Content Of Lipid Peroxidation Products Research Articles

Loach embryos prooxidant-antioxidant status under the influence of amide derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone.

The mechanisms of disorders in cell functions induced by 1,4-naphthoquinone amide derivatives are not clarified yet. The article is dedicated to the study of features of these substances influence on loach Misgurnus fossilis L. embryos pro/antioxidant homeostasis during early embryogenesis. The aim of this work was to study the effect of 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-chloro-3-(3-oxo-3-(piperidine-1-yl)propylamine)-1,4-naphthoquinone (FO-1), 2-chloro-3-(3-(morpholine-4-yl)-3-oxopropylamine)-1,4-naphthoquinone (FO-2 at concentrations of 10-3, 10-5, 10-7 M on the content of TBA-reactive substances (a byproduct of lipid peroxidation) and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in loach embryos. It was established that 1,4-naphthoquinone amide derivatives and 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone decreased the content of lipid peroxidation products in embryo cells in a dose-dependent manner. The investigated compounds cause an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities compared with the control value. The results of the two-factor ANOVA test indicate that 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone amide derivatives (FO-1, FO-2) have predominant influence on the TBA-reactive substances content and superoxide dismutase activity. However, the time of loach embryos development has a more pronounced effect on catalase activity than the studied 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives.

Influence of Linoleic Acid-Induced Oxidative Modification on Gel Properties of Myofibrillar Protein from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Muscle

Oxidation extent of myofibrillar protein (MP) from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was affected by the content and type of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products. Oxidized linoleic acid (OLA) was selected as a main representative of lipid peroxidation to investigate the effects of oxidative modification of LPO products on MP structure. Structural changes of the oxidized myofibrillar protein were evaluated by the contents of carbonyl and total sulfhydryls, surface hydrophobicity, SDS-PAGE and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Heating procedure was also applied for further evaluation of gelling properties. The results from SDS-PAGE indicated that aggregation and denaturation of myosin occurred in the oxidized system. The presence of OLA intensified oxidation-initiated loss of a-helix conformation as well as tertiary structure of MP. With the addition of OLA concentration less than 3 mM, a remarkably enhanced gelling capacity of MP was observed. While the excessive covalent bond (OLA > 5 mM) could lead to the breakage of protein-protein bonds, causing the collapse of the gel structure. The gelation procedure induced by OLA involved simultaneous protein oxidation and internal cross-linking.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neocortex and Hippocampus of Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice, a Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Structural and functional impairments of mitochondria in brain tissues in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cause energy deficiency, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and premature neuronal death. However, the causal relations between accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as molecular mechanisms underlying deleterious effects of both these factors in sporadic AD, the most common form in humans, remain unknown. Here we used olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice of NMRI strain as a model for sporadic AD. Five weeks after surgery, the OBX mice developed major behavioral and biochemical features of AD neurodegeneration, including spatial memory loss, increased brain levels of Aβ, and energy deficiency. Mitochondria isolated from the neocortex and hippocampus of OBX mice displayed severe functional impairments, such as low NADH oxidation rate, reduced transmembrane potential, and decreased cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) activity that correlated with high levels of soluble Aβ1-40. Mitochondria from OBX mice showed increased contents of lipid peroxidation products, indicative of the development of oxidative stress. We found that neurodegeneration caused by olfactory bulbectomy is accompanied by energy metabolism disturbances and oxidative stress in brain mitochondria similar to those occurring in transgenic animals - familial AD models and patients with sporadic AD. Therefore, OBX mice can serve as a valid AD model for investigating the mechanisms of AD neurodegeneration, drug testing, and development of therapeutic strategies for AD treatment.

