Влияние погодных условий, основной обработки почвы, продуктивной влаги и питательных веществ на урожайность зерновых культур

Abstract

Abstract. The aim of work – to establish the impact of weather factors, the content of productive moisture and nutrients in the soil on increasing the yield of field crops in grain-pair crop rotations. Research methods: field, thermostatic-weight, ionometric, Machigin’s. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the impact of agrometeorological conditions (2014–2021), the content of productive moisture and nutrients on the yield of grain crops after zero and flat-cut processing (25-27 cm) of soil on parts of the slope was assessed. Results. It was found that, on average, during the growing season (May – August), the air temperature (18.8 °C) and dry days (74) negatively affect the yield of barley (1.10 and 0.86 t/ha) on the upper part of the slope and amount to 55.72 and 66.55 % for flat-cut tillage compared to zero (control) – 43.88 and 55.38 % (P ≤ 0.05). Atmospheric precipitation (92.0 mm) has a positive effect on the yield of durum wheat (0.99 and 0.83 t/ha) on the middle part of the slope and amounts to 47.39 % on the flat-cut and 52.03 % without tillage (P ≤ 0.05). Spring productive moisture (105.0 and 101.0 mm) in the meter layer of soil favorably affects the yield of soft wheat (1.05 and 0.78 t/ha) on the upper part of the slope and amounts to 64.15% for flat-cut processing compared to 76.80 % control (P < 0.05). The increase in the yield of soft wheat (1.42 t/ha) and barley (1.43 t/ha) depends on the influence of the content of mobile phosphorus (3.7 and 3.5 mg / 100 g) in the soil layer 0–30 cm on the lower part of the slope for flat-cut processing and amounts to 54.15 and 55.98 % (P < 0.05). Thus, dry weather conditions, the content of productive moisture, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium for the remaining sowing options do not affect the increase in yield.