Abstract
Studies have been carried out to study the effectiveness methods of basic tillage with the use of chemicalization and biologization means on the yield of corn and the content of mobile phosphorus in the arable (0-25 cm) layer of typical chernozem underlain by pebbles. Object of research: the soil of the experimental plot is a typical heavy loamy, medium-thick, low-humus chernozem, underlain by pebbles with an average content of humus (according to Tyurin) in the arable layer - 3.6%, mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Machigin) - 15 and 300 mg/ kg respectively. The reaction of the soil environment (by the potentiometric method) is neutral (рНKCl= 7.1). Corn for grain (hybrid Pioneer 9678) was placed in a grain-row crop rotation with alternating crops: wintering peas - winter wheat - corn for grain - spring oats. In the scheme of the experiment, the following variants were studied: reception of the main tillage (factor A) - plowing to a depth of 25 ... 30 cm, disking to a depth of 10 ... 15 cm, chiselling to a depth of 30 ... 40 cm; fertilizers and a biological product according to the aftereffect of green manure (factor B) - without fertilizers and a biological product by aftereffect of green manure, fertilizer (diammophoska, ammonium nitrate) and a biological product (V417) by aftereffect of green manure (spring rape): N120P60K60 + green manure, V417 + green manure, N120P60K60 + V417 + green manure. On average, for two years, among the methods of the main tillage during disking, the highest yield of corn for grain was obtained - 4.75 t/ha with the content of mobile phosphorus in the arable soil layer - 21 mg/kg (63 kg/ha). According to the effect of chemicalization and biologization means for different soil tillages, the use of the biological product V417 by aftereffect of green manure (spring rapeseed) against the background of disking provided the highest average yield of corn for two years - 5.10 t/ha with a content of mobile phosphorus of 21 mg/kg (63 kg/ha). On average, over two years, the highest content of mobile phosphorus - 26 mg / kg (78 kg / ha) with its balance - 60 kg / ha, with an intensity of 236%, was facilitated by disking with the combined use of fertilizers and the biological product V417 according by aftereffect of green manure. At the same time, the parameters of the variants during plowing and chiselling were exceeded by 1.5 ... 2 times. In addition, an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer of soil from a low (11...15 mg/kg) to an average level (16...30 mg/kg) was achieved.
Published Version
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