Effect of heat treatment with biologically active substances on the functioning of low-molecular antioxidant system during the storage of sweet bell pepper fruits

Despite the fact, that combination of heat treatment and treatment with exogenous biologically active substances increases shelf life of sweet bell pepper fruits and facilitates decreasing of metabolism, influence of such treatment on functioning of low-molecular antioxidant system was not studied. Used in this research hybrids of sweet bell pepper Hercules and Nikita were grown in the open-field conditions. Fruits were dipped for 15 min. into the prepared composition of biologically active substances with temperature of 45 ºС. Composition consisted of substances with bactericide and antioxidant effect: butylhydroxitoluol, lecithin and water extract of horse-reddish root. After drying fruits were put in box, covered with a polyethylene film, and stored in 7 ± 0,5 ºС and relative humidity 95 ± 1%. Influence of heat and antioxidant treatments combination on the content of lipid peroxidation products, ascorbic acid, phenol substances and carotenoids was studied.It was shown, that content of malondialdehyde in treated fruits is 1.7…2 times lower depending on hybrid in comparison with control groups. Heat treatment of pepper fruits with antioxidant composition inhibits oxidative activity of enzymes ascorbatoxidase and poliphenoloxidase, which leads to better maintenance of low-molecular antioxidant fund. Treated pepper fruit contain 20% more ascorbic acid and 10% more phenol substances. In pepper fruits, which were treated with heat and antioxidants, content of carotenoids is 20…30% higher comparing to the control group of fruit. Between the content of malondialdehyde and quantity of low-molecular antioxidants strong reverse correlative dependencies (r=-0,90…-0,92) were found, which testify to their importance in reactive oxygen species utilization during the storage of sweet bell pepper fruits

Synthetic catecholamine triggers β1-adrenergic receptor activation and stimulates cardiotoxicity via oxidative stress mediated apoptotic cell death in rats: Abrogating action of thymol

Nowadays, there are considerable interests in the studies which are more connected with the impact of natural antioxidants against the free radical mediated damage in biological systems. Cardiotoxicity is one of the lethal manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which have been associated with the incidence of apoptotic cell death due to oxidative stress. We evaluated the impact of thymol, a dietary monoterpene phenol on isoproterenol (ISO), a synthetic catecholamine and a β1-adrenergic receptor agonist in rats. Thymol (7.5 mg/kg body weight) was pre and co-treated into male albino Wistar rats daily for a period of 7 days. Induction of cardiotoxicity was done by the subcutaneous administration of ISO (100 mg/kg body weight) into rats on 6th and 7th day. Cardiotoxicity in rats was confirmed by the increased levels/activity of serum troponin-T and creatine kinase in the serum alongwith decreased activity of creatine kinase in the heart. ISO induced cardiotoxic rats also showed a significant increase in the concentrations of lipid peroxidation products and a significant decrease in the activities/levels of antioxidants in the myocardium whereas Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction study revealed an increased expression of caspase-8, caspase-9 and Fas genes along with a decreased expression of Bcl-xL gene in the myocardium. Thymol pre and co-treated ISO induced cardiotoxic rats showed considerable protective effects on all the biochemical parameters studied. Histopathological and in vitro findings are found in line with our biochemical findings. Thus, the present study revealed that thymol counters ISO induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in rats by virtue of its potent antioxidant property.

Size of silver nanoparticles determines proliferation ability of human circulating lymphocytes in vitro.

In this work we present biological effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by picosecond laser ablation of silver in deionized water. We examined induction of chromosomal aberrations, lymphocyte micronuclei, appearance and recovery of double strand breaks (DSBs) of DNA, cell proliferation potential, concentration of lipid peroxidation products and insulin-like growth factor 1 (ILGF-1). We found that AgNPs sized from 3 nm to 8 nm induce cell cytostasis, which is accompanied with its clastogenic action on DNA, while AgNPs, sized 2 nm behaves contrary stimulating cell proliferation by enhancing ILGF-1 concentration.

THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL DOSE OF RADIATION AND COAL-ROCK DUST ON PRODUCTS OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN RATS

