Course Of Ukraine Research Articles

EMIGRATION OF UKRAINIANS TO THE EU IN THE CONTEST OF GLOBAL GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS

The article examines the phenomenon of Ukrainian emigration to EU countries, starting from February 2022, caused by military aggression against Ukraine. Forced emigration is considered in the context of the geopolitical interests of the EU, USA, Great Britain and China. The influence of the mass emigration of Ukrainian citizens on the state of European integration of Ukraine is studied, the factors of a positive and negative nature that affect the European integration course of Ukraine are considered.

Перспективи розвитку транскордонного співробітництва на рівні місцевого самоврядування в Україні

The irreversible course of Ukraine’s accession to the European Union is vividly demonstrated every day in the media by the unwavering support of our country by international partners and organisations, as well as by the top officials of foreign states. The key task is to adapt the acquis communautaire into the national legislation of Ukraine. All reforms are taking place in parallel with the Ukrainian government’s accession negotiations, starting with the ratification of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement in 2014. An integral attribute of EU accession is the implementation of decentralisation reforms, including the development of cross-border cooperation of territorial communities. This is an important tool for the development of regions, cities and territorial communities, especially those bordering on neighbouring countries or having partnerships with territorial partners in other countries. Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the EU countries have virtually unanimously expressed political support for our country. The EU candidate status granted to Ukraine allows us to create the best conditions for the development of cross-border cooperation. Regardless of the duration of Ukraine’s accession process, the prospect of Ukraine’s membership in the EU has become a political reality and will sooner or later mean its integration into the EU single market and the Schengen area. Cross-border cooperation of subnational actors should be seen as a tool for territorial development of regions and communities, which ultimately benefits the whole country and should be in the public interest. State support for the development of cross-border cooperation at the regional and local level should be understood as a necessary investment that brings mutual benefits to all its partners. They will be able to use the opportunities offered by EU programmes for cross-border cooperation through various funding projects. In addition, such cooperation is of public interest to every European country. The state is obliged to be interested in this and provide opportunities to develop such cooperation. Therefore, in June 2024, the Law of Ukraine ‘On International Territorial Cooperation of Ukraine’ was recently adopted, which addresses a number of shortcomings and problems of local government functioning within the framework of international cooperation between territorial communities and regions of foreign countries.

Analysis of the provisions of the legislation of Georgia and Ukraine related to mobilization

Russian military aggression against Ukraine continues for the eleventh year. Terrorist in methods and neo-colonial in essence – now it has acquired an existential character. Russia considers regaining its influence on the post-Soviet territories, among which Ukraine occupies a special place, as one of the priorities of its foreign policy. The first phase of the war, which began in 2014, did not stop the integration of Ukraine into the Euro-Atlantic space, so the full-scale aggression, which began on February 24, 2022, was supposed to finally resolve the issue of the existence of an independent Ukraine. The political goals of the so-called «special military operation» were to change the political system and the Euro-Atlantic course of Ukraine. In the third year of the full-scale invasion, according to the determination of the top military leadership of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as the Armed Forces of Ukraine), the war has reached the level of a protracted positional war, and in order to confront the enemy, Ukraine needs international assistance and the mobilization of all available resources: military, economic, and the most valuable – human. The analysis of the defense legislation of Georgia is of interest in view of the common colonial past of Ukraine and Georgia, the identical starting principles of the construction of the Armed Forces, the practical experience of armed aggression by the Russian Federation (hereinafter – the Russian Federation), access to the Black Sea, the occupation of part of the sovereign territories and the legally defined Euro-Atlantic course of development. Ukraine and Georgia are also members of the subregional association of 12 countries of the Black Sea region – the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization (BSEC), which increases their status in the negotiations on possible future accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (hereinafter – NATO) and the European Union (hereinafter – the EU). Ukrainian legislation in the field of defense requires normalization of issues of military service, mobilization, creation of a mobilization reserve, and reformation through codification. The updated legislation in the field of mobilization and management of mobilization resources should form the basis of the future consolidated codified act – the Defense Code of Ukraine.

