Constituent Entities Research Articles

Результаты целевого трудоустройства медицинских работников в городах и сельской местности.

Targeted training of future medical workers and their guaranteed employment is one of the state measures to address the issue of the shortage of specialists. The key mission of targeted training is the balanced regulation by the organization of training and employment. Currently, there are not enough scientific studies on the results and effectiveness of this measure in the health care system, but many researchers emphasize the problems of targeted employment of medical workers. According to the studies of a number of authors, the imperfection of normative legal regulation of issues of targeted training allows graduates not to fulfill the obligations of employment in medical organizations upon graduation [3–9]. The purpose of the study. Conduct an analysis of indicators reflecting the specifics of targeted employment of health workers in organizations located in urban and rural areas in 2022 and 2023. Materials and methods. The study used statistical data for 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the basis of an operative documented request to the health protection authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, containing information on the number of employed doctors and nursing staff within the framework of targeted training, as well as the planned values of targeted employment in accordance with the concluded contracts. The study period is 2022 and 2023. The total data on targeted employment of medical workers after completion of the specialty program and completion of residency in the context of the names of positions of doctors and nursing staff were analyzed. Analytical and descriptive statistics methods were used in the research process. Results. The share of doctors and nursing staff employed after completion of targeted training from the total number of medical workers in organizations located in rural areas is higher than the share of those recruited to work in urban medical organizations. On average, 1.3% of doctors and 0.21% of nursing staff are annually recruited to urban medical organizations as part of targeted employment out of the total number of the respective key medical personnel as of the end of the reporting year. In rural areas, these figures are 2.6% and 0.30%, respectively. Specialists are predominantly employed in urban medical organizations, while in rural areas – district doctors. The study revealed that in 2023 there were 128.1 target recruitments per 10,000 doctors in urban areas in a given year, and in 2022–124.8, i. e. the intensity of employment by target recruitment in urban areas increased by 2.6% in two years. In rural areas, there were 260.2 target recruitment admissions per 10,000 physicians in 2023 and 262.8 in 2022, that is, the intensity of target recruitment employment of physicians in rural areas decreased by 1% in two years. When analyzing the indicator comparatively, it is noted that in rural areas it is almost twice as high as in urban areas. Conclusions. Targeted employment of medical workers is an effective and efficient measure to attract medical personnel to organizations experiencing a shortage of them. The analysis has shown that the intensity rate of targeted employment per 10,000 physicians in urban areas of the country is lower than in rural areas, which amounted to 128.1 and 260.2, respectively. According to the results of the last two years, 60% of the doctors planned for targeted employment fulfilled their obligations, including 50% in rural areas. The main reason for the current level of employment is the failure to meet the planned indicators of targeted admission to training due to the violation of obligations by students and graduates, which requires the development of a special methodology for assessing the reasonable formation of the plan for targeted recruitment to educational organizations in the context of each medical organization. When comparing the number of vacant positions of doctors and the number of employed graduates within the framework of targeted recruitment, a significant range of the indicator among the subjects of the Russian Federation was revealed, which is presented in the interval from 1 to 29% (9.0±15.95). In this regard, it can be assumed that the number of persons employed under targeted recruitment does not depend on the additional demand for doctors and does not cover the existing deficit.

Трансформация традиционных ценностей в конституциях и уставах субъектов Российской Федерации

The article identifies the specificity of traditional values contributing to the effectiveness of legal regulation of constitutions and charters of subjects of the Russian Federation. Analyzing these acts, the author not only denotes traditional values, but also notes their significance. That comprehensive analysis had led to the conclusion that the instruments studied did not sufficiently reflect traditional values, which were an integral part of modern society. The paper notes the need to develop an optimal model of the constitution (statute) of the subject of the Russian Federation, including legal norms governing traditional values. The creation of such a model makes it possible to identify traditional values in the constitutions and charters of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and in State legal practice to increase the effectiveness of legal regulation.

Конкурентоустойчивость экономики региона как квазикорпорации с позиции системного подхода

The presented article describes the essence and economic content of a quasi-corporate approach to the management of modern regions, which are independent subjects of economic relations with key stakeholders of their development. As part of the study, the author's approach to the formation of competitive sustainability of the regional economy is presented based on systemic management of the competitiveness and investment attractiveness of the territorial product. The result of the study was a strategic matrix of measures to achieve the competitive sustainability of the region, which can be implemented in the road maps of executive authorities to clarify plans for long-term socio-economic development in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and also a conceptual model for managing the competitive sustainability of the region has been developed from the perspective of a systems approach, which complements current economic research in this field.

