Content Of Mobile Phosphorus Research Articles

Dependence of Crop Yield and Quality on Fertility of Sod-Podsolic Soil

Based on long-term (2016–2021) research results in a long-term stationary experiment (1971–2021) in the eastern district of the central climatic zone of the Kirov region, the influence of soil acidity and the content of mobile phosphorus on the yield and quality of grain crops and meadow clover when applying fertilizers (N90, N90P50K90) was estimated. It was found that the maximum yield (4.43 t/ha) in a long-term stationary experiment in the period 2016–2021 was obtained from Falenskaya 4 winter rye when N90P50K90 was applied to soil with pHKCl 3.8 and the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil was 121 mg/kg, which is 1.6 times higher than the “without fertilizers” option. The content of crude protein in the grain of cereals and the green mass of meadow clover was formed higher on the soil at pH 5.2–5.7 than at pH 3.7–4.0, did not depend on the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil, the application of fertilizers (N90, N90P50K90) for cereals increased the indicator by 1.60–5.96%. The indicator “grain nature” of cereal crops did not depend on the level of acidity and the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil, while the indicator exceeded the basic norm of standards for grain harvesting. The content of raw gluten in the grain of spring wheat varieties Iren and Bazhenka increased with the use of fertilizers by 4.0–14.8%. The maximum content (33.8 and 39.8%) was observed in the Iren variety on both acidic and cultivated soil with a mobile phosphorus content of 170–191 mg/kg when N90P50K90 was applied. The effect of fertilizers and the level of soil fertility on the indicator “falling number” in winter rye was insignificant.

Humus state and nutrient regime of typical chernozem depending on fertilisation in short crop rotations

The fertiliser system is the most effective factor in the intensification of crop cultivation technologies. The basis for scientifically sound fertiliser application systems, along with obtaining the planned level of yield of the appropriate quality, is the study of the organic matter content and soil nutrient regime during crop rotation. The purpose of this study was to determine the mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and humus content in typical chernozem under different fertilisation systems in short-term crop rotations. To solve the problem of soil fertility, an important approach is to conduct field and laboratory research to determine changes in the humus state according to Tyurin, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium regimes of the soil according to Machigin, and dispersion methods to determine the reliability of experimental data. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest humus content in the soil was recorded under the organic-mineral fertilisation system at the end of the second rotation in the grain crop rotation by 0.13% compared to the fruit crop rotation. The use of a mineral fertiliser system in a row crop rotation reduced the humus content by 0.12%. An increase in the humus content of typical chernozem was recorded under fruit crop rotation and grain-row crop rotation. The organic-mineral fertilisation system tended to increase the mineral nitrogen content of the soil compared to the other systems. The mineral nitrogen content of the mineral fertilisation system decreased by 5.5 mg/kg of soil compared to the unfertilised variant. Under the organic-mineral and mineral fertilisation system, the content of mobile phosphate increased in all crop rotations. The content of mobile phosphorus in the tilled crop rotation was substantially reduced compared to the fruit crop rotation and grain-row crop rotation. The highest content of exchangeable potassium in the soil was recorded under the mineral fertilisation system. The materials of the publications are of practical importance in the analysis of the main elements of mineral nutrition of typical chernozem in short crop rotations

Влияние погодных условий, основной обработки почвы, продуктивной влаги и питательных веществ на урожайность зерновых культур

Abstract. The aim of work – to establish the impact of weather factors, the content of productive moisture and nutrients in the soil on increasing the yield of field crops in grain-pair crop rotations. Research methods: field, thermostatic-weight, ionometric, Machigin’s. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the impact of agrometeorological conditions (2014–2021), the content of productive moisture and nutrients on the yield of grain crops after zero and flat-cut processing (25-27 cm) of soil on parts of the slope was assessed. Results. It was found that, on average, during the growing season (May – August), the air temperature (18.8 °C) and dry days (74) negatively affect the yield of barley (1.10 and 0.86 t/ha) on the upper part of the slope and amount to 55.72 and 66.55 % for flat-cut tillage compared to zero (control) – 43.88 and 55.38 % (P ≤ 0.05). Atmospheric precipitation (92.0 mm) has a positive effect on the yield of durum wheat (0.99 and 0.83 t/ha) on the middle part of the slope and amounts to 47.39 % on the flat-cut and 52.03 % without tillage (P ≤ 0.05). Spring productive moisture (105.0 and 101.0 mm) in the meter layer of soil favorably affects the yield of soft wheat (1.05 and 0.78 t/ha) on the upper part of the slope and amounts to 64.15% for flat-cut processing compared to 76.80 % control (P < 0.05). The increase in the yield of soft wheat (1.42 t/ha) and barley (1.43 t/ha) depends on the influence of the content of mobile phosphorus (3.7 and 3.5 mg / 100 g) in the soil layer 0–30 cm on the lower part of the slope for flat-cut processing and amounts to 54.15 and 55.98 % (P < 0.05). Thus, dry weather conditions, the content of productive moisture, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium for the remaining sowing options do not affect the increase in yield.

