Content Of Lipid Peroxidation Products Research Articles

Correction by "Quertin" of the oxidative-antioxidant system of rats at xenobiotics exposure

The objective of this study is to determine the possibility of correcting pathological disorders of the oxidative-antioxidant system in the rat organism under the influence of xenobiotics using the flavonoid quercetin, which has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and immunomodulating effect. Baseline studies have established that when exposed to xenobiotics at a dose of 1/10 and 1/100 DL50, the content of lipid peroxidation products in the serum of rats increases, including 8-isoprostane, TBA-active products (TBA-AP) and diene conjugates (DK). As a result, the state of the antioxidant system also undergoes changes, evidenced by a decrease in catalase activity under the action of xenobiotics in doses of 1/10 and 1/100 DL50, as well as fluctuations in superoxide dismutase content, namely: a decrease under the influence of xenobiotics in a dose of 1/10 DL50 and increase with the action of substances in a dose of 1/100 DL50. After correction with the flavonoid quercetin, a decrease in the content of both primary and secondary POL products in the rat organism, as well as indicators of the state of the oxidative-antioxidant system was established. At the same time, an important for clinical practice relationship was established between the degree of correction of pathological changes in the state of the oxidative-antioxidant system and the dose of toxic effects of xenobiotics. After intragastric administration of “Quertin” in a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight to rats exposed to polyethylene glycol 400 at a dose of 1/10 DL50, a decrease in serum levels of 8-isoprostan was determined by 14.5%, TBA-AP – by 17.3%, DK – by 15.5%. After exposure to polyethylene glycol 400 at a dose of 1/100 DL50, the content of 8-isoprostane decreased by 12.4%, TBА-AP by 16.8%, and DK by 11.8%. After exposure to polypropylene glycol in doses of 1/10 and 1/100 DL50, the content of 8-isoprostane decreased by 17.7% and 12.5%, TBA-AP – 11.7% and 9.8%, DK – 16.3% and 12.7% respectively. After exposure to ethylene glycol in doses of 1/10 and 1/100 DL50, the content of 8-isoprostane decreased by 22.1% and 14.9%, TBA-AP – 17.3% and 15.2%, DK – 17.6% and 12.2% respectively. Catalase activity increased after the correction by “Quertin” at exposure to polyethylene glycol 400 at doses 1/10 and 1/100 DL50, respectively, by 25.8% and 20.6%; polypropylene glycol – by 26.5% and 23.4%; ethylene glycol – by 19.4% and 15.6%. Superoxide dismutase activity in the blood of rats after the correction of “Quertin” increased at xenobiotic toxification at a dose of 1/10 DL50 (polyethylene glycol 400 – by 29.3%, polypropylene glycol – by 33.5%; ethylene glycol – by 23.2%) and decreased at toxification with xenobiotics at a dose of 1/100 DL50 (polyethylene glycol 400 – by 21.6%, polypropylene glycol – by 26.7%; ethylene glycol – by 18.6%).

Evaluation of lipid peroxidation processes in patients with chronic parenteral viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection depending on degree of inflammatory process activity in the liver.

To evaluate of parameters of lipid peroxidation - antioxidant defense changes in women of fertile age with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) and with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, depending on the degree of inflammatory process activity in the liver. 99 women of reproductive age were examined, of them 44 patients with chronic parenteral viral hepatitis, 27 patients with HIV co-infection (HIV + hepatitis B and/or C) and 28 practically healthy women (control group). Patients with CVH in combination with HIV-infection with the presence of minimal and low degree of inflammatory activity in comparison with patients with CVH-monoinfection had a higher content of lipid peroxidation products (an increase in the content of diene conjugates and ketodienes and conjugated trienes), reduced values of total antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase activity, as well as the concentration of fat-soluble vitamins α-tocopherol and retinol. In the group with CVH and HIV with moderate and high degree of activity, similar, but even more pronounced changes in the system of lipid peroxidation were observed. The presence of co-infection - CVH in combination with HIV infection with minimal and low, as well as moderate and high inflammatory activity, is characterized by more intensive lipid peroxidation processes and a pronounced lack of antioxidant factors than with CVH-monoinfection.