Социально-экономическая устойчивость муниципалитетов: методика и опыт исследования

Introduction. The issue of socio-economic sustainability of territories has been studied in depth in the scientific literature. This concerns both the concept of socio-economic sustainability itself and its application to the analysis of regional and municipal development. Various aspects of socio-economic sustainability are also addressed in a significant number of territorial ratings currently available on the information market and published by both government agencies and non-governmental structures – analytical centers, rating agencies (RA), and mass media. Most of these information and analytical products relate to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. A striking example is the rating of regions for the implementation of the federal project “Formation of a Comfortable Urban Environment” from the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation. This series also includes the rating of the quality of life in the regions from the Agency for Strategic Initiatives (ASI), the rating of the socio-economic sustainability of regions from the Civil Society Development Fund, the rating of the socio-economic development of regions from RIA Novosti, the rating of the investment attractiveness of regions from RA Expert, and a number of others. A significantly smaller number of such products relate to the municipal level. And this is a big problem of practical and scientific nature, which, in the author's opinion, can be overcome by the developed assessment of the socio-economic sustainability of Russian municipalities.Materials and methods. The presented study used indicators of socio-economic and electoral statistics of municipalities relating to 2022-2023. The main source is Rosstat data. In addition, information contained on the official websites or in the official publications of regional and municipal authorities was used. The work used universal methods of scientific knowledge: analysis, synthesis, generalization.Results. The result of the study was regional ratings of the socio-economic sustainability of municipalities in five subjects of the Russian Federation within the Ural Federal District: Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions, Khanty-Mansiysk – Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs.

Клиентоцентричный и процессный подходы в деятельности органов публичной власти

This paper aims to advance the theory and practice of employing complementary customer-centric and process approaches in public administration. The research methodology is grounded in system approach, customer-centric and process approaches, and lean production technologies. A review of implementing practices of the process approach through the adoption of lean management in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation under the “Effective Region” project in partnership with the state corporation Rosatom is conducted. Analysis of the promotion of the customer-centric approach in public authorities is undertaken within the framework of the federal project “State for the People”. The connection between customer-centricity and process approach is elucidated. It is proposed to supplement federal-level regulatory documents pertaining to the customer-centric approach under the federal project “State for the People” and customer-centricity standards with sections describing the modeling and optimization of business processes using modern graphic notations such as IDEF0, VAD, DFD, EPC, CFFC, BPMN, and requirements for training new competencies of state and municipal employees in this field.

Метод потоков в диагностике угроз национальной экономической безопасности России

The work identifies the problem of discrepancy between the rapidly growing importance of national economic security (NES) of Russia and the degree of its scientific elaboration according to such criteria as clarity in defining the subject of NES, methodology for studying NES, mechanisms for connecting scientific research with education and practice of NES. The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of teacher and scientist staff. The research is carried out using a new method developed by the author – the Flow Method. The novelty of the Flow Method begins with a change in the idea of the object of study. In traditional approaches, an object is fixed, and is studied from different sides in different periods of time; the Flow Method focuses the researcher’s attention on the movement of resource flows in the economic environment. In such a movement of resources, the following are distinguished: inflows, outflows, accumulations. Normally, the movement of resources is balanced. It is appropriate to consider sanctions as the most important component of a hybrid war, aimed at unbalancing the resources of the national economy by blocking flows. The study showed that the representation of the movement of resources by the Flow Method differs from traditional representations in statistics and accounting. Approbation of the Method in diagnosing the state of personnel in scientific and educational institutions showed strategic threats to the national security of the Russian Federation. Since 2015, the number of scientists and teachers with an academic degree has been continuously decreasing. The flow method allows us to dispel the myth that if scientists leave region A, they will simply work in another region. This study refutes such a hypothesis. Scientists, in particular, can change their specialty, leave the country, etc. The noted situation is similar for all 16 cities with a population of over a million in Russia, including Moscow and St. Petersburg and 18 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The influx of young scientists is decreasing while the workforce continues to age. If we ignore the results obtained, then in 5–10 years, for example, the Omsk region will begin to lose the ability to train specialists with higher education, not to mention candidates and doctors of science. A similar situation awaits other regions.