Changes in the Indicators of Effective Soil Fertility of the Stone Steppe under the Influence of Forest Strips of Various Landscape Accessories

Within the framework of the program on the subject of the state task in 2021–2022, studies were conducted on changes in the indicators of effective fertility in space and time under the influence of forest strips of various landscape accessories (forest strip No. 40 on the watershed, forest strip No. 72 on the slope). All works were performed in the Voronezh FASC named after V.V. Dokuchaev. It was found that the soils of the watershed area were characterized by the greatest availability of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The provision of soils with nitrate nitrogen during the growing season in the watershed and slope areas was at the same level. The watershed area was characterized by a decrease in the amount of mineral elements on the soils of the deposit and the edges of the forest strip No. 40. As for the forest strip itself, the maximum indicators were noted in the center of the forest strip, gradually decreasing in the direction of the edges. Considering the indicators of fertility of arable land, it was noted that they increase at a distance from the forest strip, their maximum was detected at a distance of 75–150 m from the forest strip. On the arable land adjacent to the Baltic forest strip No. 72, an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium was noted when approaching the forest strip. The content of nitrate nitrogen, on the contrary, decreased downhill, reaching a minimum near the forest strip. It is proved that by the end of the growing season, the content of nitrate nitrogen and exchangeable potassium increased in the watershed, and the content of mobile phosphorus decreased. At the slope site, by the end of the growing season, there was an increase in all the studied fertility indicators.

The effect of crop rotations and mineral fertilizers on the fertility of chestnut soil

Relevance. The task of preserving and increasing soil fertility is urgent, since it is closely related to crop yields.Methods. The research was carried out in the arid zone of the Stavropol Territory at the Prikumskaya experimental breeding station in four 6-pole crop rotations from 1969 to 2022.The purpose of the research is to study the effect of saturation of grain crop rotations with pure steam on various nutrition backgrounds on the fertility of chestnut soil in the conditions of the Eastern Caucasus.Results. Over 53 years of research, the content and reserves of humus in the arable soil layer in grain-steam crop rotations decreased by 0.18–0.22% and 4.7–5.8 t/ha at the control, on a fertilized background — 0.04–0.08% and 1.0–2.0 t/ha, and in crop rotation without pure steam, on the contrary, increased, respectively, by 0.05% and 1.3 t/ha and 0.21% and 5.5 t/ha. On a natural background, the mineralization of organic matter took place much more intensively than on the variants with the introduction of fertilizers. Nitrate nitrogen reserves in crop rotations with 50.0% and 33.3% of pure steam decreased by 7.6 kg/ha and 1.3 kg/ha at the control, and on a fertilized background in crop rotation with 50.0% of pure steam — by 3.5 kg/ha. In other variants of the experiment, the amount of nitrogen increased. The maximum content of this element on all food backgrounds was noted in the crop rotation without pure steam. In all variants of the experiment, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium increased at the control by 0.7–2.5 and 31–62 mg/kg, and on a fertilized background by 7.2–20.0 and 12–38 mg/kg of soil. The application of mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in phosphorus reserves by 13.6–44.6 kg/ha and a decrease in potassium by 20–63 kg/ha compared to the control.