UKRAINIAN MILITARY EDUCATION: ЕURO-АTLANTIC VECTORS OF TRANSFORMATION

The article provides a systematic analysis of the state's political vectors in the field of military education. Determining the strategic course of Ukraine towards full membership in the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has become a priority task for the security and defense sector in the field of military education. It is proved that the activities of the military education system are regulated both by the normative documents on the basis of which the military education system directly functions and by the normative legal documents relating to the higher education system in general. Changes in the legislation and regulatory framework of higher education are systematized. The main state documents that facilitate the implementation of the best practices of NATO partner countries in the training of modern Ukrainian military personnel are identified. The main tasks of the Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in Ukraine, in accordance with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, to intensify cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union in the field of higher education, which are necessary for reforming and modernizing the higher education system, promoting convergence in higher education within the framework of the Bologna Process, improving the quality and increasing the importance of higher education, deepening cooperation between higher education institutions, and enhancing the mobility of students, researchers, research and teaching staff are identified. The main provisions of the Policy of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine in the field of military education and the Concept of Transformation of Military Education of Ukraine, which focus on the professionalization of military education, organization of continuous professional development, systematic study of national and international security trends, as well as changes in the principles and methods of armed struggle in the context of integration into the Euro-Atlantic security space, are analyzed. The significant role of the NATO DEEP-Ukraine program in the process of updating and optimizing the curricula of domestic military universities is determined.

Characteristics of legislation in the field of health protection

The article examines the essence of administrative and legal regulation in the field of health care through the prism of the systematization of administrative legislation in the specified field. The legal regulation of public administration is defined as a purposeful activity of state authorities regulated by laws and other normative acts, which is aimed at consolidating, organizing and protecting social relations in the specified sphere, which is carried out with the aim of preserving and strengthening health, protecting the rights of patients and medical employees. Attention is focused on determining the role and importance of such types of systematization as incorporation, consolidation, codification, adaptation and their application in the field of health care.
 It was determined that the codification of administrative legislation in the field of health care is the most advanced form of systematization, which is directly related to the change in the form and content of the current legislation by its revision, elimination of conflicts, gaps, obsolescence and multiplicity of legal norms. Special attention is paid to adaptation, as a fundamental component of the European integration course of Ukraine, which consists in the phased adoption and implementation of laws and subordinate normative legal acts of Ukraine, developed considering the European Union legislation, as well as in making appropriate changes to the current legal acts of Ukraine.
 Analysis was conducted and the reasons that complicate the classification of legislation in the field of health care were determined, with the complexity of legal regulation being the main one. The classification of health care legislation according to the principle of hierarchy, subject and scope of legal regulation, as well as by the number of persons is proposed.
 The necessity of supplementing the current Code of Administrative Offences with the section “Offences in the Sphere of Health Care” is substantiated, which will establish responsibility for administrative offences in the sphere of health care, as well as strengthen administrative responsibility for their commission. The specified changes will ensure regulation of relations in the field of medical services, protection of the rights of doctors and patients, and as a result will improve the quality of medical assistance to the population.

The role of judicial argumentation in reforming of Ukraine’s judiciary: EU membership perspectives

The article reflects the impact of judicial argumentation on the process of reforming the judicial system of Ukraine during Ukraine’s integration into the European Union. In addition, the article points out some structural elements of the influence of judicial argumentation in the course of Ukraine’s EU-integration.This paper emphasizes the essential participation of European institutions in raising the quality level of judicial argumentation in Ukraine. These institutions can be divided in two big groups: EU-based organizations (European Commission, Eurobarometer, European Commission for the efficiency of justice (CEPEJ), Court of Justice of the European Union) and the organizations in the Council of Europe (European Court of Human Rights, the Venice Commission and the Consultative Council of European Judges (CCJE)). Moreover, the author gives examples when Ukrainian judicial institutions raise the need to enhance the quality of judicial argumentation.

