equal importance to the authority of core and ancillary texts when assessing Hadith quality, especially in legitimizing their Sufi teachings.

Metin Eksenli Hadis Tenkit Yöntemi Olarak Nesh

İhtilâfu’l-hadîs’te rivayetler arası ihtilâfı çözmek için sıkça başvurulan yöntemlerden birisi de neshtir. Aralarında ihtilâf algısı olan rivayetlerde nesh ilişkisi varsa, aslında ihtilâfın olmadığı, ihtilâfın muhatabın algısında olduğu anlaşılır. Aralarında nesh ilişkisi kesin olan rivayetlerin sayısı toplamda on iki civarındadır. Bu rivayetlerin dışındaki nesh hükümlerinin ekseriyeti ictihâdî olup ihtimal kaydıyla verilen hükümlerdir. Aralarında nesh ilişkisi konusunda kesin bilgi bulunmayan rivayetlerde nesh ihtimaliyle hareket edilmekte ve mensûh kabul edilerek tenkit edilmektedir. Nesh ilişkisine dair hiçbir bilginin bulunmadığı nesh hükümlerinin ekseriyeti bir metin eksenli hadis tenkit uygulaması olarak görülmektedir. Zira tenkide maruz kalan rivayet, mensûh kabul edilerek kendisiyle amel edilmemektedir. Klasik ulemânın hadis metinlerine yönelik tenkitleri ihtilâfu’l-hadîs literatüründe görülmektedir. İhtilâfu’l-hadîs literatüründe çözüm yöntemleri olarak kullanılan cem ve te’lif, nesh ve tercih yolları bazen metin eksenli bir hadis tenkidi olarak uygulanmaktadır. Hakkında verilen nesh hükümleri ile birlikte tenkit edilen hadis metninin Kur’an’a ve sünnete aykırılığına dair hükümler verilmektedir. Bununla birlikte kesin bilgi barındırmayan durumlarda verilen nesh hükümlerine itirazlar olmuştur. Bu itirazlara göre usûl ve esasları belirlenmeyen ve ihtimal kaydı verilen nesh hükümleri, hadislerin inkarına yol açmaktadır. Bu durum ise sadece hadis metin tenkidini barındıran bir tavırdır. Bu çalışmada özellikle bu yöntemlerden nesh yönteminin metin eksenli hadis tenkit yöntemi olarak uygulanmasına değinilecektir. İhtilâfu’l-hadîs literatüründeki metin eksenli hadis tenkit yöntemi olarak kullandığı nesh uygulamaları, örneklem yöntemiyle ele alınmıştır. Ele alınan örnekler kapsamda hadis şerhleri, ihtilâfu’l-hadîs eserleri ve fıkıh eserleri taranarak neshi bir metin eksenli hadis tenkit yöntemi olarak kullanan ulemânın görüşleri analiz edilmiştir. Binaenaleyh bazı nesh hükümlerinin arka planında metin eksenli hadis tenkidi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Telaah Konteks Historis tentang Ayat Pelarangan Mendoakan Kerabat yang Musyrik: Studi Konsep Asbab Al-Nuzul Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd

Various restrictions on relationships or interactions with people of different beliefs sourced from the Qur’an lead to various responses, one of which is the attempt to find the reason behind the restrictions. QS. al-Taubah [9]:113 is one of the verses of the Qur’an that plays a role in creating these restrictions. This research aims to find various reasons behind the prohibition of praying for polytheists in QS. al-Taubah [9]:113 by looking at the dynamics of asbab al-nuzul of the verse and the socio-cultural reality of Arab society at that time which played a role in shaping the construction of the Qur’anic text by using Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd’s asbab al-nuzul approach. The type of research that will be used in this paper is library research. The results found from this study, first, the number of asbab al-nuzul narrations of this verse has implications, namely the assumption that QS. al-Taubah [9]:113 was revealed repeatedly, and other opinions that state such conclusions cause confusion so that there is a need for an in-depth study of hadith criticism. Secondly, the sharp conflict between Muslims and polytheists from the period of Makkah to Madinah influenced the construction of the text of QS. al-Taubah [9]:113 and the reason for the prohibition of praying and asking forgiveness for polytheist relatives. The nature of research that examines the historical aspects of a verse, needs to be appreciated and even enlivened in order to reveal the right interpretation of the Qur’an and find reasons from the aspect of tasyri’.