Сравнительная оценка новых сортономеров контрольного питомника клевера лУгового двУУкосного диплоидного типа в Условиях Смоленской области

Federation To obtain high and stable yields, the creation of productive, ecologically plastic varieties of red clover is of great importance. A successful solution to the problem is possible with the use of modern sources of breeding-valuable traits that are most appropriate for growing conditions. The purpose of the work is to evaluate promising variety numbers of red clover in the control nursery in comparison with the standard variety in terms of economically valuable traits and properties. For the test cycle of 2021-2022, as a result of the assessment, the most productive numbers of red clover were identified. On moderately acidic, soddy-podzolic soil, with a high content of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the control nursery, 6 varieties of red clover were tested in terms of indicators: height, green mass yield, air-dry matter. In winter, the weather conditions changed from favorable to conducive to the destruction of the cover with subsequent exposure to low negative temperatures. The growing seasons were characterized by elevated temperatures and varying moisture regimes from optimal to dry. Variety Pochinkovets has been a standard zoned in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone since 2018. Of the 6 variety numbers, 2 promising ones stood out: T-5 and A-12, which have an increased yield of green mass. (61.0 t/ha and 58.2 t/ha), air-dry weight (15.5 t/ha and 15.6 t/ha). The variety number A-11 (65.5%) stood out with a high percentage for 2 cuts. The selected numbers will be used in the future as new sources in breeding work to develop new varieties of red clover.

The effect of anthropogenic load on the environmental state of rural settlements in the Rivnе and Ternopil regions

Aim. Investigate the state of soils and natural waters to identify the impact of anthropogenic load on the ecological state of rural settlements in the Rivne and Ternopil regions. Methods. The route monitoring method was used to conduct research. Chemical-analytical studies were performed according to the methods that correspond to the regulatory framework of Ukraine. Results. Human agricultural activity within the settlements of Rivne and Ternopil regions had a certain influence on the main indicators of soil quality. It was most significant on the less fertile soils of the Rivne region. The lack of ameliorative measures (periodic liming), an unbalanced ratio between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and non-compliance with the rules of crop rotation lead to deterioration of soil quality indicators. Due to the uncontrolled application of ash, organic fertilizers, etc., by owners on homesteads, a very high supply of mobile phosphorus compounds was noted – from 318.2 to 1200 mg/kg of soil and an average of 101.2 mg/kg and a very high supply of mobile potassium compounds – 760 mg/kg of soil. In the Ternopil region, on more fertile soils, an improvement in physicochemical and agrochemical indicators of fertility was noted on homestead plots and fields compared to fallows, which indicates the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers, ash, etc. by the owners. On homesteads and fields, a decrease in the exchangeable acidity of the soil by 0.7–0.9 units and indicators of hydrolytic acidity up to 2.4 times compared to fallows was noted. The humus content tended to accumulate. The content of mobile phosphorus and potassium compounds in homesteads and fields was almost 1.8 times higher than in fallows. Quality indicators of drinking water samples taken in populated areas did not exceed regulatory requirements. Conclusions. A study of the state of settlement areas in the Rivne and Ternopil regions showed a significant influence of anthropogenic human activity on soil quality indicators. Therefore, monitoring the migration and accumulation of biogenic elements and ecotoxicants is important to prevent soil and natural water pollution.

Corn Yield and the Content of Mobile Phosphorus in Typical Chernozem under Different Methods of Basic Tillage with the Use of Chemicalization and Biologization Means

Corn Yield and the Content of Mobile Phosphorus in Typical Chernozem under Different Methods of Basic Tillage with the Use of Chemicalization and Biologization Means

ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGE FROM SOIL AND LAND DEGRADATION AT THREE HIERARCHICAL LEVELS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: SUBJECTS, MUNICIPALITIES AND AGRICULTURAL FARMS

The damage caused by soil and land degradation was assessed at three hierarchical levels (the region as a whole, the municipality, the agricultural sector) of the spatial organization of six test regions of the Russian Federation (Volgograd, Belgorod, Kaliningrad, Vladimir, Samara and Penza regions). The indicators of soil and land degradation for all test objects were a decrease in the content of exchangeable potassium, a decrease in the content of mobile phosphorus, a decrease in the content of humus, a change in the acidity index of soils. In addition, for the test objects of the Volgograd region, the indicator of land salinization was used, the Belgorod region - soil erosion, the Kaliningrad region - the indicator of the metabolic coef cient (qCO2) of soils. It was found that the minimum and maximum values of the specif c total damage from degradation can be detected for regions with a similar composition of soil cover (Saratov and Belgorod regions, respectively, where chernozem soils predominate). When the values of specif c total damage from soil and land degradation are close to each other at various hierarchical levels of spatial organization of regions (Vladimir, Saratov, Belgorod and partly Penza regions), in terms of intensity and scale of manifestation of the studied degradation processes, the agricultural farm is «typical» for the entire municipal district, and the municipal district is «typical» for the entire region.

