The effect of anthropogenic load on the environmental state of rural settlements in the Rivnе and Ternopil regions

Abstract

Aim. Investigate the state of soils and natural waters to identify the impact of anthropogenic load on the ecological state of rural settlements in the Rivne and Ternopil regions. Methods. The route monitoring method was used to conduct research. Chemical-analytical studies were performed according to the methods that correspond to the regulatory framework of Ukraine. Results. Human agricultural activity within the settlements of Rivne and Ternopil regions had a certain influence on the main indicators of soil quality. It was most significant on the less fertile soils of the Rivne region. The lack of ameliorative measures (periodic liming), an unbalanced ratio between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and non-compliance with the rules of crop rotation lead to deterioration of soil quality indicators. Due to the uncontrolled application of ash, organic fertilizers, etc., by owners on homesteads, a very high supply of mobile phosphorus compounds was noted – from 318.2 to 1200 mg/kg of soil and an average of 101.2 mg/kg and a very high supply of mobile potassium compounds – 760 mg/kg of soil. In the Ternopil region, on more fertile soils, an improvement in physicochemical and agrochemical indicators of fertility was noted on homestead plots and fields compared to fallows, which indicates the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers, ash, etc. by the owners. On homesteads and fields, a decrease in the exchangeable acidity of the soil by 0.7–0.9 units and indicators of hydrolytic acidity up to 2.4 times compared to fallows was noted. The humus content tended to accumulate. The content of mobile phosphorus and potassium compounds in homesteads and fields was almost 1.8 times higher than in fallows. Quality indicators of drinking water samples taken in populated areas did not exceed regulatory requirements. Conclusions. A study of the state of settlement areas in the Rivne and Ternopil regions showed a significant influence of anthropogenic human activity on soil quality indicators. Therefore, monitoring the migration and accumulation of biogenic elements and ecotoxicants is important to prevent soil and natural water pollution.