Ponte Academic JournalMay 2016, Volume 72, Issue 5 THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL DOSE OF RADIATION AND COAL-ROCK DUST ON PRODUCTS OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN RATSAuthor(s): Oralbek Ilderbayev ,L.E. Chulenbayeva, G.S. Nurmukhambetova, A.K. Musaynova, S.O. Rakhyzhanova, G.O. Ilderbayeva, R.R. Olzhayeva, O.A. UsenovaJ. Ponte - May 2016 - Volume 72 - Issue 5 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2016.5.27 Abstract:The aim of this research is to study the role of free radical oxidation in the tissues of adrenal and immune organs and lymphocytes during combined effect of sublethal dose of gamma radiation (6 Gy) and coal-rock dust in remote period of time. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: I – control; II – exposure to coal-rock dust; III – exposure to radiation; IV – combined exposure of coal-rock dust and radiation. Rats from group III and IV exposed by radiation up to 90 days with 6 Gy once via Teragam Сo60 (Czech Republic). The analyses of lipid peroxidation indicators after the combined action of gamma radiation and coal-rock dust sublethal doses have been carried out. The combined effect was accompanied by the accumulation of products of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde lipids peroxidation in the homogenates. Moreover the development of dual oxidative stress in the investigated objects was observed. The enhanced content of lipid peroxidation products indicates that the increase of free radical processes is due to long term effect. The dominant role of ionizing radiation in combined exposure of coal-radiation factor has been revealed. Keywords: radiation, lipid peroxidation, coal-rock dust, combined action. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: I – control; II – exposure to coal-rock dust; III – exposure to radiation; IV – combined exposure of coal-rock dust and radiation. Rats from group III and IV exposed by radiation up to 90 days with 6 Gy once via Teragam Сo60 (Czech Republic). The analyses of lipid peroxidation indicators after the combined action of gamma radiation and coal-rock dust sublethal doses have been carried out. The combined effect was accompanied by the accumulation of products of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde lipids peroxidation in the homogenates. Moreover the development of dual oxidative stress in the investigated objects was observed. The enhanced content of lipid peroxidation products indicates that the increase of free radical processes is due to long term effect. The dominant role of ionizing radiation in combined exposure of coal-radiation factor has been revealed. Keywords: radiation, lipid peroxidation, coal-rock dust, combined action. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: I – control; II – exposure to coal-rock dust; III – exposure to radiation; IV – combined exposure of coal-rock dust and radiation. Rats from group III and IV exposed by radiation up to 90 days with 6 Gy once via TERAGAM Сo60 (Czech Republic). The analyses of lipid peroxidation indicators after the combined action of gamma radiation and coal-rock dust sublethal doses have been carried out. The combined effect was accompanied by the accumulation of products of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde lipids peroxidation in the homogenates. Moreover the development of dual oxidative stress in the investigated objects was observed. The enhanced content of lipid peroxidation products indicates that the increase of free radical processes is due to long term effect. The dominant role of ionizing radiation in combined exposure of coal-radiation factor has been revealed. Keywords: radiation, lipid peroxidation, coal-rock dust, combined action. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

The effect of melaxen administration on the tissue oxidative status in rats with brain ischemia/reperfusion

Melaxen administration to rats with brain ischemia/reperfusion was accompanied by a decrease of the lactate level (an organ ischemia marker), biochemiluminescence parameters characterizing the intensity of free radical processes and total antioxidant activity, the content of lipid peroxidation products, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as compared with the values determined in rats with induced brain ischemia/reperfusion. Activity of aconitate hydratase, a sensitive target of free radicals action, and the citrate level in the brain and blood serum of melaxen-treated animals changed towards control values of intact animals. It is assumed that the effect of melaxen is associated with implementation of the antioxidant and protective properties of melatonin, the melaxen constituent, under conditions of post-ischemic reperfusion injury, accompanied by oxidative stress development.

Prevention of NAFLD development in rats with obesity via the improvement of pro/antioxidant state by cerium dioxide nanoparticles.

BackgroundOne of the pathogenic mechanisms of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn aggravates the disease progress. We have investigated novel cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) due to their promising antioxidant auto-regenerative ability and low toxicity.Methods30 white male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control, monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity and MSG treated with nCeO2 (MSG+nCeO2) groups. Newborn rats of control group were injected with saline (control). MSG− and MSG+nCeO2 groups were injected with MSG (4 mg/g concentration, 8 μl/g volume) between the 2nd and the 10th days of life subcutaneously [13]. At the age of 1 month, rats of group II were administered water 2.9 ml/kg orally, MSG+nCeO2 group received 1 mM solution of nCeO2 1 mg/kg orally. 4-months rats were sacrificed and the liver was harvested for histological and biochemical analysis. To assess the morphological changes in the liver we used NAS (NAFLD activity score). The content of lipid peroxidation products and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the liver were studied by standard biochemical methods [Refs].ResultsIn 4-month rats we found significantly lower total score (1.3±0.26 vs 3.6±0.34, p<0.001), degree of steatosis (1.1±0.18 vs 2.1±0.18, p<0.001), manifestation of lobular inflammation (0.2±0.13 vs 1.2±0.2, p<0.001) and ballooning degeneration (0.0±0.0 vs 0.3±0.15, p=0.034) due to NAS in the nCeO2 group compared to the MSG-group. nCeO2 significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue, namely it reduced the conjugated dienes content by 27% (p<0.05), TBA-products – by 43% (p<0.05) and Schiff bases – by 21% (p<0.05).ConclusionsDue to its antioxidant properties nCeO2 significantly reduces the incidence of NASH and improves the main NAFLD histological features.