State of humus and nutrition of leached chernozem under the effect of fertilisation and field of crop rotation

Purpose. To study the state of humus and the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium in leached chernozem as affected by fertilisation system and the introduction of leguminous crops into the crop rotation. Меthods. Field experiment and analytical method. Results. The data on the content of humus, mobile phosphorus and potassium in the grain fields of crop rotation under the effect of different fertilisation systems are presented. It was established that the humus, mobile phosphorus and potassium content of soil increased significantly with the application of organo-mineral fertilisation system, while the factor of the field of crop rotation was insignificant. The mineral fertilisation system was inferior to the organo-mineral one in terms of its effect on the key fertility indicators of the soil. Conclusions. The application of mineral fertilisers in both grain fields of crop rotation promoted an increase in the humus content layer by 0.02−0.05% in the 0–30 cm compared to zero fertilisation (control). At the same time, application of N33.3Р13.3K20 and N50P20K30 in the field with pea provided a slightly higher increase in the humus content of soil compared to the control than in the field with buckwheat – 0.02% and 0.01%, respectively. The maximum content of humus in the soil − 4.06% in the 0–30 cm layer and 3.86% in the 30–40 cm layer − was achieved with the application of N50P20K30 + green manure + harvest residues ensuring 0.13% and 0.02%, respectively, increase to the control. Mobile phosphorus and potassium contents of soil were affected mainly by the factor fertilisation system. They were the highest in the field with pea under the organo-mineral fertilisation system (N50P20K30 + green manure + harvest residues): 138 mg/kg and 103 mg/kg in the 0–30 cm layer and 116 mg/kg and 67 mg/kg in the 30–40 cm layer, exceeding the control by 18 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 7 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, respectively. The combined application of mineral and organic fertilisers significantly increased the amount of phosphorus and potassium income in the soil and ensured the highest content of their mobile forms. The application of mineral fertilisers was much less effective compared to organic-mineral in terms of the impact on the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium. The introduction of the leguminous crop to the grain field of crop rotation did not significantly affect soil fertility.

Corn yield and the content of mobile phosphorus in typical chernozem under different methods of basic tillagewith the use of chemicalization andbiologization means

Studies have been carried out to study the effectiveness methods of basic tillage with the use of chemicalization and biologization means on the yield of corn and the content of mobile phosphorus in the arable (0-25 cm) layer of typical chernozem underlain by pebbles. Object of research: the soil of the experimental plot is a typical heavy loamy, medium-thick, low-humus chernozem, underlain by pebbles with an average content of humus (according to Tyurin) in the arable layer - 3.6%, mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Machigin) - 15 and 300 mg/ kg respectively. The reaction of the soil environment (by the potentiometric method) is neutral (рНKCl= 7.1). Corn for grain (hybrid Pioneer 9678) was placed in a grain-row crop rotation with alternating crops: wintering peas - winter wheat - corn for grain - spring oats. In the scheme of the experiment, the following variants were studied: reception of the main tillage (factor A) - plowing to a depth of 25 ... 30 cm, disking to a depth of 10 ... 15 cm, chiselling to a depth of 30 ... 40 cm; fertilizers and a biological product according to the aftereffect of green manure (factor B) - without fertilizers and a biological product by aftereffect of green manure, fertilizer (diammophoska, ammonium nitrate) and a biological product (V417) by aftereffect of green manure (spring rape): N120P60K60 + green manure, V417 + green manure, N120P60K60 + V417 + green manure. On average, for two years, among the methods of the main tillage during disking, the highest yield of corn for grain was obtained - 4.75 t/ha with the content of mobile phosphorus in the arable soil layer - 21 mg/kg (63 kg/ha). According to the effect of chemicalization and biologization means for different soil tillages, the use of the biological product V417 by aftereffect of green manure (spring rapeseed) against the background of disking provided the highest average yield of corn for two years - 5.10 t/ha with a content of mobile phosphorus of 21 mg/kg (63 kg/ha). On average, over two years, the highest content of mobile phosphorus - 26 mg / kg (78 kg / ha) with its balance - 60 kg / ha, with an intensity of 236%, was facilitated by disking with the combined use of fertilizers and the biological product V417 according by aftereffect of green manure. At the same time, the parameters of the variants during plowing and chiselling were exceeded by 1.5 ... 2 times. In addition, an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer of soil from a low (11...15 mg/kg) to an average level (16...30 mg/kg) was achieved.