Bioactive properties: enhancement of hepatoprotective, antioxidant and DNA damage protective effects of golden grey mullet protein hydrolysates against paracetamol toxicity.

This study was undertaken to examine the hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and DNA damage protective effects of protein hydrolysates from Liza aurata, against paracetamol overdose induced liver injury in Wistar rats. L. aurata protein hydrolysates (LAPHs) were mainly constituted by glutamic acid (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) and lysine (Lys). In addition, they contained high amounts of proline (Pro), leucine (Leu) and glycine (Gly). The molecular weight distribution of the hydrolysates was determined by size exclusion chromatography, which analyzed a representative hydrolysate type with a weight range of 3–20 kDa. The hepatoprotective effect of LAPHs against paracetamol liver toxicity was investigated by in vivo assay. Rats received LAPHs daily by gavage, for 45 days. Paracetamol was administrated to rats during the last five days of treatment by intraperitoneal injection. Paracetamol overdose induced marked liver damage in rats was noted by a significant increase in the activities of serum aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT), and oxidative stress which was evident from decreased activity of the enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), and level of glutathione (GSH), and increased concentration of lipid peroxidation products (MDA). Furthermore, paracetamol increased the DNA damage with liver histopathological changes. LAPH pretreatment significantly attenuated paracetamol-induced hepatotoxic effects, including oxidative damage, histopathological lesions, and apoptotic changes in the liver tissue. Interestingly, LAPHs restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the level of GSH, ameliorated histological and molecular aspects of liver cells. The present data suggest that paracetamol high-dose plays a crucial role in the oxidative damage and genotoxicity of the liver and therefore, some antioxidants such us LAPHs might be safe as hepatoprotectors. Altogether, our studies provide consistent evidence of the beneficial effect of LAPHs on animals treated with a toxic dose of paracetamol and might encourage clinical trials.

Клинико-лабораторная эффективность стандартов оказания медицинской помощи при внутреннем эндометриозе

Patients with internal endometriosis (adenomyosis) at the time of being hospitalized were revealed an increase in concentration of lipid peroxidation products and reduction in antioxidatic protection factors at the systemic and local levels. The blood serum revealed an increase in α 2 -macroglobuline, stable nitrogen oxide metabolites, and C-reactive protein and decrease in α 1 -antitripsine level. The essential reduction of glycero- and sphingophospholipids, cholesterol ethers, mono- and diglycerols and increase in the level of lysophosphatidylcholine, free cholesterol, triacylglycerol, free fatty acids were determined in membrane of erythrocytes. Inefficiency of complex standard treatment in correction of the metabolic status disturbances was established.

Research of the cadmium intoxication effect on the model of vitamin-mineral deficiency in rats

The article presents the results of the study aimed at confirmation of the effectiveness of the rats' adaptive potential reduction under conditions of cadmium salt toxic effects. The 65-days experiment was conducted in male and female Wistar rats. Animals were divided into 6 groups of 3 control and 3 experimental, 30 males and females in each. In total 360 rats were used in the experiment (180 females and 180 males). Rats of the 1st control group received a diet with optimal (75% of the standard semisyntethic diet content) dosage of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6 and mineral substances, Fe3+ and Mg2+, the rats of the 2nd and the 3rd control group - diets with marginal (30% for males and 28% for females) and submarginal (19% for males and 18% for females) doses of essential micronutrients. Animals of the 1-3th experimental groups received Cd2+ on the background of optimal, marginal and submarginal providing of essential micronutrients. The hematological, biochemical and morphological parameters and the antioxidant status of rats have been studied. The obtained results allowed to identify patterns of cadmium toxic effect strengthen on the background of essential nutrients reducing (in the row from optimal to submarginal). These changes showed erythrocyte and platelet blood profiles, and a set of indicators of the antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation of blood and liver. Thus, the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes - glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in rats of the 1st experimental group were on average by 23% higher than in animals of the 1st control group, the rats of the 2nd and the 3rd experimental groups by 62 and 67% higher, respectively. The content of lipid peroxidation products in blood and liver of male and female rats showed a similar trend: an increase by 5% in the 1st experimental group by 9 and 25% in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups respectively. Thus, the modification of the diets' vitamin-mineral composition may be used as a model of adaptive potential reduction in rats in the toxicological research of objects with unknown toxicity, in particular novel food products.