Lipid peroxidation in cardiac mitochondrial fraction of rats exposed to different supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids

The effect of diet supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) used at different ratios of w-6/w-3 was studied on the content of primary (diene conjugates, DC; triene conjugates, TC), secondary (ketodienes, CD; coupled trienes, CT; TBA-active products) and terminal (Schiff bases) lipid peroxidation products (LPO) and generation of superoxide anion-radical in rat heart mitochondrial fraction. It was shown that diet supplementation with high doses of w-6 or w-3 PUFAs increased the content of primary, secondary and terminal LPO in rat heart mitochondrial fraction. Llipid peroxidation was accompanied by the intensification of superoxide anion-radical generation in rat heart mitochondrial fraction. During diet consumption with the PUFAs leading factor affecting the intensity of lipoperoxidation in rat heart mitochondria is fatty acid composition, rather than the level of their saturation.

The processes of lipid peroxidation in the cells of Chlorobium limicola IMV K-8 under the influence of copper (II) sulphate

The effect of stressors, including heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, promotes activation of free radical processes in the cells of microorganisms, which causes changes in their physiological and biochemical properties and the structure of bacterial membranes. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of copper (II) sulphate on intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) of Chlorobium limicola IMV K-8 by measuring the content of primary (conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxides) and secondary lipid peroxidation products (TBA-reactive products). Microorganisms were cultivated at a temperature of 28 °C in GSB cultivation medium with exposure to light of wavelength 700–800 nm and intensity 40 lux. A suspension of C. limicola ІМV К-8 cells in the phase of exponential growth was treated for one hour with metal salt solution in concentrations 0.05–0.50 mM for investigation of the influence of copper (II) sulphate on its physiological and biochemical properties. The control samples did not contain any copper (II) sulphate. Biomass was determined by turbidity of diluted cell suspension by application of photoelectric colorimeter KFK-3. A mixture of n-heptane and isopropyl alcohol was added into cell-free extract for conjugated dienes determination. The samples were incubated at room temperature and centrifuged. Water was added into the supernatant and the samples were stirred. Ethanol was added to the heptanes phase and adsorption was measured at 233 nm. The content of lipid hydroperoxides was determined by a method based on protein precipitation by trichloroacetic acid followed by addition of ammonium thiocyanate. The concentration of TBA-reactive products in the cell-free extracts was determined by color reaction with malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid exposed to high temperature and acidity of the medium, which causes formation of trimetinic adduct with maximal absorption at 532 nm. It was shown that when CuSO4 was added to the incubation medium the content of conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxides increased with the enhancement of salt concentration. However, its value decreased by the seventh and eighth days of cultivation. The content of TBA-reactive products under the influence of copper (II) sulphate varied depending on the duration of cultivation and concentration of the metal. Its highest quantity was observed on the eighth day of cultivation. Thus it was determined that under the influence of CuSO4 the content of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-reactive products increases. This indicates the increased activity of lipid peroxidation processes and the free radical chain reaction damage mechanism to lipids under these conditions.

A pathogenesis related-10 protein CaARP functions as aldo/keto reductase to scavenge cytotoxic aldehydes.