Агрохимическая оценка почв Белокатайского района Республики Башкортостан (на примере Яныбаевского сельского совета)

The article presents the results of agrochemical assessment of agricultural land for a 33-year period of use. The structure of the soil cover of the surveyed territory includes gray forest, chernozems, alluvial meadow, alluvial, peat-bog, their total area is 9034.5 hectares. The results of the survey revealed a decrease in the weighted average humus content in soils by 1.5%, the reaction of the soil solution is average acidic - decreased by 0.1 units, the content of mobile phosphorus decreased by 3.1 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium by 3.4 mg/kg. Based on the obtained data of agrochemical assessment of soils, an electronic soil map of the joint venture Yanybaevsky Belokataysky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan was created. Keywords: AGROCHEMICAL SURVEY OF SOILS, SOIL FERTILITY, MONITORING

Агрохимическая оценка почв Белокатайского района Республики Башкортостан (на примере Яныбаевского сельского совета)

The article presents the results of agrochemical assessment of agricultural land for a 33-year period of use. The structure of the soil cover of the surveyed territory includes gray forest, chernozems, alluvial meadow, alluvial, peat-bog, their total area is 9034.5 hectares. The results of the survey revealed a decrease in the weighted average humus content in soils by 1.5%, the reaction of the soil solution is average acidic - decreased by 0.1 units, the content of mobile phosphorus decreased by 3.1 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium by 3.4 mg/kg. Based on the obtained data of agrochemical assessment of soils, an electronic soil map of the joint venture Yanybaevsky Belokataysky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan was created. Keywords: AGROCHEMICAL SURVEY OF SOILS, SOIL FERTILITY, MONITORING

Monitoring of Fertility and Ecotoxicological Condition of Reference Sites of Sod-Podzolic Soils of the Ivanovo Region

The results of agrochemical and ecotoxicological studies of the arable layer of reference plots of sod-podzolic soils for agricultural purposes of the Ivanovo region are presented, which were carried out in order to establish the level of fertility according to the main agrochemical indicators, the content of sulfur and trace elements, ecotoxicological state – by gross and mobile forms of heavy metals and arsenic. The deterioration of such indicators of soil fertility as the availability of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, mobile potassium, the amount of absorbed bases and the capacity of cation exchange has been established. An increase in the content of mobile phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, magnesium and other absorbed bases was noted with an unchanged content of organic matter. The fertility of the studied soils was assessed by calculating the soil-ecological index. The provision of soils with trace elements and mobile sulfur has been established. The content of gross and mobile forms of metals in soils, with the exception of arsenic in the soils of individual sites, did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations and clarks. The studied soils are slightly polluted and are not dangerous for cultivated plants and human health. According to the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, the characters of the mutual influence of metabolic acidity, the content of organic matter and the granulometric composition of soils with the content of available forms of trace elements, gross and mobile forms of metals and arsenic are established.