Judicial protection of civil rights and legally protected interests in Ukraine

The article examines the concept of the right to judicial protection of civil rights and interests protected by law as one of the key categories in civil law. The normative-legal regulation of the right to judicial protection by national legislation is analyzed, in particular the consolidation of the concept of judicial protection in the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine and the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine. Judicial protection is considered as one of the jurisdictional forms of civil protection. An important place in the system of judicial protection of civil rights and legally protected interests is occupied by the methods used in the judicial process and which ensure the effective resolution of civil cases. During the characterization of the list of protection methods established in the Civil Code, it was emphasized that the system of judicial protection methods is much broader, unlike other jurisdictional forms of protection. In the course of the characterization of judicial protection of the rights and interests of subjects of civil legal relations, the advantages of this form of protection were highlighted, including the presence of state guarantees that meet the standards of international law. However, at the current stage of the development of the civil justice system, the practical application of material and procedural norms related to the process of preparing and justifying the submission of an application to the court, the conduct of a judicial process, a number of shortcomings are observed, in particular, caused by the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, and which require the introduction of legislative changes for their solution. In the study, special attention was focused on trends in improving the quality of judicial protection of civil rights and interests. Within the framework of the implementation of the course of Ukraine's integration into the European Union, an important condition is the implementation of international standards and norms in the sphere of justice in the state. It is also noted that the improvement of the system of judicial protection of civil rights and interests is carried out depending on the successful implementation of the judicial reform, which is a large-scale complex of state measures aimed at building a modern, efficient and independent judicial branch of government in Ukraine.

DIGITAL DIPLOMACY IS A STRATEGIC DIRECTION OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY

The article is devoted to the analysis of the introduction of digital diplomacy. This is a strategic direction of public diplomacy. It involves the use of digital technologies and platforms. To protect the country's national interests. It is noted that modern society is undergoing large-scale changes due to the development of information technologies. The ability to effectively respond to changes determines the future prosperity of the country. The author notes that the use of information technologies in the field of public diplomacy is becoming a modern trend. Foreign scientists state that the "era of digital foreign policy" has arrived. The concept of "digital diplomacy" or "electronic diplomacy" has been introduced into modern scientific circulation. It is defined as the use of the Internet for new information and communication technologies to achieve diplomatic goals. Attention is focused on the fact that the latest trends in the development of public diplomacy of Ukraine are defined in the Public Diplomacy Strategy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine for 2021-2025. Due to the integration course of Ukraine's foreign policy, as well as Ukraine's acquisition of the status of an official candidate for accession to the European Union, close coordination and cooperation in the field of public diplomacy with the institutions of the European Union are important for our country. And the study of methodological approaches to building a system of digital diplomacy in the EU. We are talking about important documents adopted by the EU: "EU Digital Diplomacy", "Council Conclusions on Strengthening EU Digital Diplomacy in Complex Geopolitical Conditions". The article states that the Council aims to create a comprehensive and coordinated approach to EU digital diplomacy to protect human rights, democratic principles and the EU's strategic autonomy in the digital sphere. The conclusions highlight the need for stronger, more strategic, coherent and effective EU policies and actions in global digital affairs.