Pathogenesis related-10 (PR-10) proteins are present as multigene family in most of the higher plants. The role of PR-10 proteins in plant is poorly understood. A sequence analysis revealed that a large number of PR-10 proteins possess conserved motifs found in aldo/keto reductases (AKRs) of yeast and fungi. We took three PR-10 proteins, CaARP from chickpea, ABR17 from pea and the major pollen allergen Bet v1 from silver birch as examples and showed that these purified recombinant proteins possessed AKR activity using various cytotoxic aldehydes including methylglyoxal and malondialdehyde as substrates and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as co-factor. Essential amino acids for this catalytic activity were identified by substitution with other amino acids. CaARP was able to discriminate between the reduced and oxidized forms of NADP independently of its catalytic activity and underwent structural change upon binding with NADPH. CaARP protein was preferentially localized in cytosol. When expressed in bacteria, yeast or plant, catalytically active variants of CaARP conferred tolerance to salinity, oxidative stress or cytotoxic aldehydes. CaARP-expressing plants showed lower lipid peroxidation product content in presence or absence of stress suggesting that the protein functions as a scavenger of cytotoxic aldehydes produced by metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Our result proposes a new biochemical property of a PR-10 protein.

Pharmacologicalmodification of thegabaergicsystem as a potentialvariant of cerebral protection in acute cerebral ischemia

The aim is to study the possible impact of some derivatives of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), piracetam, picamilon and Krebs cycle intermediates - succinate (as sodium salt) on the pathobiochemical changes in the central nervous system, that occur under experimental playing of acute ischemic tissue damage of the cerebrum.Research methods: The study was conducted in 96 rats Wistar, who were on a standardized vivarium diet. Cerebral ischemia was caused by bond of the unilateral common carotid artery. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally once daily for 4 days after modeling of an acute cerebral ischemia after which animals were withdrawn from experiment. In the brain tissues concentrations of pyruvic, izocitric, dairy and apple acids were determined. The activity of antioxidant enzymes: catalase and superoxide dysmutaza. In addition, the brain tissues the contents of lipid peroxidation products were evaluated – diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde. Level of brain energy production was judged by the content of the adenylic nucleotide and also phosphocreatine . The degree of destruction of the brain cells was assessed by activity of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in the blood and brain fraction of the creatine phosphokinase.Research results: As a result of studies, on the 4th day of ischemia a significant carbohydrate metabolism is detected, which is reflected in the sharp strengthening of anaerobic glycolysis and reduced activity of the Krebs cycle reactions, as evidenced by a significant increase in quantity of lactate and decrease in quantity of malate, isocitrate and pyruvate.A sharp strengthening of anaerobic glycolysis results in the accumulation of oxidized products and intermediates especially the latter product – lactic acid. Metabolic acidosis develops against the background of energy failure, which leads to activation of lipid peroxidation reactions. Courses appointment of the cyclic derivatives of GABA piracetam, especially Picamilon, resulted in significantly greater improvement in metabolic parameters compared with sodium succinate may to some extent explained by the higher bioavailability of these agents cells. The impact of these drugs on the nodal points of disturbed metabolism was almost equal and different in antioxidant activity. As to normalization of lipid peroxidation reactions Picamilon was most active.Conclusions: Thus, as a result of the research the following conclusions may be done.1. Bilateral bond of the common carotid artery, accompanied by severe biochemical changes in the brain tissues, that is largely similar to clinical manifestations of acute ischemic stroke.2. Course appointment of GABA derivatives in the acute period of ischemic lesions of the tissues in varyious degrees improves metabolic status of the ischemic brain and detect different degrees of manifestation of cerebral protective action.3. The activity of various GABA derivatives in respect to the different links of pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is not the same, that leads to insufficient sustainable improvement of impaired metabolism when used alone, in the long run may be justification for finding effective combinations of cerebral protective means with different mechanism of action.4. Among the studied drugs, the most active and balanced action was presented by Picamilon drug

Effect of erythropoietin on the content of lipid peroxidation products in lymphocytes in experimental thermal injury