Hepatospecific signs of disorders in the free radical oxidation-antioxidation defense system in rats with diabetes mellitus aggravated by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion

Cerebral hypoxia results in considerable pathological-histological changes in the internal organs with disorders of their functional state. In case of diabetes mellitus metabolic disorders cause liver damage as well, therefore diabetes aggravated by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion should logically make morphofunctional changes in this organ worse.Objective of the study: to examine the signs of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the liver of rats with diabetes mellitus aggravated by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.Material and methods. The content of the products of lipid peroxide oxidation, oxidative protein modification, metabolites of nitrogen oxide and activity of antioxidant enzymes were investigated in the liver homogenates of rats. Diabetes mellitus was simulated by means of a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (Sigma, USA, 60 mg/kg). The results were assessed after 20-minute carotid ischemia with one hour reperfusion and on the 12th day of post-ischemic period. Results. According to the changes in the content of lipid peroxidation products and activity of antioxidant enzymes 20-minute carotid ischemia with one hour reperfusion results in the depression in the lipoperoxidation-antioxidation defense system. On the 12th day of the experiment the content of diene conjugates in this organ increases against the background of an increased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase which, in general, is indicative of a compensatory character of the reaction of the lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defense system. The indices of oxidation protein modification and nitrogen oxide metabolism during the early post-ischemic period remain without changes in the liver of animals from this group, and they increase on the 12th day of the experiment, which is indicative of the availability of oxidative and nitrosative stress during this period. In the liver of animals with diabetes mellitus the reaction of all the mentioned indices is absent both during early and late post-ischemic periods. Conclusion. The lack of the signs of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidative modification, nitrogen oxide metabolism and activity of antioxidant defense in the liver of animals with diabetes mellitus both during early and late post-ischemic periods is indicative of areactivity of these biochemical indices concerning cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Food Stabilizing Antioxidants Increase Nutrient Bioavailability in the in Vitro Model

ABSTRACTObjective: We investigated whether antioxidants may enhance bioavailability of lipids and carbohydrates and therefore increase the risk of obesity development.Methods: We tested how supplementation with antioxidants (0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT], α-tocopherol, and green tea catechins) of a diet containing butter and wheat bread affects bioavailability of fats and carbohydrates. The absorption of the in vitro digested diet was estimated in the intestinal epithelia model of the Caco-2 cells cultured in Transwell chambers.Results: In the case of the antioxidant-supplemented diets, we observed increased bioavailability of glucose, cholesterol, and lipids, as well as elevated secretion of the main chylomicron protein apoB-48 to the basal compartment. Importantly, we did not detect any rise in the concentrations of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde, MDA) in the control samples prepared without antioxidants.Conclusions: Addition of antioxidants (in particular BHT) to the diet increases bioavailability of lipids and carbohydrates, which consequently may increase the risk of obesity development. The dose of antioxidants is a factor of fundamental importance, particularly for catechins: low doses increase absorption of lipids, whereas high doses exert the opposite effect.