Оценка территориальной дифференциации показателей уровня жизни в Российской Федерации

The results of statistical analysis and assessment of the standard of living of the population in the Russian Federation are presented in the context of territorial features, taking into account the influence of various factors using a complex of statistical methods. The main groups of living standard indicators presented in the data of the Federal State Statistics Service are considered. Due to the presence of territorial differentiation in the standard of living in the Russian Federation, clustering of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was carried out based on such characteristics of the standard of living as average per capita cash income, average consumer spending per capita, healthy life expectancy and unemployment rate in the regions. Assessments of the situation within each cluster are given in connection with their territorial location. To identify existing patterns in living standard indicators at a regional level, correlation and regression analysis was used. Regression models of budget indicators of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the main characteristics of the standard of living are considered. Statistically significant patterns have been identified between indicators of the budgets, the labor and housing spheres, as well as the well-being of the population. The correlation between various living standard indicators has been determined. A comparative assessment over time is given. The results obtained can be used to monitor living standard indicators in the regions, as well as in developing socio-economic policy measures.

Duration of stay and the integration of migrants: (un)obvious relationships

The article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the duration of stay and the type of migration strategies with various aspects of the integration of migrants from post-Soviet states in Russian society. It is analyzed how at different time intervals (up to 5 years, after 5–10 years, after 10 years from the beginning of migration) improvements occur in status, quality of life, transnational connections (in relation to integration, a decrease in their “density”), language skills, interethnic contacts, the formation of Russian identity among long-term and circular external migrants. A research model is used that includes “relevant conditions” for each integration indicator. The empirical basis of the study was based on data from a nationwide survey of labor migrants conducted by the Center for Ethnopolitical and Regional Studies in 19 constituent entities of the Russian Federation (2017, sample of 7417 respondents). The results of the study show that changes in the status and frequency of interethnic contacts are not associated with duration of stay for either long-term or circular migrants, even when integration conditions are added to the analysis. The “density” of transnational connections changes significantly over time (the peak occurs between 5–10 years after the start of migration, and after 10 years it decreases), however, the interpretation of this connection requires further investigation. “Time” is positively related to such indicators of integration as language skills, quality of life, and identity formation. These connections do not disappear when “relevant conditions” of integration are added to the analysis, however, it is concluded that the duration of stay in itself is not a factor in progress in integration, but acts “together” with the context of migration, the motivation of the actors, their individual capabilities and available resources. resources that determine the trajectory and pace of the integration process.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Digitalization Projects in the Field of Citizen Appeals, Considering Regional Specifics

The article examines the essence, goals and types of citizens' appeals, the procedure for their consideration, as well as the regulatory and organizational support of working with citizens' appeals. The issue of appeals of individuals to the executive bodies of state power in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation was considered in more detail. The problems of implementing digitalization projects in the field of receiving citizens' appeals are considered, the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of digitalization projects in the field of receiving citizens' appeals is adapted, taking into account the specifics of the region, a comparative analysis of the implementation of digitalization projects is carried out on the example of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, comparing the results obtained for 2020-2022.

The budgetary method of state governance: rule-making and law enforcement in the light of the expansion of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

The budgetary method of state governance: rule-making and law enforcement in the light of the expansion of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Analysis of Budget Expenditures of the Arctic Regions of Russia on Environmental Protection

Analysis of the budget expenditures of the entities of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation on environmental protection has been presented. In this region, a special impact of the mining and fuel and energy industries on the environment has been noted, as well as significant accumulated damage and an increase in anthropogenic impact on it at a rate exceeding the growth of investment. The imbalance in the structure of the state environmental protection program in terms of its content has been displayed using the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It has been concluded that the contribution of the consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the RF in financing environmental protection measures has been increasing over the past few years, however, existing sources of financing are not enough to implement the transition to sustainable development.

Developing a method for diagnosing the level of the Kirov Region social and economic development within the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation

The authors have set the task to assess the socio-economic development level of the Kirov Region. The Volga Federal District has been chosen as the base of comparison. The key problems of the Russian constituent entities territorial development have been analyzed, and the authors’ methods of characterizing the regional social and economic development level published in early scientific works studied. The order of calculating normative values for selected indicators used to assess the Volga Federal District regions has been given. The diagnostic procedure has been carried out to characterize the Kirov Region social and economic development level in comparison with other district entities in the context of the economic development pace and the regional development overall level. Based on the analysis, the initial hypothesis of the study has been confirmed, and conclusions drawn about the general lag of the region from the federal district, while higher rates of its development in comparison with other regions of the Volga Federal District noted. The study results application scope consists in its further use within the framework of scientific works on asses–sing economic development of other district entities, as well as the used methodology application for other entities. The conclusion formulates further direction for improving the diagnostics of the Kirov Region social and economic development level and names specific steps to detail and clarify the future study results.