Aim. To investigate the effect of different concentrations of erythropoietin on the content of lipid peroxidation products in lymphocytes isolated from the blood of rats with thermal injury.&#x0D; Methods. The study was performed on 22 white male rats. Thermal injury of IIIA degree on 4% of body surface area was simulated by immersion in water at a temperature of 98-99 °C. After 24 hours, blood lymphocytes were isolated and the content of the primary (diene conjugates), secondary (ketodienes and conjugated trienes) and final products (Schiff bases) of lipid peroxidation were determined spectrophotometrically. Erythropoietin was added to lymphocytes at concentrations of 0.01; 0.1 and 1 IU/ml.&#x0D; Results. It was found that 24 hours after thermal injury there were the accumulation of primary, secondary and final products of lipid peroxidation in isopropanol fraction of lipid extracts of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Addition of erythropoietin to the rat lymphocytes resulted in a controversial change in the content of lipid peroxidation products: an increase in the heptane fraction, decrease - in the isopropanol fraction of lipid extract of lymphocytes. In the heptane fraction erythropoietin (at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 IU/ml) increased the content of primary, end (at a concentration of 0.1 IU/ml) and secondary (at a concentration of 1 IU/ml) lipid peroxidation products. In isopropanol fraction erythropoietin reduced the content of primary (at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 IU/ml), final (at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 IU/ml) and secondary (at concentrations of 0.01 and 1 IU/ml) products of lipid peroxidation.&#x0D; Conclusion. It was found that there is an accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the isopropanol fraction of lipid extract of lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood of rats with thermal injury; erythropoietin application at concentrations of 0.01; 0.1 and 1 IU/ml increases the content of lipid peroxidation products in heptane fraction and decrease in the isopropanol fraction of lipid extract of lymphocytes.

Peculiarities of immunogramm shifts and free radical oxidation markers of blood plasma in HIV-infected heroin addicts

Aim. The contribution of heroin addiction in particular immunogram and oxidative stress in HIV-infected individuals.&#x0D; Methods. The study was performed on 104 patients of working age (23-40 years). The first group consisted of 17 HIV-infected patients with stage III disease, intravenous drug users; the second group - 30 HIV-infected patients not taking the drugs; the third group - 25 injecting drug users not infected with HIV; the fourth group - 32 apparently healthy person. Determination of leukocyte subpopulation composition performed on a flow cytometer «Beckman CoulterFC 500». The blood was determined by the content of lipid peroxidation products and carbonylated proteins.&#x0D; Results. In HIV-infected heroin addicts compounded was the deficit of T-helper cells. Furthermore, there was increase in CD16+-monocytes. In the group of HIV not-infected drug users also showed a reduction in the number of T-helper cells. Other parameters of the immunogram did not differ significantly from control values. In the group of HIV-infected drug addicts found was more distinct decrease in T-helper cells. The number of T-helper cells decreased both in relation to a group of HIV-infected persons who do not inject drugs and in relation to a group of non-infected drug users. Oxidative stress was manifested in a further strengthening of the carbonylation of proteins. In HIV-infected drug users carbonylated protein content was 4.5 times higher than the control level, and was significantly higher than non-infected drug addicts and HIV-infected persons who do not inject drugs.&#x0D; Conclusion. Heroin addiction exacerbates characteristic for HIV-infected individual decrease in CD4+-lymphocytes along with increased free radical oxidation.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ВІЛЬНОРАДИКАЛЬНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ І АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ У ТВАРИН ЗА УМОВ ГОСТРОГО ТОКСИЧНОГО ТА СУБХРОНІЧНОГО УРАЖЕННЯ АЦЕТАМІНОФЕНОМ НА ТЛІ ДОВГОТРИВАЛОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЕСТРОГЕНІВ ТА ПРОГЕСТИНІВ ПРИ КОРЕКЦІЇ ТІОТРИАЗОЛІНОМ ТА ГЕПАДИФ

