Language Concepts Research Articles

Cultural Concepts in the Turkish Translation of „The Knight in the Panther’s Skin“

The present work is a critical analysis of Shota Rustaveli's poem "The Knight in the Panther’s Skin" translated into Turkish by Professor Bilal Dindar and Assistant Professor Zeinelabidin Makas. We will present comparison of the original and translated texts of "The Knight in the Panther’s Skin". "The Knight in the Panther’s Skin" is one of the remarkable monuments of medieval literature. "The Knight in the Panther’s Skin" is an epic work containing lyrical passages, the story of which takes place in Arabia and India. We often find cultural-specific concepts in the target language, the translator tries to adapt the lexical units in the original text to his own culture. These cultural concepts are: sun, moon, devil, wine drinking. We used the following methods during the research: Corpus Linguistic research method, which is relevant in modern humanitarian studies. The use of this method allows to quickly and efficiently process a large amount of empirical material, which simplifies the research process. We have also used method of linguoculturological analysis. Modern linguoculturology studies are of a comparative-contrastive nature, because the national specificity and universality of the concepts are particularly clearly revealed when comparing the materials of two or more languages. According to the linguocultural analysis, we will study the cultural concepts in two different cultural texts, which will help in the detailed description of the cultural concepts expressed in the linguistic process.

Beyond English centrality: integrating expansive conceptions of language for literacy programming into IEPs

This article addresses the English centrality in reading policy, assessment, and instructional practices in the U.S. and its implications for the educational programing for emerging bilingual students (EBs) with disabilities. A recent review of the state of practice as it relates to EBs with disabilities reveals concerns that have endured for nearly six decades: biased assessment, disproportionality issues in special education, and teachers’ lack of understanding of language acquisition and students’ potential. These concerns demonstrate a need for the field to prioritize multilingual lenses for both the identification of and programming for EBs with disabilities. We propose attention to conceptions of language that expand beyond the structuralist standpoint that prevails in the current science of reading reform. We offer guiding principles for IEP development grounded in sociocultural perspectives when designing bilingual instructional practices, which can be applied to the educational programming for EBs with disabilities. Within a sociocultural view of bilingualism and biliteracy, language, and literacy are understood by multiplicities in use, practice, form, and function, in which all communicators draw from expansive meaning-making repertoires, whether in listening, speaking, reading, writing, viewing, and multimodally representing. By expanding conceptions of a student’s linguistic repertoire, we honor their use of language as one, holistic system in which their named languages plus a multitude of linguistic practices intersect and interact.

Developing Podcast-Based Learning Media for English Education Among Deaf Students

This study addresses the educational challenges faced by deaf students in Indonesia, focusing on developing and implementing a specialised Android-based application, "PODclusive," to facilitate English language learning. The research aimed to create an interactive learning tool that incorporates sign language and textual translations in both English and Indonesian, tailored to the needs of deaf learners. The methodology was a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. The research and development (R&D) framework guided the application's design, development, and evaluation. Participants included a purposive sample of 30 deaf students from SLB N Pringsewu, ensuring a representation across different learning outcomes. The findings revealed that the PODclusive application significantly enhanced the learning experience for deaf students. Students demonstrated improved comprehension of English language concepts, facilitated by the application’s use of sign language video content and offline accessibility. The application was evaluated through expert reviews and user testing, receiving high validity scores for content, design, and educational impact. The implications of this study underscore the effectiveness of tailored educational technologies in addressing specific learning needs. The PODclusive application exemplifies how digital tools can enhance accessibility and engagement for deaf students, suggesting that further exploring similar technologies could be beneficial. This research contributes to the broader discourse on inclusive education, advocating for more innovative approaches to support diverse learning environments.

A novel metaheuristic based on object-oriented programming concepts for engineering optimization

This paper presents a novel, robust, efficient, and simple optimization algorithm called the Object-Oriented Programming Optimization Algorithm (OOPOA) for tackling constrained and unconstrained optimization problems. The algorithm is inspired by the inheritance concept of Object-Oriented programming languages, where the features of a class are classified into three types according to inheritance probability: public, private, and protected. The object-oriented programming inheritance concept is implemented in the algorithm to update the population for the next generations. The proposed algorithm ensures exploitation by selecting the solution with the highest fitness to be inherited in each iteration. It ensures exploration by applying a mutation process that helps explore wide regions in the search space. The performance of this technique is demonstrated by solving 34 different optimization tasks, including 20 standard benchmark problems, ten IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation benchmark test functions, and four constrained real-world engineering design problems.