THE EFFECT OF L- ARGININE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MICROALBUMINURIA IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Background. One of the severest complications of diabetes is diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Microalbuminuria (MAU) is one of the first signals of DKD and an important pathogenetic mechanism of disease progression. With diabetes dramatically antioxidant properties worsen.Objective. The aim was to investigate the effect of L-arginine on oxidative stress parameters and microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease patients.Methods. Total of 57 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease and 30 healthy subjects (control group) were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 congruent groups. The 1-st group of patients (n=33), in addition to standard therapy, received L-arginine 4.2 g intravenously for 5 days, after that they took it 1,0 g orally three times a day during meals for 1 month. The second group of patients (n=24) received a standard therapy.The concentration of lipid peroxidation products was measured by a spectrophotometric method. The determination of MAU was carried out in morning portion of urine immunological semiquantitative using test strips.Results. Significant improvement in indexes of lipid peroxidation was observed in both groups after therapy (p˂0.01), but in patients treated with L-arginine it was more expressed (p˂0,01). The standard therapy did not significantly affect the level of MAU (p˃0,05). The patients treated with L-Arginine, showed a significant reduction in MAU (p˂0.01).Conclusions. The usage of L-arginine facilitates the correction of lipid peroxidation processes and reduces the severity of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetic kidney disease that slowing its progression.

A complex influence of chromium and zinc citrates on antioxidant defense system in rats’ organism with an experimentally induced diabetes mellitus

Introduction. Since the diabetes mellitus is a genetically predetermined disease, preventive measures to postpone the onset of the disease or to avert its appearance are especially important for people from risk group. That is why it is so important to evaluate role of some microelements in diabetes prevention. In particular, it is known that zinc plays an important role in insulin synthesis, accumulation and release by β-cells in pancreas, while its synergist chromium activates insulin receptors on cell membranes.The aim of the study – to establish the effect of chromium and zinc citrates on the functioning of antioxidant system and on the content of lipid peroxidation products in rats’ blood and tissues under the condition of experimental streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.Methods of the research. Experiments were conducted on white laboratory rats which were divided into three groups: 1 – the control group, 2, 3 – research groups. Rats from the 1 and 2 groups received only basic ration, while chromium and zinc citrates solutions were added to the water of animals from the group 3 in 25 mcg Cr/kg and 50 mg Zn/kg of body weight dosage. An experimental diabetes mellitus (EDM) was induced in animals from 2 and 3 research groups on the 25th day of the experiment, after 24-hour fasting, by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin in 45 mg/kg bodyweight dosage. Materials for the research were rats’ blood and tissues that were received after decapitation. The content of lipid hydroperoxides in blood and tissues was determined by a method that requires protein sedimentation by a trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and further addition of ammonium thiocyanate to the solution. The MDA content was measured by means of a colored reaction of malondialdehyde with the thiobarbituric acid. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.1.15.1.) was determined by a method where nitrotetrazolium is reduced by superoxide radicals. Glutathione peroxidase activity (GP, EC 1.11.1.9.) was measured by the speed of reduced glutathione oxidation. The activity of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6.) was measured by hydrogen peroxide ability to form a stable colored complex with molybdenum salts. The activity of glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) was measured by a speed of glutathione reduction in the presence of NADPH. The content of reduced glutathione was gauged by the level of thionitrophenol anion formation as a result of SH-groups of glutathione and 5.5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) reaction.Results and Discussion. It was determined during the research that lipid hydroperoxides (LHP) and MDA contents in rats’ blood, skeletal muscles and pancreas were increased, while the activity of antioxidant defense system enzymes and reduced glutathione content were decreased under the condition of streptozotocin-induced DM. Under the condition of combined chromium and zinc citrates addition to the diet of rats from group 3 we observed the credible decrease of lipid hydroperoxides content, while the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes compared to those indexes from group 2.Conclusions. The received results indicate the normalization of lipids peroxidation processes and antioxidant defense under the influence of chromium and zinc citrates in animals with hyperglycemia. The further research of antioxidant properties of organic compounds of these microelements will let to develop medical remedies for diabetes prevention and treatment.