Adverse Effects of Recruiting Non-Expert Officials

This article elaborates and analyzes the meaning of the predictive Hadith about Handing over affairs to non-experts, then criticizes its authenticity and analyzes its content and implementation in the present context. The method used is the tahli>li method and textual, intertextual, and contextual interpretation techniques with a multidisciplinary approach. Before criticizing the authenticity of the Hadith based on the rules of hadith validity, first, perform takhri>j al-hadi>s\ by using the keyword d} uyi'at al-ama>nat. After recognizing the quality of the traditions traced in this study as sahih traditions, a study of ma'a>ni> al-hadith followed. The results show that the Prophetic tradition is of sahih quality. This study shows that the predictive hadith "Handing over affairs to non-experts is a sign of the end of the world," narrated by Ahmad ibn Hanbal, in terms of quantity, is classified as a garīb hadith because the narrator's line from the level of the companion (a'lā) to the fourth level of the narrator is single. Regarding the quality of the sanad and matan, it is classified as a hasan hadith because one of the narrators, Fulaih, based on the conclusion of the assessment of the hadith critics, was not d}a>bit}. However, due to the existence of al-Bukhari's chain of transmission, the Hadith rises to the level of sahih ligairih. Thus, the Hadith has legal authority to be used as an argument (hujjah).

نقد متن الحديث عند نور الدين عتر وصلاح الدين الأدلبي

Some fabricated hadiths spread in an era after the Companions, therefore, the importance of hadith criticism was underestimated. Its provenance, and had a strong influence on the later and contemporary scholars in finding the text criticism, the two researchers identified his interest in the criticism of the text of the hadith and its comparison with the contemporary scholars, Nur al-Din Atar and Salah al-Din bin Ahmed al-Idlibi, aiming to know the criticism of the text with them, and a comparison between their methodologies. The researchers' approach in this research is a comparative study, where the researchers read several books related to this research, taking the opinions of scholars from the advanced and contemporary scholars, and then making a comparison between their approaches. Among the most important results are criteria for criticizing the text, including the criteria agreed upon: (1) contrary to the Qur’an, (2) contrary to hadith, (3) contrary to reason, sense, or history, and (4) that the text does not resemble the words of the prophecy, and includes risks and weaknesses. And Samajah. And there is no difference between Salah al-Din ibn Ahmad al-Adlbi and Nour al-Din Atar in the criticism of the text except in the easy measures, which are (1) in the methodology of Nour al-Din Atar, he mentioned the rickety, and in the methodology of al-Adlbi he mentioned its addition, which is the slander and the samajah. (2) In the methodology of Nur al-Din Atar, there is a criterion: “to search for the hadith, then there is no finding among its people from the chests of the narrators and the stomachs of the books, after the hadiths have been extrapolated and written down.” However, this criterion is not found with Al-Adlbi. The approach of Nur al-Din Atar There is a measure: collecting hadith by extrapolating the chapters, and this measure does not exist with al-Adlbi. The methodology of criticism of the text according to Nur al-Din Atar and Salah al-Din ibn Ahmad al-Adlabi are all in agreement with the methodology of criticism of the text according to the audience. Keywords: matn hadith, method, criticism of hadith.

Hadith Critics Categories in The Selection of Hadith Narrators: A Comparative Analysis

The abundance of scholarly approaches within the field of hadith studies, particularly disciplines like the science of criticism and verification (jarh wa ta’dil), utilized for classifying the authenticity of a hadith, underscores the significance of discerning between the soundness of the content (matn) and the reliability of the chain of narrators (sanad). In response to this phenomenon, hadith scholars have undertaken comprehensive critical examinations encompassing both the matn and sanad without neglecting their interrelationship. Within the realm of hadith scholarship, the evaluation of the sanad serves as a yardstick for assessing the validity of a hadith, whereby the authenticity of the sanad, untainted by disparagement (jarh), plays a pivotal role in determining the reliability of the hadith. In this study, a quantitative methodology has been employed as supplementary data for a library-based research approach. This choice is justified by the existence of disparate viewpoints among categories of hadith critics, which contribute to the determination of hadith authenticity. Each category of hadith critic adheres to specific criteria when ascertaining the soundness of a hadith. Accordingly, this article delves into an in-depth exploration of the different groups of critics of hadith narrators. The aim is to caution against hastily passing judgments on potentially weak hadiths, preventing their outright dismissal or preclusion as sources of legal evidence (dalil syari).