Mathematical modeling methods in assessing the prospects of export development in the Republic of Tatarstan of the Russian Federation

In the conditions of instability of the Russian economy, Russian regions have faced the problem of finding new directions of foreign economic development. Mathematical modeling methods, considering the distance between partner regions and their economies volumes, can be effective tools for solving the problem. The article touches upon the modeling foreign trade relations issues in the Republic of Tatarstan on the gravity models’ basis. The purpose of the study is to identify potential trade partners and assess the prospects for the export relations development in the Republic of Tatarstan. The structure, dynamics, and main directions of exports of the constituent entity have been analyzed. Potential trade partners of the Republic of Tatarstan among the Commonwealth of Independent States countries have been identified using the classical gravity model based on assessing the internal regional product and the distance among the regions. The prospects of foreign trade relations with Belarus and the Republic of Uzbekistan have been assessed. Based on J. Tinbergen’s gravity model models of interaction among the regions have been built and forecast values of export volumes for the short term calculated. It was revealed that the Republic of Azerbaijan can become a potential partner for the Republic of Tatarstan. The analysis of the forecast data on the domestic regional product of the Republic of Tatarstan and the gross domestic product of Azerbaijan in 2023 suggests that the exports volume between these entities is expectedly high.

Interbudgetary transfers role in regulating the budgetary provision of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

The article studies the issues of assessing the state of fiscal capacity of the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Inter-budgetary transfers are important for ensuring the financial stability of economies and creating conditions for the implementation of socio-economic development programs of subjects. Because of this, it becomes relevant to administer the distribution and definition of criteria for the distribution of inter-budgetary transfers. The revenues volume indicators of the entities and federal districts with and without interbudgetary transfers, as well as their values per capita have been studied. The comparative analysis of the budget revenues and interbudgetary transfers dynamics has been carried out. The structure of interbudgetary transfers distribution among the regions has been assessed. Statistical characteristics of the interbudgetary transfers share in the revenues of the budgets of the entities showing their heterogeneity has been obtained. The fiscal capacity per capita indicators in the regions and their dynamics have been analyzed. The influence of inter-budgetary transfers on increasing the level of budgetary security of the population in the subjects of the Russian Federation is shown. The correlation per capita of interbudget transfers and gross regional product has been carried out, indicating their variability in time and space, as well as the presence of significant differentiation of their values in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Measures to Counter Cruelty to Animals: Issues of an Inter-Sectoral Approach

Until recently, liability for cruelty to animals was provided for in Art. 245 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Administrative and legal measures for it were established in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The establishment of federal regulations governing the responsible treatment of animals has necessitated the establishment of these measures at the federal level. The problem was partly resolved in 2023 as a result of the addition of administrative legislation with rules establishing liability, including for the above acts. This article is devoted to the assessment of these norms, in connection with criminal law norms, with an emphasis on some problematic provisions that can cause difficulties at the level of law enforcement practice. They relate, in particular, to the subject of offenses, the content of the act, their subject, and the subjective side.

Formation of an organizational and functional model of assisted living for the disabled

The article discusses the issues of forming an organizational and functional model of assisted living for disabled people on the basis of a scientifically based approach. A comparative analysis of foreign and domestic practices was carried out. General patterns influencing the development of the assisted living system have been identified, its participants and their powers, material and technical base, human resources, and implementation mechanisms have been identified. The purpose of the study is to develop an organizational and functional model of the system of assisted living for disabled people. Research materials: The research material was data from the annual monitoring of the development of technologies for assisted living of disabled people in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, presented by 89 constituent entities as of March 1, 2024. The methodological basis for monitoring was the developed system of indicators reflecting various aspects of assisted living. Methods: system analysis, qualitative and quantitative content analysis, structural-functional and comparative analysis of regulatory legal documents, statistical analysis. Research results. According to information provided from 89 constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of March 1, 2024, work is underway in 84 regions (94.4%) to organize accompanied accommodation. The factors influencing the development of the assisted living system are analyzed. An organizational and functional model of the assisted living system for disabled people has been formed, which includes three levels of organization (federal, regional and individual). Conclusion. The concept of the model includes a comprehensive, systematic and personalized approach that allows the division of powers between federal and regional authorities, the coordination of work on the implementation of technologies and control over all its links, as well as an individual approach to the development of an individual program of assisted living in order to determine the required volume for a disabled person. help.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ НОВЫХ СУБЪЕКТОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ПУТЕМ ОКАЗАНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ОТРАСЛИ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