Efficiency of Application of Organic, Organo-Mineral and Mineral Fertilizer Systems on Sod-Podzolic Heavy Loamy Soil in Sis-Urals

In a long-term field experiment, laid down in 1968, an assessment of the effectiveness of the use of organic, mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil was carried out. It was found that in the climatic conditions of the Urals, the organic fertilizer system was inferior to the mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems in terms of its effect on crop yields. In some rotations of crop rotations, the organo-mineral fertilizer system was more effective, in others - the mineral fertilizer system. The effectiveness of the use of fertilizers depending on the conditions of humidification of the growing season is considered. The balance of organic carbon and basic nutrients in the soil is calculated. Long-term cultivation of agricultural crops without the use of fertilizers led to the loss of 10 tons of organic carbon, ~2300 kg of nitrogen, 780 kg of phosphorus and 2700 kg of potassium from the soil. High negative balances of basic nutrients in the control variant led to a deterioration in soil fertility indicators. It is shown that the use of all fertilizer systems provided an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium compounds in the soil relative to the initial level by 1.2-3.0 times. When using organic and organo-mineral fertilizer systems, the maintenance of organic carbon content at the initial level (1.3%) was noted. When using a mineral fertilizer system, the maintenance of the organic carbon content at the initial level was noted only at a higher saturation of the arable land with NPK. The mineral fertilizer system has led to acidification of the soil.

Changes in the agrochemical parameters of sod-podzolic soils under the influence of chromium pollution and recultivation measures

In the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, field experiments (2017-2021) were carried out on the remediation of agro-podzolic loamy soil (albeluvisoils) with a high level of chromium contamination (application of 500 mg a.i./kg of soil). Both chemical and physicochemical mechanisms have been used to reduce the degree of mobility of this heavy metal in soil. Ameliorants and fertilizers (limestone and phosphate rock, superphosphate, potassium humate, peat, zeolite) in various doses were studied as ameliorative additives. Various doses of ameliorants and fertilizers were studied as ameliorative additives: limestone and phospharite meal, superphosphate, potassium humate, peat and zeolite. As a result of the research, it was found that all ameliorative additives not only caused a sharp decrease in the mobility of chromium by 40-65 %, but also had a positive effect on the agrochemical parameters of the contaminated soil. The nature and parameters of this influence were determined by their chemical composition, the rate of application, and the period that passed after the application. Limestone flour statistically significantly reduced soil acidity in contaminated soil (by 1.21-3.03 pHKCl units) and increased the total of absorbed bases by 1.7-6.5 times. Phospharite meal (by 2.1-9.1 times) and superphosphate (by 13-43 %) increased the mobile phosphorus content in the soil; peat increased the organic matter content (by 0.28-1.47 abs.%); zeolite increased the total exchangeable bases by 1.4-9.8 mmol/100g or by 12-239 %. The positive effect of these ameliorative additives, especially their increased doses, was traced during all five years of observation, what allows them to be recommended as promising ameliorants for restoring the fertility of soddy-podzolic soils contaminated with chromium.

A new early-ripening soybean variety of the northern ecotype Civil

The data on morphobiological features and the main indicators of quality of the grain variety Civil are presented. The results of competitive testing are given, and the adaptability of the variety to different conditions of cultivation is shown. The need to develop early-ripening soybean varieties for agricultural production in the northern regions of Russia is noted, since the varieties with a growing season of 110-125 days do not ripen. Breeding work on soybean varieties was carried out at the experimental site under field conditions. The soil of the experimental field is gray forest heavy loam with a humus content of 4.1, close to neutral (with a soil solution reaction of 5.7), with a high content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The new variety Civil has a growing season of 83-105 days. The soybean variety of the northern ecotype Civil (breeding number 116 4/7-1sk) was bred by multiple individual selection in a hybrid population of F3-F8 obtained from the offspring of Chera-1 x SOUTH 30. The variety has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2022 for the Central region (3). The new variety is characterized by early maturity, high yield, its potential yield exceeds 3.8 tons of grain/ha. The Civil variety differs from the zoned varieties by an increased oil content. The fat content in soybean seeds of this variety reaches 24%, which is 1.8% higher than that of the SibNIIK 315 standard variety. The inclusion of a new early maturing soybean variety of the northern ecotype Сivil in the soil and climatic conditions of the midland will contribute to the promotion of the crop in the northern regions of Russia.

A study of the effect of mineral fertilizers as a factor in improving environmental safety and productivity of crop rotation

The crop rotation productivity depends on the crops and chemicals used, especially fertilizers. Cultivation of crops makes it possible to obtain environmentally safe products due to biologically correctly selected predecessors and with the correct alternation of crops in space and time. This allows for savings in plant protection products and differentiated use of fertilizers. Based on the results of 28-year research into the yield and productivity of crop rotation with the use of various doses of fertilizers, the regularities of changes in the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the soddy-podzolic medium loamy soil of Vologda Oblast were revealed, and regression models that reflect their relationship with the productivity of crop rotation were built. The results made it possible to build a non-linear regression model that reflects quantitative features of the dependence of crop rotation productivity on the levels of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. With an increase in the content of mobile elements in the soil in the case of mobile phosphorus, the productivity of crop rotation will increase with a slight slowdown with each single dose, and in the case of exchangeable potassium it will increase evenly.