Muqaddima of Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ and the Revival of Hadith Studies in the Mamluk Era

Abstract In hadith historiography, the Muqaddima (Introduction) of Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ (d. 643/1245) marked the beginning of a new era in the preservation of hadith sciences. It determined the direction of the discourse of hadith for centuries and inaugurated a cultural revolution in the Mamluk era. This article aims at explaining why and how the phenomenon occurred. Furthermore, associating the publication of the Muqaddima with the state of hadith scholarship in the 7/13 century exposes the primary factors and key people behind the spread of Muqaddima and the changes that followed. The study is qualitative in nature and used both inductive and deductive methods to analyse data acquired from various biographical dictionaries and isnād collections. It discovers that the publication of the Muqaddima has rejuvenated the study of hadith in the Mamluk era after centuries of irreversible decline through the formation of a scholarly network across the Islamic countries which sought to simplify the content of the Muqaddima for hadith students. Their works have indirectly opened the opportunity for more people to discuss hadith criticism, which was originally limited to elite scholars. Damascus and Egypt played a key role in this movement due to their strategic position as the primary center of hadith studies after the destruction of Khurasan and Baghdad by the Mongols. This finding will, to some extent, complete our understanding of the history of pre-modern hadith scholarship that is less highlighted today.

Exploring the Analytical Approach in Analyzing Prophetic Hadith: Methodologies and Insights from Hadith Critics

This study aims to analyze and explain prophetic traditions using an analytical approach. It addresses the problem encountered in the study, and this approach belongs to the methodologies associated with the humanities and social sciences. The researcher followed a descriptive and analytical methodology in conducting this research, utilizing library resources, relying on primary books and relevant scientific articles to crystallize the concept of the analytical approach. This research is one of the few fundamental studies in terms of purpose and methodology. Its data analysis method is qualitative, based on logic and content analysis to observe and analyze the phenomenon by presenting its elements and concepts.
 This study revealed that the analytical approach is one of the most important methodologies in Islamic sciences, especially among scholars of prophetic traditions. Therefore, their critical and explanatory work is clearly based on a systematic methodology, particularly the analytical approach they heavily rely on. The methodology of scholars in analyzing narrations includes examining both the chain of narrators and the text. Through an examination of the analysis methodologies of hadith critics, it was found that analysis focuses on two significant aspects: studying the circumstances, behaviors, and beliefs of narrators, and analyzing the content of the narrations to determine the reliability of the narrator.
 The analytical approach is one of the methodologies associated with the humanities and social sciences. By this, we mean sciences that rely on rules or frameworks to analyze phenomena, such as religious sciences, linguistic sciences, political sciences, legal sciences, economic sciences, and others. Through an examination of the analysis methodologies of hadith critics, it was found that analysis focuses on two significant aspects: studying the circumstances, behaviors, and beliefs of narrators, as well as examining the methods of reception and performance, where they utilize the experimental analytical approach. Additionally, they consider the uniqueness of a narrator in narrating a specific narration and the deviation of trustworthiness from other trustworthy narrators. Moreover, analyzing the content of the narrations to determine the reliability of the narrator is also undertaken.

The Method of Matn Hadith Criticism According to al-Daraqutni

Kritik hadis merupakan antara disiplin penting dalam menilai kesahihan sesuatu hadis. Medan kritik hadis boleh dibahagikan kepada dua, iaitu kritik sanad dan matan hadis. Terdapat sebahagian orientalis menjelaskan bahawa para sarjana hadis hanya memberi fokus kepada kritik sanad sahaja dan mengabaikan kritik matan hadis. Justeru terdapat kelompongan dalam penilaian mereka. Dakwaan ini adalah satu kesilapan, bahkan telah dibuktikan dengan praktikal al-Daraqutni sendiri melalui kitab al-‘Ilal al Waridah fi al-Ahadith al-Nabawiyyah. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif dan data sepenuhnya dikumpulkan berdasarkan kaedah analisis dokumen. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat sekurang-kurangnya enam metodologi kritik matan hadis yang telah dipraktikkan oleh al-Daraqutni dalam kitab al-‘Ilal al-Waridah fi al-Ahadith al-Nabawiyyah. Dapatan ini juga secara tidak langsung menyangkal dakwaan sebahagian orientalis yang menyatakan terdapat kelompongan dalam wacana kritik hadis sarjana hadis. Dapatan ini juga sekaligus menonjolkan ketokohan al-Daraqutni dalam bidang hadis dan kedudukan kitabnya iaitu al-‘Ilal al-Waridah fi al-Ahadith al-Nabawiyyah.