&lt;p&gt;FEATURES OF FREE RADICAL OXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM PARAMETRS OF ANIMALS AT ACUTE TOXIC AND SUBCHRONIC POISONING BY ACETAMINOPHEN WITH PROLONGED USAGE OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTIN AT THE CORRECTION BY THIOTRIAZOLINE AND HEPADIF&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;I.B. Ivanusa&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;TernopilStateMedicalUniversity&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Activation of lipid peroxidation of animals at poisoning by acetaminophen with prolonged usage of estrogen and progestin are investigated. This is evidenced by increased concentration of reactive oxygen species by mononuclear leukocytes, the content of lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde, diene and triene conjugates. The ability of the corrective factors inhibits the formation of these products in the plasma and homogenate can indirectly evidenced about the antioxidant properties of the drug. So it is interested to investigate the influence of thiotriazoline and hepadif on activity of these processes in rats, which are poisoned by acetaminophen with prolonged usage of estrogen and progestin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;KEY WORDS: acetaminophen, thiotriazoline, hepadif, free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins, antioxidant system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;INTRODUCTION. Acetaminophen is present in more than 200 drugs at various brand names. Almost all of them are used as analgesic and antipyretics. Poisoning may be at usages a big single dose of pure drug or combined drugs containing acetaminophen. Hepatoprotectors are one of the most widely using drugs for the treatment of liver diseases. These drugs are used for metabolism normalization, increase resistance to pathogenic factors, normalization of functional activity and stimulation of reparative - regenerative processes in the liver.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, we set a goal to investigate the effect of acetaminophen on parameters of free radical oxidation and antioxidant system of animals at poisoning by acetaminophen with prolonged usage of estrogen and progestin at the correction by Thiotriazoline and Hepadif.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;INVESTIGATION METHODS. The experiments were performed on white female rats weighing 200 ±20 g, are kept on a standard diet of vivarium and free access to water.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We did three series of experiments. In the first experiment: toxic damage of rats caused by a single intragastric administration of acetaminophen suspension in 2% starch solution at a dose of 1250 mg/kg body weight (1/2 LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;), the second - a suspension of acetaminophen in 2% starch solution at a dose of 55 mg/kg (highest therapeutic dose) is administered within 7 days. Levonorgestrel in 2% solution of starch is administered both series intragastric at a dose of 1.17 mg/kg, and ethinylestradiol - a dose of 0.23 mg/kg within 40 days. Thiotriazoline was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg; Hepadyf - intraperitoneally at a dose of 8.6 mg/kg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1 series of experiments, the experimental rats were divided into 3 groups: 1st - intact (control); 2nd – poisoning by acetaminophen after 40-day administration of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol, 3rd - poisoning by acetaminophen after 40-days administration of levonorgestrel, ethinylestradiol and once Thiotriazoline administration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2 series of experiments, the experimental rats were divided into 3 groups: 1st - intact (control); 2nd - rats with acetaminophen administration within 7 days after 40-day administration of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol, 3rd - poisoning by acetaminophen after 40-days administration of levonorgestrel, ethinylestradiol and 7-days Thiotriazoline administration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 3 series of experiments, the experimental rats were divided into 3 groups: 1st - intact (control); 2nd - rats with acetaminophen administration within 7 days after 40-day administration of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol, 3rd - poisoning by acetaminophen after 40-days administration of levonorgestrel, ethinylestradiol and 7-days Hepadif administration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Concentration of diene conjugates decreased in blood plasma of rats with single and 7-days administration of acetaminophen after 40-days administration of estrogen and progestin and Thiotriazoline administration. Decrease intensity generation of reactive oxygen by blood mononuclear leukocytes is observed at Hepadif action, and Hepadif almost neutralized its toxic effect at seven-times administration of acetaminophen at therapeutic doses. Concentration diene (respectively 2.8 and 2.6 times), and triene conjugates (3.7 and 3.2 times) decreased in plasma of affected animals. Similarly effect was in liver homogenate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amount of oxidized modified proteins in blood plasma and liver of affected animals decreased at correction of lesion by Thiotriazoline and Hepadif. The administration of corrective drugs is caused decrease of malonic aldehyde concentration in plasma and liver of affected rats. Peroxidase activity in blood at correction by Thiotriazoline decreased respectively on 159 and 162% compared with affected animals. Greater effect is observed at action of Hepadif, administration of which normalizated of the peroxidase activity of blood and concentration of ceruloplasmin. Administration of Thiotriazoline and Hepadif has protective effects on glutathione system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;CONCLUSIONS. Usage Thiotriazoline and Hepadif in rats with acetaminophen toxic damage against prolonged administration of estrogens and progestins inhibit reactive oxygen species formation by mononuclear leukocytes, decreas intensity of lipid peroxidation and protein, and normalization of enzyme and nonenzyme links of antioxidant system.&lt;/p&gt;