DEVELOPMENT OF INDICATORS FOR EVALUATING THE LEVEL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES

The need to ensure the sustainable development of logistics organizational structures has been determined, because despite the significant development potential of the logistics sector in Ukraine and its importance for the state economy, the implementation of logistics operations is accompanied by a number of negative effects, which later manifests itself in problems of a social, ecological and economic nature. Modern trends regarding globalization and the determined course of Ukraine's integration into the EU actualize the need to reform transport and logistics systems in accordance with world standards, balancing urgent needs and protecting the interests of future generations, i.e. ensuring sustainable development.
 The analysis of scientific works showed that a large number of Ukrainian and foreign scientists pay attention to the study of sustainable development problems, as well as the theoretical and methodological foundations of implementing the principles of the concept in transport and logistics systems. However, a scientific gap is identified in terms of the need for improvement and further development of indicator systems for assessing the level of sustainable development of logistics organizational structures.
 A structural model of the hierarchical structure of the integral indicator was developed and, on its basis, using an additive formula, an indicator was formed to assess the level of balance of the sustainable development of logistics organizational structures. This balance is proposed to be evaluated according to the following aspects: territory, process and activity. The latter, in turn, should be consistent with the aspects that correspond to the following concepts of sustainable development: economic, ecological and social.
 We propose the indicators of sustainable development to be considered in the development of the concept of a balanced system of indicators, as a separate, fifth, component in the last, alongside such components as: satisfaction of needs (expectations of clients) and/or consumers; development of internal business processes; ensuring financial efficiency; staff training and development.
 Further research should lie in the plane of analysis and systematization of indicators that can be used as partial according to the proposed integral criterion.

INTERMUNICIPAL COOPERATION AS A KEY TOOL IN THE FORMATION OF A MODEL OF MULTIPLE MANAGEMENT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

In Ukraine, there have been significant changes in regional development due to the conditions of the war and the need to form new tasks, implement urgent measures, projects to restore the territories of communities and regions, continuing the European integration course of Ukraine, decentralization reform and the implementation of standards, principles and current tools of good governance of the Council of Europe. The purpose of writing the article is to reveal the need for further development of inter-municipal cooperation to create territories of community cooperation, as points of economic growth and regional development, to overcome socio-economic challenges caused by the war, as models of multi-level management, public administration and targeted actions for the restoration of territories of communities and regions of Ukraine during the war and in the post-war period in accordance with European standards and best practices of democratic governance and territorial development. The following methods were used to determine the principles of inter-municipal cooperation in the management of regional development: the method of cognition (for the formation of theoretical principles for determining the essence of inter-municipal cooperation, development strategies); comparative analysis (in order to compare the effectiveness of the development strategy); abstract-logical (for the formation of theoretical generalizations and the formulation of research conclusions); graphic visualization (for the purpose of visualization of results and analysis). The Center for Good Governance Expertise of the Council of Europe, in its Recommendations regarding the formulation of policies on the Local Self-Government Restoration Plan dated June 30, 2022, emphasized the need to implement stronger forms of inter-municipal cooperation based on the principles of "smart" and "green" municipal (spatial) planning to overcome challenges caused by the conditions of the war, the key of which are changes in the population and the economic structure of communities. In the process of forming spaces of inter-municipal cooperation between communities of Ukrainian and European regions, as an important functional space and level of management of regional development, it is important to use the existing national and international experience in the development of community cooperation at the local, inter-territorial and international levels, the experience of developing these spaces in the territorial and cross-border cooperation, creating models and tools of municipal management and public administration for the post-war period of development of the territories of communities and regions on the basis of the application of standards, principles and current tools of "Good democratic governance" and the development of civil diplomacy.

PROBLEMS OF HUMANIZATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Ukraine has taken significant steps towards integration into the European space during its period of independence. On February 21, 2019, the strategic course of Ukraine towards EU and NATO membership was defined in the Constitution of Ukraine, and as of June 23, 2022, Ukraine is a candidate for membership in the EU. The chosen course of entry into the European space requires changes and improvements in the economic, public, scientific space, and all areas of Ukrainian society. It is important to improve all components of the living environment, namely natural, production, housing, information and media environments, recreation, and daily commuting. At the same time, there is a problem of humanizing the living environment to provide equal conditions and opportunities for full living, work, and leisure for people with disabilities who have long been deprived of this opportunity.
 The main tasks of the legal framework in the construction industry are to ensure the reliability and safety of construction objects and to establish requirements that ensure healthy and safe working, living, and domestic conditions for all segments of the population. These tasks have been declared in regulatory documents both during the Soviet period and in the period of Ukraine's independence. However, in practice, not all requirements for architectural and planning solutions for people with disabilities and people with limited mobility were fulfilled. The Ukrainian society's aspiration to integrate into the European space should forever leave behind such phenomena as legal nihilism, especially when it comes to complying with state norms and rules in construction.
 A comprehensive approach is needed to create a fully inclusive living environment for all members of society, and simply making changes to building practices is not enough. It is necessary to make radical changes to Ukraine's transportation infrastructure, including retrofitting public transport and improving sanitary transport services to serve people with disabilities and other mobility-impaired groups in society. Creating comfortable conditions for people with disabilities, particularly those with hearing and visual impairments, requires changes in the information and media environment, including the creation of special training programs and visual and media information. It is also necessary to develop a state program for the rehabilitation and employment of war veterans with disabilities.