A Study in the Context of the Usage and Possibility of the Arabic Language as a Method of Hadith Criticism

İslam dünyasında hadis değerlendirme yöntemleri arasında metin tenkidi, modern dönemde Batı’da kutsal kitapların eleştirisi konusunun gündeme gelmesiyle tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Ancak İslami ilimler literatür tarihinin serencamına bakıldığında erken dönemlerden itibaren hadis metinlerinin tenkidi konusunun isnad kadar merkezi bir yerde durmasa da Müslümanların gündeminde olduğu görülmektedir. Bir hadis tenkidi yöntemi olarak metin merkezli yaklaşımın önemli ayaklarından birini ise hadis ile yakın ilişki içerisinde olan Arap dili ile ilgili yapılan tahliller oluşturmuştur. Çalışmamızda ise metinden hareketle yapılan hadis tenkidinde Arap dilinin etkisinin ve sınırlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu yapılırken öncelikle Batı’da dil ve kutsal metinlerin tenkidi ilişkisine dair tartışmalar İslam dünyasındaki tartışmalara tarihi bir perspektif kazandırması amacıyla ele alınmış, ardından ilk dönemlerden itibaren varlığı tespit edilebilen hadis ve Arap dili ilişkisi istişhad ve literatür bağlamında ortaya konulmuştur. Sonrasında ise Arap dilinin hadis metinlerinin tenkidinde bir yöntem olarak durduğu yer belirlenip sınırları ve imkanı hakkında bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bu değerlendirme hadislerin mana ile rivayeti, dilcilerin ve ekollerin meselelere farklı yaklaşımı, kabileler arasındaki ihtilaflar, şiirin bir istişhad metodu olarak güvenilirliği muvacehesinde ele alınmıştır. Çalışmamızda özellikle Özellikle Hasan b. Abdullah el-Askerî’nin (ö. 382/992) Tashîfatu’l-Muhaddisîn, Hattabî’nin (ö. 388/998) Islâhu Galati’l-Muhaddisîn, Safedî’nin (ö. 764/1363) Tashîfu’t-Tashîf isimli eserlerinin incelenmesiyle elde edilen tikel örnekler diğer dil kaynakları, temel hadis metinleri ve şerhler de göz önüne alınarak incelenmiş ve genel bir hükme varılmıştır. Ayrıca İbn Düreyd’in (ö. 321/933) Cemheretu’l-luga, Muhammed b. Ahmed el-Ezherî’nin (ö. 370/980) Tehzîbu’l-Luga isimli eserlerinin de örneklerin tespiti konusunda önemli katkıları bulunmaktadır.

Arguments of the Critics of Texts of Some Ahadith of Al_Sahihayin and their Discussion

There have been many writings in our time criticizing the ahadith al-Sahihayn, which are the two soundest books of the Prophetic hadith. Most of these criticisms focus on the criticism of the text. Arguments of those who weaken the ahadith are many, and some writings discuss such criticisms; however, they focus on Sanad (i.e., chains of hadith narrators), where many of them discuss the criticism of a particular hadith. To the best of my knowledge, I have not come across either a book or a research paper concerned with gathering and discussing all arguments of the critics of the text. Thus, what are the arguments in question? What are the scientific bases to be applied to their discussions? How can each of these arguments be refuted? This research aims to answer such questions by adopting the extrapolation, analysis, and criticism approaches, where I extrapolate the critics arguments, understand them, and then discuss them. I found the critics of the text using eighteen arguments, the most important of which are violating legal texts, reason, empirical science, reality, or that the hadith is borrowed from Israelites, the people of the book. In this research, I present the scientific principles for discussing such arguments wherever necessary, discussed each argument theoretically, and discussed an example for each argument. I have reached twelve conclusions, the most important of which is that the critics’ arguments result from a shortcoming in gathering the narrations, incorrect understanding of the legal texts, or the rational or scientific issue, or that some arguments have no evidence.