The article examines the possibility of ensuring the economic security of the Donetsk People's Republic, Lugansk People's Republic, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions by providing measures of state support for the railway transport industry, including those aimed at ensuring the break-even of the activities of the FSUE Railways of Novorossiya. FSUE Railways of Novorossiya is a natural monopoly entity that maintains the railway system in the territories of new constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the sole owner of public railway transport infrastructure and a carrier. The relevance of the topic is due to the ongoing process of integration of new entities into the economy of the Russian Federation. The article examines the activities of the railway transport industry, the FSUE Railways of Novorossiya and their impact on the economic activities of new constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The main threats to the economic security of the FSUE Railways of Novorossiya are identified, forecasts of performance results are formed and ways to solve the main problems are proposed, which involve respecting the economic interests of all interested parties.

ЭТАПЫ ПРЕДИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ФАЗЫ МЕГАПРОЕКТНОГО ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The article offers the author's description of the stages of the pre-investment phase of mega-project financing of the economy. The launch of this process was preceded by a thirty-year transformation of the socio-economic system of the Russian Federation. During these transformations, the previously functioning organizational and economic mechanism was deactivated. Its viability until the start of the special military operation was due to the ongoing policy of Reaganomics, closely related to the principles of the Washington Consensus. Determining a new vector of economic development, the Government of the Russian Federation selected 11 technological sovereignty projects for the first time in December 2023. Among them are port infrastructure projects, shipbuilding, energy, mechanical engineering, infrastructure projects, and instrument engineering. By designating banks as subjects of financing megaprojects, the state thereby promotes the development of economic relations using such a financial instrument as a state guarantee. To make a decision on their participation in large-scale investment projects, authorized government bodies organize the calculation of all performance indicators, incl. budgetary, financial, economic, social. If we are talking about projects that have passed the examination and are significant for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, its initiators determine the structure of financing. When participating in projects of commercial banks, according to established practice, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation may offer a state guarantee of the federal budget as security. In this case, issues of the effectiveness of a particular project fade into the background. Reason: if negative results are obtained from the implementation of the investment project, the commercial bank will write off from the treasury account all existing debt on loans issued to the megaproject operator. But in this case, the amount of debt on the loan will be lost from the federal budget. To prevent this from happening, it is important to maintain a balance of interests of all participants in the megaproject. The role of the state remains two-pronged. When identifying “positive” and “negative” aspects of state activity, the gradation assumes the presence of the following structure: a) the “negative” aspect was determined by the acceleration of economic growth and was the basis of structural transformation; b) the “positive” aspect was that set of socio-political circumstances that determine growth from the fundamentally possible potential to the real.

Образовательная миграция из арктических регионов России, не имеющих самостоятельных вузов

One of the main reasons for young people to change their place of residence is the desire to get higher education. In the Arctic zone, where there is a lack of or insufficient level of development of the network of higher education organizations, young people are forced to leave for other regions. The relevance of the study is also conditioned by the fact that educational migration is often irrevocable, which strengthens negative migration processes. The study of educational migration with the help of traditional statistical sources is possible at the regional level, but does not reveal the spatial characteristics of migra-tion processes at the level of municipalities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to approbate the methodology of studying migration from municipalities on the example of regions where there are no independent higher education institutions. The object of the study is the Arctic regions: Nenets, Chukotka, Yamalo-Nemets Autonomous okrugs. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the use of new data sources and the application of the method of big data analysis to study migration processes at the municipal level. The database for the study was formed on the basis of the results of uploading data from the digital footprint of users of the social network “VKontakte”. The study regions included 15,186 users, the vast majority of whom indicated receiving higher education in other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Based on the obtained data, the trajectories of educational migration at the municipal level were identified, the coefficients of concentration and uniformity of migration flow were calculated, and a typology of municipalities in the Arctic regions of Russia was carried out. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results obtained to adjust migration policy in the Arctic regions, including at the municipal level.

Дисциплинарная ответственность за неурегулирование конфликта интересов при осуществлении государственных (муниципальных) закупок

Prevention and suppression of “rent-seeking” behaviour of civil servant of a public authority of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the performance of his official duties, in particular, related to the implementation of public procurement activities, depends largely on the inevitability of proportionate disciplinary punishment for failure to resolve a conflict of interest. The article focuses on the uncertainty of the grounds for disciplinary liability for corruption offences, the lack of criteria of low significance in the service legislation, which negatively affects the uniformity of law enforcement practice.