Передчасний розрив плодових оболонок: нові генетичні чинники та можливий патогенез їхньої реалізації

The results of the study of gene polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes are considered in the article. The objective: to find the pathogenetic factors of premature rupture of membranes and improve the algorithm of reference of patients with this complication in preterm pregnancy. Patients and methods. The study involved 68 pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes at term pregnancy and 37 women in the active phase of the first period of preterm birth with intact membranes. Gene polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase, and the activity of key indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme system were identified in all patients. Results. The dominance among pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes carriers homozygous form of one or more of this group of genes is demonstrated. The observed intensity of lipid peroxidation identified as a pathogenic factor in prenatal rupture of amniotic membranes. The dependence of the high content of lipid peroxidation products of phase II detoxification gene polymorphism is demonstrated by high values of the Spirman coefficient – from 0.71 to 0.74. Conclusion. The phase II detoxification genetic polymorphism is clearly associated with the accumulation of secondary products of oxidation, which may indicate metabolic disorders on the edge of the cell membrane, which actually is a factor in premature rupture of membranes. These features contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammation and generalization. Кey words: рreterm membrane rupture, glutation-S-transferase, lipid peroxidation.

OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ACUTE SEROUS AND PURULENT PYELONEPHRITIS

THE AIM: To study the state of the proand antioxidant system at the systemic and local level in acute serous and purulent pyelonephritis (ASP, APP). PATIENTS AND METHODS. Oxidative status was studied in 62 patients with ASP and APP, randomized by age, sex, the minimum number of co-morbidities in remission. RESULTS. It was found that the ASP, to a greater extent with the APP on the system (blood plasma, red blood cells) and local level (urine) increases the concentration of stable metabolites of nitric oxide, increases the content of lipid peroxidation products (alkyl hydroperoxides, malonic dialdehyde) and decreases the activity of the antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase levels, catalase, in plasma, urine and erythrocytes). After the comprehensive treatment of the studied indices at ASP are corrected or normalized, and at APP are subject to a minimum correction. CONCLUSION. The results reveal changes of oxidative status occurring in acute serous and purulent pyelonephritis, and also confirm the need for the comprehensive treatment of this disease using drugs with antioxidant and cytoprotective effects.

СТАН ПРООКСИДАНТНО-АНТИОКСИДАНТНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У ЛЕГЕНЯХ В ДИНАМІЦІ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО АЛЕРГІЧНОГО АЛЬВЕОЛІТУ

В роботі показано, що екпериментальний алергічний альвеоліт характеризується зростанням вмісту продуктів ліпопероксидації (діє нових кон’югатів і малонового діальдегіду) у всі періоди дослідження та активності ферментів супероксиддисмутази (СОД), каталази (КТ) і глутатіонпероксидази (ГПО) на 2 добу експерименту та суттєве зниження показників СОД, КТ та ГПО на 24 і 34 доби цього модельного процесу захворювання.

AGE RELATED OXIDATIVE PROCESSES AND ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION DYNAMICS OF RATS ARTER TOBACCO SMOKE AFFECTION

Background. In an experiment on rats in the content of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products in blood and liver of rats of different age groups after 45-day affection with tobacco smoke was studied.Objective. The study was aimed to investigate the rate of reactive oxygen species formation, especially the processes of lipid peroxidation and degree of endogenous intoxication in rats of different age groups in terms of 45 day affection with tobacco smoke.Methods. The content of ROS was determined in blood neutrophils method gradient centrifugation, the activity of free radical processes in rats evaluated the content of TBA - active products (TBA - AP), the degree of endogenous intoxication - the content average molecular weight (AMW) of the two factions – MW1 (dominated by chain amino acids) and MW2 (dominated by aromatic amino acids). Blood, blood serum and liver of the experimental rats were used for the investigation. It was prepared 10% homogenate in saline from liver tissue.Results. We have noticed that the destruction of rats by tobacco smoke for 45 days caused the increase of ROS in blood content, which is the result of toxic effect on the body. The immature rats were the most sensitive to the affection, which ROS contents in neutrophils increased in 2.75 times till the end of the experiment, in the mature animals it was in 1.65 times higher than in the intacts, in the senile it was higher in 2.43 times than normal rate. It was found that the level of oxygen metabolites and TBA-active products increased during the experiment (on the 15th, 30th and 45th day of toxicity).Conclusions. The most pronounced changes were inherent for the immature rats. Accumulation of active toxic metabolites was conducted with endogenous intoxication intensifying that was proved by the high content of catabolism products in the body – middle mass molecules that are likely to grow in serum of rats of all age groups.