THE CONTENT OF LIPIDS AND PRODUCTS OF THEIR PEROXIDATION OF RAT THYMOCYTES IN EXPERIMENTAL ULCEROGENESIS

The work is dedicated to the research of the content of lipids and products of their peroxidation in rats thymocytes in experimental ulceration. It was found significant increase of the content of lipid peroxidation products diene conjugates (DC), malondialdehyde (MDA), schiff base (SB) in experimental models of gastric ulcers (ethanol and stress). It was established that under ethanol gastric the contents of DC increases by 1.8 times, MDA by 2.1 and SB by 1.3 times relative to control values. Under stress model it was observed an increase in the number of DC by 2 times, MDA by 1.9 and SB by 1.3 times relative to control. When ethanol and stress ulcers cholesterol increased by 1.7 and 1.5 times, triacylglycerol by 2 and 2.3 times and fatty acids by 2.2 and 1.9 times, respectively, relative to controls. Phosphatidylethanolamine content decreases by 1.5 and 1.3 times compared to control. Also, the stress model, it was observed reduction of phosphatidylinositol by 1.3 times and increased lizofosfatydylholinu by 1.7 times compared to control. Therefore, our studies indicate quantitative changes of lipid content (neutral- and phospholipids) in rats' thymocytes under experimental (ethanol and stress) ulceration. The reason of this changes may be activation of lipid peroxidation, as shown by the increase of lipid peroxidation products' (DK, MDA, SB) content.

THE INFLUENCE OF NANODISPERSE CERIUM DIOXIDE ON ONTOGENETIC CHANGES OF ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN THE MUCOSA OF THE STOMACH AND COLON IN RATS

It was established that with age the content of lipid peroxidation products increased in the mucosa of the stomach: Diene conjugates by 30%, products which react to thiobarbituric acid by 285% and Schif bases by 181%. Nanodisperse cerium dioxide (NCD) reduced the content of lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa in old rats: Diene conjugates by 43 %, products which react to thiobarbituric acid by 51% and Schif bases by 44% relative to the control group of rats given age. Similarly, it was established that the content of Diene conjugates increased by 40%, products which react to thiobarbituric acid by 114% and Schif bases by 132% in the mucosa of the colon of old rats. NDC significant reduced the content of products which react to thiobarbituric acid by 69% and Schyf basics by 132%. In the stomach superoxide dismutase (by 43%) and catalase activity (by 24%) decreases with age, while in the colon superoxide dismutase activity increases (by 43%). In the colon NCD significant decreased superoxide dismutase (by 34%) and catalase activity (by 21%) relative to controls. Thus, the NDC restores lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa and colon, in which develops oxidative stress with age.

Influence of weak permanent magnetic field on lipid peroxidation in radish seedlings

The influence of weak permanent horizontal magnetic field (PMF, field strength ∼400 A/m) on lipid peroxidation was studied with 5-day-old radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. radicula D.C.) seedlings grown in a phytotron at 18–20℃ under illuminance of 1–6 klx and in darkness. Seedlings raised at geomagnetic field (GMF) were used as the reference (control) sample. Under the action of PMF, the largest content of a terminal lipid peroxidation product, MDA was observed in seedlings grown at illuminance of 2–3 klx. No clear dependence of MDA accumulation on light intensity during seedling growth was observed. The action of PMF altered the proportion between light and dark reactions of lipid peroxidation; lipid peroxidation decreased in the magnetic field. During seed germination under the action of PMF, the content of MDA was found to decrease: the largest decrease was observed in 5-day-old seedlings at illuminance of 1 klx. The permanent magnetic field acted as a correcting factor by affecting the MDA content.

Вільнорадикальні процеси в легенI птиці за дії гіпохлориту натрію

The effect of sodium hypochlorite that is substance used for the detoxication of organism, and also for plumbing water treatment on content of TBA-active products (secondary lipid peroxidation products) and activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system (АОS) namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutationperoxydase (GP) in the lung of bird was investigated. It was established that sodium hypochlorite (SН) in concentration 5 µg/l decreased the content of TBA-active products during 14 days in of lung tissues, while SH in concentration 10 µg/l caused the lowering of their content only on 7 th day of experiment. After a rehabilitation period, the intensity of processes of lipid peroxidation (LP) increased. It was shown that SH decreased activity of SOD below control values. CAT activity, that destroys H 2 O 2 , increased during all experiment under the action of SH in concentration 5 µg/l. Action of SH in 10 µg/l predetermined a decrease of activity CAT on 7 th day of experiment and increase – on 20 day of rehabilitation period. On a background of decline of content of secondary lipid peroxidation products the activity of GP increased only on 7 th day of action of SH in 5 µg/l concentration in bird’s lung. SH in higher concentration caused a increase in activity of GP both on 14 and on 20 day of experiment.