Transformation of Ukrainian Legislation on National Minorities in the Course of European Integration

The development and improvement of Ukrainian legislation on the protection of the rights of national minorities is an integral part of Ukraine’s state-building as a European, democratic state. Thus the article analyzes the new version of the Law of Ukraine “On National Minorities (Communities) of Ukraine”, which was adopted to meet the requirements of European integration, with a view to improving and enhancing the protection of national minority rights. Comparative and legal analysis has revealed a number of shortcomings that need to be addressed as soon as possible in order for the new law to have a positive impact on the protection of the rights of national minorities in Ukraine. The biggest drawback of the Law of Ukraine “On National Minorities (Communities) of Ukraine” amended in 2022 is that it does not systematically address the full range of problems in ensuring effective protection of the rights of national minorities. In addition to preserving the old problems and challenges related to the status of a national minority (community), the Law of Ukraine “On National Minorities (Communities) of Ukraine” creates a number of new ones. The new version of the law also creates grounds for destructive processes, including the politicization of ethnicity among certain national minorities. These include: narrowing the scope of rights, in particular, the elimination of the right to national and cultural autonomy; declarative and uncertain basic provisions, which creates a field for political speculation and manipulation and makes it impossible to effectively protect national minorities (communities) by exercising the rights enshrined in it; and, as a result, politicization of ethnicity and accumulation of discontent among national minorities (communities). As predicted, the Law of Ukraine “On National Minorities (Communities) of Ukraine” currently looks more like a formal response to the requirements of European integration, which needs to be amended in terms of specification and content, rather than an improvement of Ukraine’s legislation on national minorities. Improving the protection of national minority rights in the course of Ukraine’s European integration should not be limited to the adoption of a new version of the law on national minorities, but should also include the means and procedures for implementing a number of political and legal mechanisms for protecting the rights of national minorities, reforming the institutional structure of ethnic policy, etc. Key words: national minorities, European integration, ethnic group, ethnic policy

ADAPTATION OF FIELD FORAGE PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE “GREEN” COURSE

The article presents the results of a study of the state and prospects for developing field fodder production as a necessary component in reviving large-scale milk production in the conditions of various challenges today in the context of the “green” course of Ukraine. Field fodder production has a leading role in solving the problem of providing dairy herds with full-fledged bulk fodder in sufficient quantities, especially in arid regions. The creation of a strong and high-quality fodder base for cattle is possible through the innovative development of modern intensive field fodder production, which should be based on a high level of mechanization, electrification, intensive energy-saving technologies for growing and harvesting fodder, on the achievements of genetics, breeding, and biotechnology. In 2021, the sown area of fodder crops was determined to be 1,535 thousand ha, 4.6 times less compared to 2000, 1.7 times less since 2010, and 8.5% less since 2020. There is a clear tendency to decrease livestock and poultry in agricultural enterprises and households. The total number of farm animals for all categories of farms decreased by 1.7-3.6 times during the studied period, and only poultry increased by 1.6 times. In the structure of cultivated areas of crops in Ukraine in 2021, fodder crops occupied 5.4%. At the same time, the specific weight of crops of perennial grasses in the entire sown area was only 2.9%. The revival of animal husbandry in agrarian enterprises in general and dairy cattle breeding, in particular, is associated with the intensification and improvement of the economic efficiency of field fodder production. In this regard, the anticipatory provision of animal husbandry needs with high-quality, protein-balanced, cheap fodder is particularly important. The reasons for the unsatisfactory development of fodder production are summarized. In recent years, military operations in the country have exacerbated the negative trends in field fodder production and the livestock industry, including dairy farming. An important task of modern fodder production is to reduce the negative impact on the environment to counteract the deterioration of the natural environment further. Due to global warming, there is a need to change the land management principles and adapt field fodder production to new climatic conditions. Such a course is inevitable since Ukraine, aiming to further integrate into the European Union, must fulfill its commitments and adhere to sustainable land use and reliable environmental protection principles. In order to reap the benefits of climate change and compensate for potential damages, appropriate adaptation measures must be implemented with a multi-stakeholder approach and collaboration. At the same time, the leading role in reducing the potentially dangerous consequences of climate variability and extreme events, raising awareness of adaptation to new or changing conditions, determining priorities, and developing a coordinated approach belongs to the state and government. Types of measures and specific directions for the adaptation of domestic agricultural enterprises to today’s challenges in the field of field fodder production in the context of sustainable development are proposed, which will contribute to the adoption of balanced management decisions, which will increase the effectiveness of business entities and their competitiveness.