ИНДИВИДУАЛИЗАЦИЯ В СИСТЕМЕ ПОДГОТОВКИ ТЯЖЕЛОАТЛЕТОВ ВЫСОКОЙ КВАЛИФИКАЦИИ НА ОСНОВЕ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ КРИТЕРИЕВ ОЦЕНКИ СОСТОЯНИЯ ОРГАНИЗМА

Aim. To test method of assessment of the functional status in skilled athletes for individualization and optimization of the training process. Materials and Methods. Three-year study involved 25 weightlifters (n = 25). All the participants were young men, aged 17–23, qualified as Masters of Sport and Candidates for Master of Sport. Results. Individualization of precompetitive conditioning in the experimental group revealed low content of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in saliva. In the end of the experiment it was established that levels of heptanesoluble LPO in the experimental group was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) as compared to the control group. The significantly lower level of final LPO products was also observed in the experimental group of weightlifters (p ? 0.001). Conclusion. The basis of pre-competitive conditioning individualization in weightlifting is a personal scheduling of exercise in order to form the optimum level of special fitness and its transformation to readiness for maximum performance. The solution of this problem implies the assessment of the functional status at the pre-competitive stage.

Antioxidant status and expression of inflammatory genes in gut and liver of piglets fed different dietary methionine concentrations.

This study investigated the hypothesis that dietary concentrations of methionine (Met), as a precursor of cysteine which is a constituent of glutathione (GSH), affect tissue antioxidant concentrations and the antioxidant defence system in pigs. Forty-five piglets (DanZucht×Pietrain) were allotted to three groups of similar mean body weight (11.0±0.9kg). The basal diet was composed of barley, wheat, corn starch, soybean oil, sucrose, cellulose and a mineral supplement with suboptimal concentrations of Met and was supplemented with dl-Met to reach 0.16%, 0.20% and 0.24% of dietary Met and 0.40%, 0.44% and 0.48% of dietary Met and cysteine in groups 0.16, 0.20 and 0.24 respectively. After 3weeks, at slaughter, samples of liver, jejunum mucosa and plasma were collected. Feed intake and weight gains increased and feed:gain ratio decreased when dietary Met concentrations increased. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), concentrations of GSH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS) and the activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver and jejunum mucosa were similar in all groups (p>0.05). Relative mRNA concentrations of selected target genes of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of the antioxidant response, and of the nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NF-κB), the master regulator of inflammation, were largely unaffected both in jejunum and liver. In conclusion, inflammation- and oxidative stress-related pathways on the molecular level, and concentrations of lipid peroxidation products, of antioxidants and of enzymes involved in the antioxidant defence system were mostly unaffected by dietary Met concentration in gut and liver. These findings suggest that suboptimal dietary Met concentrations did not influence the antioxidant defence system of gut and liver in healthy piglets.

Age-related changes in the number of microglial cells, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative protein-modification products in the human cerebrum at early stages of ontogenesis

The age-related dynamics of the number of microglial cells and the concentration of products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidative modification of protein (OMP) in areas 6 and 17 of the cerebral cortex and the head of the caudate nucleus were studied. The results of the study showed a continuous increase in the density of microglia in the human forebrain structures at the stage of postnatal ontogenesis. The agerelated increase in the density of microglial cells in the neocortex was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the concentrations of lipid peroxidation products and an increase in the level of OMP products. In the caudate nucleus, the age-related increase in the amount of microglia was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of products of lipid peroxidation and OMP.

Endogenous Intoxication and Saliva Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Lung Cancer.