Forest Litter Features in Floodplain Forest of the “Bolshaya Kokshaga” Reserve

The studies, carried out in the floodplain ecotopes of the Bolshaya Kokshaga reserve (Russia, the Republic of Mari El) are relevant due to the need to understand the patterns of formation of the forest litter properties, which are a sensitive integral indicator of the biogeocenoses conditions. The work has been carried out on 20 test plots located in different parts of the floodplain in areas with a point bar type of river bed evolution, and, in addition to the main physicochemical parameters, the weight of the litter, its fractional composition and seasonal dynamics, as well as carbon reserves in it, were estimated. It was established that the weight of the litter on the studies sites decreased during the growing season from 20 to 33% of its value at the end of May. The main loss of its mass was observed in the first half of summer. The variability of the litter’s physicochemical parameters, especially its acidity, the degree of base saturation, the exchangeable calcium content, as well as the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium compounds, was found to be tied mainly to the features of the ecotopes, and their seasonal changes turned out to be statistically insignificant. It was determined that the greatest differences between the ecotopes were in the litter mass and the carbon stock in it. The mobile potassium and exchangeable calcium content were the highest in the litter of biotopes from the central part of the floodplain, and the content of ash and mobile phosphorus was the highest in the near-river zone. The ecotopes differed least of all in terms of the litter acidity and the degree of base saturation. It was shown that the carbon mass and stock in the litter of floodplain forests were significantly lower than in watershed stands, which was explained by its partial removal during floods, having the strongest effect in near-river ecotopes. The litter from the floodplain ecotopes, compared to the watershed ecotopes, also had significantly lower values of acidity, ash content, the sum of exchangeable bases, and the mobile potassium content. They surpassed the litter of lichen and mossy pine forests only in the mobile phosphorus content.

Features of crop formation and productivity of legume-festulolium grass mixtures in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia

The article presents the results of four years of research in a field experiment conducted on medium-loamy gray forest soil of the Kaluga region. The soil of the experiment was characterized by: humus content - 2.7%, pH – 5.9, gross nitrogen content - 0.12%, mobile phosphorus content - 135, exchangeable potassium - 100 mg/kg of soil. Objects of research: festulolium of the Fest and Allegro varieties, skip-row sown and in mixtures with legumes grasses - meadow clover of the Delets and Orlovsky varieties, alfalfa variable Sarga variety and Eastern galega Gale variety. Legumes-festulolium grass mixtures on average for three years formed the green mass and dry matter yield in the range of 34.5-43.5; 34,8-43,9 and 7,2-9,3; 7,2-9,4 t/ha, respectively, with skip-row and mixed sowing methods. The maximum productivity was obtained in a grass mixture of alfalfa of the hybrid Sarga variety with festulolium of the Allegro variety. The yield of exchange energy in legume-festulolium grass mixtures was in the range of 66.8-90.4 and 68.1-91.3 GJ/ha, respectively, with skip-row and mixed crops. The largest collection was provided by alfalfa-festulolium mixtures. Alfalfa grass mixtures of the Sarga variety with festulolium of the Fest and Allegro varieties provided the collection of crude protein 17.1-17.3 and 16.7-17.2 c/ha, respectively, with skip-row and mixed sowing methods. The collection of crude protein in clover- and galega-festulolium grass mixtures did not exceed 11.7 and 12.0 c/ha. The total energy costs and the energy efficiency coefficient according to the experimental variants were 17.2-17.7 GJ/ha and 3.8-5.1 for skip-row, 17.3-17.8 GJ/ha and 3.9-5.1 for mixed crops, respectively. Grass mixtures with the participation of alfalfa of the Sarga variety and festulolium of the Fest and Allegro varieties had the highest total energy costs and the maximum energy efficiency coefficient.