Institutionalization of mediation for the settlement of disputes in the field of intellectual property laws

The proposed article is devoted to the study of the institution of mediation as an independent procedure for the settlement of disputes in the field of intellectual property law. The author notes that the rather rapid stage of the development of the information society, IT technologies, the emergence of new objects of civil rights, including objects of intellectual property rights, pose a number of tasks to the legislator that require their urgent solution, in particular, the task of proper legal regulation of social relations, which, already today, take place in the state and society in general. In addition, taking the integration course of Ukraine into the EU also sets before our state the conditions for improving the legal regulation of intellectual property in accordance with international legal norms, in particular, the improvement of those legal provisions of national legislation related to the resolution of disputes in the field of intellectual property law, which are increasingly happening in reality. Therefore, the legislator adopts a number of legal acts regarding the improvement of legal regulation of relations arising in the field of intellectual property law, an example of which is the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Mediation». After all, mediation occupies a special place among the conciliation procedures for the settlement of disputes among alternatives to court proceedings for the resolution of disputes related to violations of intellectual property rights.Based on the results of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that mediation in the field of intellectual property can be used in the following cases: – when settling disputes arising in connection with the use of objects intellectual property without the consent of the right holder (author, creator, inventor or the person who owns intellectual property rights in accordance with the contract or law); – disputes arising in the event of violations of intellectual property rights; – disputes arising during licensing and transfer of intellectual property rights property; – disputes arising in connection with the conclusion and performance of contracts in in the field of intellectual property, in particular, contracts on the disposition of property rights of intellectual property; – disputes arising from the use of intellectual property objects, which are transferred to third parties.

TOURISM IN UKRAINE IN THE WAR CONDITIONS: THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ASPECT

The direction of our research is based on the issue of the development of tourism and the European integration course of Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale Russian invasion. In the paper, the author emphasizes the need for the development of national tourism both in the conditions of war and in the framework of post-war reconstruction. At the same time, the development of tourism should take place strictly within the limits and taking into account the European integration course of Ukraine. Author emphasizes that today, Ukraine faces a task that consists in the contradiction between the need to integrate into the world economy, on the one hand, and to ensure the protection of national interests and security, on the other. That’s why the main aim of our study is the analysis of the development of tourism in the war conditions in the context of the European integration of Ukraine. The paper states, that military actions have a significant negative impact on the tourism industry regions and the whole country. There are reasons for military actions and their impact on tourism security concerns; decrease in demand; infrastructure damage; loss of jobs and a negative image, all of which have a significant impact on development of tourism in Ukraine. At the same time, the author notes that the situation in tourism, as in other sectors of the economy, is closely related to the issue of Ukraine's European course. Thus, the article noted that the experience of European integration of Ukraine in the conditions of war has a unique character. By resisting large-scale armed Russian intervention, suffering from huge human costs and financial and economic losses, the country acquired the status of a candidate for joining the EU, continues European integration in various areas, deepens partnership with the EU in sectoral directions, implements the recommendations of the European Commission and implements the provisions of the Agreement in practice about the association.