This research was aimed at a search for regularities in changes to parameters of endogenous intoxication and saliva lipid peroxidation in patients with lung cancer, non-malignant lung diseases, and apparently healthy people. All patients went through saliva sampling at an amount of 1 mL. A concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured according to a reaction with thiobarbituric acid, and a level of middle molecules (MM) was measured with UV spectroscopy at 254 and 280 nm, while the content of lipid peroxidation products was measured according to a degree of heptane extract light absorption at wavelengths of 220, 232, 278, and 400 nm. It has been revealed that in the context of lung cancer, the level of diene conjugates decreases, increasing the level of triene conjugates, Schiff’s bases, and MM. As a tumor grows, there is a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation primary products and an increase in endotoxemia phenomena. The process is more apparent when going from local to locally advanced disease states. The nature of the MDA change is nonlinearly associated with tumor progression. The findings might be used to optimize traditional aids of diagnostics, in disease state forecasting, in treatment monitoring, etc.

Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant protection system in humans exposed to hypergravity of varying intensity

The effects of +Gz acceleration (head–pelvis) of 3, 5, and 7g (rate of increase, 0.03 g/s) on the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the state of the antioxidant protection system were assessed in 14 subjects 25–45 years of age. The content of lipid peroxidation products (diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, and Schiff bases) in the blood of the subjects was quantitated, and the status of the water-soluble (catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and total antioxidant activity) and lipid (tocopherol concentration) components of the antioxidant protection system was assessed. Exposure to hypergravity of 3g was accompanied by a slight activation of LPO, and further increase in the load to 5g resulted in inhibition of LPO, whereas no statistically significant changes in any of the parameters investigated were recorded at a load of 7g. Induction of the passive mechanisms of biomembrane protection associated with changes in the phase status of the membrane appears to be the most plausible explanation for the phenomenon observed. Further research on the mechanisms of compensation and control of the intensity of free radical-mediated processes upon the impact of hypergravity seems necessary.

Влияние ремаксола на показатели качества жизни, депрессивной симптоматики и перекисного окисления липидов в сыворотке крови в течение 2 мес от начала стандартного лечения инфильтративного туберкулеза легких

Проведено проспективное, плацебо-контролируемое, простое «слепое», рандомизированное исследование влияния ремаксола на динамику показателей качества жизни (по опроснику SF-36) в сопоставлении с изменениями депрессивной симптоматики (по шкале BDI) и уровня циркулирующих продуктов перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) у больных инфильтративным туберкулезом легких (ИТЛ) в течение первых 2 мес курса стандартной противотуберкулезной терапии. Установлено, что через 10 дней от начала стандартного лечения ИТЛ у пациентов наблюдается снижение содержания продуктов ПОЛ в крови (на 6,2 %; p = 0,01) и последующее уменьшение показателей BDI (на 63 %; p &lt; 0,0001; через 60 дней от начала лечения) с параллельным нарастанием интегративных показателей «физического» и «психологического компонентов здоровья» по опроснику SF-36 (соответственно на 10 и 12,5 %; p &lt; 0,05 в обоих случаях). Несмотря на позитивную динамику BDI и интегративных показателей SF-36, у больных ИТЛ отмечается ухудшение оценок по шкале «BP — интенсивность боли» на 5,1 % (p &lt; 0,05). Применение ремаксола в течение 10 дней (400 мл/сут) в начале комплексной терапии ИТЛ вызывает улучшение показателей шкалы «BP — интенсивность боли» на 8,2 % (p &lt; 0,05) с одновременным приростом значений шкалы «SF — социальное функционирование» (на 10,7 %; p &lt; 0,05) и нарастание уровня продуктов ПОЛ в крови на 3,9 % (p &lt; 0,05).

THE ROLE OF LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION FOR DEVELOPMENT PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND ADRENALINE MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE

The paper examined the role of lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant protection in the miocardium of guinea pigs in experimental asthma (EA) in combination with adrenaline myocardial damage (AMD). Analyses were performed on the 1st, 4th, 18th and 25th day. The results showed that at all stages of the development of EA with AMD increased content of lipid peroxidation products (diene conjugates and malondialdehyde), while at the same time on the 1st and 4th day increases the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase in the miocardium, followed by reduction in their on the 18th and 25th day.