TOURISM IN UKRAINE IN THE WAR CONDITIONS: THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ASPECT

The direction of our research is based on the issue of the development of tourism and the European integration course of Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale Russian invasion. In the paper, the author emphasizes the need for the development of national tourism both in the conditions of war and in the framework of post-war reconstruction. At the same time, the development of tourism should take place strictly within the limits and taking into account the European integration course of Ukraine. Author emphasizes that today, Ukraine faces a task that consists in the contradiction between the need to integrate into the world economy, on the one hand, and to ensure the protection of national interests and security, on the other. That’s why the main aim of our study is the analysis of the development of tourism in the war conditions in the context of the European integration of Ukraine. The paper states, that military actions have a significant negative impact on the tourism industry regions and the whole country. There are reasons for military actions and their impact on tourism security concerns; decrease in demand; infrastructure damage; loss of jobs and a negative image, all of which have a significant impact on development of tourism in Ukraine. At the same time, the author notes that the situation in tourism, as in other sectors of the economy, is closely related to the issue of Ukraine's European course. Thus, the article noted that the experience of European integration of Ukraine in the conditions of war has a unique character. By resisting large-scale armed Russian intervention, suffering from huge human costs and financial and economic losses, the country acquired the status of a candidate for joining the EU, continues European integration in various areas, deepens partnership with the EU in sectoral directions, implements the recommendations of the European Commission and implements the provisions of the Agreement in practice about the association.

Advertising of medicines in Ukraine: An ethical and legal view

The modern course of Ukraine towards economic and political and legal rapprochement with European states involves the adoption of uniform rules in the field of healthcare. The objective of this article is to examine the ethical and legal aspects of advertising medicines in the context of Ukraine's alignment with European states and the adoption of uniform healthcare rules. The article employs a dialectical method to explore the correlation between ethical and legal components in medicine advertising. By analyzing domestic normative and legislative acts, there was establish methodological features of medicine advertising from the perspectives of ethics and law. The research also considers the broader context of international and national regulation of advertising in the pharmaceutical sector. The analysis of ethical and ethical-legal criteria enshrined in domestic regulations clarifies the general direction of modern state and non-state regulation of medicine advertising in Ukraine. This finding helps to provide a deeper understanding of the principles guiding advertising activities in the pharmaceutical sector. Overall, the article contributes to the ongoing ethical and legal research on advertising regulation in the field of medicine circulation. It provides a foundation for the development of international and national regulations governing medicine advertising, emphasizing the importance of ethical considerations alongside legal frameworks.

ОБСТЕЖЕННЯ МОСТІВ, ПОШКОДЖЕНИХ І ЗРУЙНОВАНИХ ВИБУХАМИ

Introduction. Conducting inspections of destroyed and damaged bridges is crucial for the process of restoring these structures as the quality and objectivity of the decisions made during the design and construction works will depend. Problem Statement. In the course of Ukraine’s confrontation with the full-scale armed offensive of the russian federation, hundreds of bridges on roads of various administrative subordination were destroyed and damaged. The legislative and regulatory framework in Ukraine did not provide an algorithm for conducting inspections and restoration of destroyed buildings and structures at the time of the introduction of martial law. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the experience of conducting inspections of destroyed and damaged bridges, as well as to highlight changes in legislation after the introduction of martial law aimed at regulating the processes of fixing, inspecting and restoring damaged and destroyed transport facilities. Results. The article presents the results of inspections of about 40 damaged and destroyed structures on the roads of national importance in the regions where military operations took place during the martial law in Ukraine. The destruction of bridge structures is affected by various factors such as the nature of the explosion, the design of supports and spans, and the static scheme of the bridge. Conclusions. The experience gained from the inspection of about 40 bridges damaged as a result of the armed invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation allows us to draw conclusions in two directions. First, the inspection of structures requires a professional and responsible approach from both the contractors and the balance holders (owners) in terms of formulating the inspection task and accepting the relevant technical documentation based on the inspection results. Secondly, there is a need to develop and update legal, regulatory and technical documents that would take into account the experience gained and be aimed at reducing the potential threat of bridge collapse and reducing the costs of their subsequent restoration.

УПРАВЛІННЯ СТАЛИМ РОЗВИТКОМ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ІНДУСТРІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to the establishment of criteria for managing the sustainable development of the tourism industry in the conditions of the European integration course of Ukraine. The author has defined indicators intended for use by destinations of any type and scale, as well as the scope of their application by regulatory tourism organizations. It has been established that the criteria for managing the sustainable development of the tourism industry can become the initial stage of implementing the principles of sustainability as a standard practice in all forms of tourism in Ukraine.

Peculiarities of the Teaching of European Studies for Technical Specialties Students in Higher Educational Institutions of Ukraine (on the Example of Lviv Polytechnic National University)

The purpose of the publication is to study the state and peculiarities of teaching European studies for students of technical specialties in higher educational institutions of Ukraine, mainly on the example of Lviv Polytechnic National University (hereinafter LPNU), where the Erasmus+ Jean Monnet Chair project “European Studies for Technical Specialties” (hereinafter EUSTS) has been implemented since September 2022. The hypothesis of the presented research is the statement that with the strengthening of the European integration course of Ukraine the demand for knowledge about the European Union and the European integration of Ukraine among students of technical specialties is increasing, and university education is ready to satisfy such a request, applying the latest methods and approaches in the organization of education. The main focus is on clarifying the peculiarities of the formation of European studies in Ukraine; including not only classical, but also technical universities in this process; search for effective mechanisms for implementing knowledge about the EU into the educational process of students of technical specialties. To achieve the specified goals, a number of research methods were used, such as: historical-comparative, periodization, analysis of empirical data, systemic and structural-functional. It has been found that the development of European studies in Ukraine has gone through several stages of its formation. The first lasted from the moment Ukraine regained its state independence in 1991 and was characterized by the presence of limited opportunities in universities to introduce European studies in the conditions of a centralized higher education system. The second stage was marked by the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Higher Education” (2014), which, in fact, provided sufficient tools for the development of European studies in Ukrainian universities. Similarly, at that time, the study of the European Union and European integration was formed at Lviv Polytechnic National University, including for students of technical specialties. On the basis of statistical data, it has been concluded that among the students of the National Academy of Sciences, there is a growing interest in the study of academic disciplines related to the EU and the European integration course of Ukraine. To a large extent, this is explained by the current political status of Ukraine as a candidate for EU membership and the strengthening of Ukrainian society’s support for the process of European integration as a result of Russian aggression. Accordingly, a number of educational disciplines have been introduced for students of technical specialties at the level of LPNU in recent years, which form knowledge about the EU and European integration, but only thanks to the implementation of international projects here, mainly the Erasmus+ Jean Monnet programs. This creates prerequisites for the fact that, in the future, separate educational programs in European studies can be developed at the university, which are most expedient to implement at the second (master’s) and third (PhD) educational levels. It is important that they focus on those policies of the EU and European integration directions of Ukraine that are of particular interest to students of technical specialties, for example, EU digital policy, EU energy policy, EU policy in the field of climate, environmental protection, etc. The acquired competences will not only allow the graduates of LPNU to implement European standards and values in their professional activities, but also to more effectively use the EU toolkit in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Also, taking into account the recommendations of the Ministry of Education and Culture of Ukraine and the political situation of the state, it is worth introducing a mandatory educational discipline for all students of technical specialties of Ukrainian universities on the topic of the European Union, its principles, foundations and values, as well as the features of Ukraine’s European integration progress in various areas.