« Captiver la spécificité du langage du spectacle. » Tomasz Kaczmarek et Anna Jarosz : il linguaggio dello spettacolo. Lessico italiano-polacco del teatro, del cinema, dello radio et della televisione

The article discusses the main premises of Tomasz Kaczmarek’s and Anna Jarosz’s lexicon: Il linguaggio dello spettacolo. Lessico italiano-polaccodel teatro, del cinema, dello radio et della televisione. The aim of the publication is to present the specificity of the language of artistic performances, like theatre, cinema, radio, television. The authors rely on the concept of language of the artistic performance as a field at the crossroads of several codes (verbal, visual, sound, gestural) interacting on stage. This interdisciplinary publication has an encyclopedic value, but also synthesizes theoretical and historical knowledge in the above-mentioned scope.

The use of mother tongue in a FLE class. Case of the Department of French at the University of Mosul

This research takes the use of the mother tongue in the French language classroom as a foreign language and the role that this language plays. This work consist of two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part presents this concepts that lie at the hearts of this study, such as defining the field of the art of education in general, and teaching and learning the French language as a foreign language in particular. This part also sheds light on the language class, then the concept of language, and the definition of the mother tongue and the foreign language and what is the relationship between them. Then it deals with the uses of the mother tongue, and ends with the mother language according to the curricula. While the practical part includes a questionnaire addressed to the professors of the Department of French Language at University of Mosul. According to the answers received from the questionnaire, the research concludes that the use of the mother language with students in the first and second grades plays an important positive role in teaching FLE. While it hinders the learning of the French language for third and fourth grade students in the Department of French Language at the University of Mosul.

Collaborative convergence: finding the language for trans-disciplinary communication to occur

The proper study of communication from existing models opens the doors to scientific research that allows exploring language and coding as an integral part of effective communication to generate new models that include Trans-Disciplinary Collaboration. The authors analyze the communication factors to describe the application of Trans-Disciplinary Communication. This paper aims to define communication processes and their relationship with language, considering their impact on trans-disciplinary collaboration and innovation. After conducting a systematic literature review, the article explored the concepts of communication, functions, language, and Trans-Disciplinary Communication. This led to its application in the convergence research approach presented in the Collaborative Convergence Pyramid.

Profiling Programming Language Learning

This paper documents a year-long experiment to “profile” the process of learning a programming language: gathering data to understand what makes a language hard to learn, and using that data to improve the learning process. We added interactive quizzes to The Rust Programming Language, the official textbook for learning Rust. Over 13 months, 62,526 readers answered questions 1,140,202 times. First, we analyze the trajectories of readers. We find that many readers drop-out of the book early when faced with difficult language concepts like Rust’s ownership types. Second, we use classical test theory and item response theory to analyze the characteristics of quiz questions. We find that better questions are more conceptual in nature, such as asking why a program does not compile vs. whether a program compiles. Third, we performed 12 interventions into the book to help readers with difficult questions. We find that on average, interventions improved quiz scores on the targeted questions by +20

When I am sixty-four… evaluating language markers of well-being in healthy aging narratives.

Natural language use is a promising candidate for the development of innovative measures of well-being to complement self-report measures. The type of words individuals use can reveal important psychological processes that underlie well-being across the lifespan. In this preregistered, cross-sectional study, we propose a conceptual model of language markers of well-being and use written narratives about healthy aging (N = 701) and computerized text analysis (LIWC) to empirically validate the model. As hypothesized, we identified a model with three groups of language markers (reflecting affective, evaluative, and social processes). Initial validation with established self-report scales (N = 30 subscales) showed that these language markers reliably predict core components of well-being and underlying processes. Our results support the concurrent validity of the conceptual language model and allude to the added benefits of language-based measures, which are thought to reflect less conscious processes of well-being. Future research is needed to continue validating language markers of well-being across the lifespan in a theoretically informed and contextualized way, which will lay the foundation for inferring people's well-being from their natural language use.

Semantics of the lexemes «freedom» and «will» in the Old Russian language as a reflection of the value dominants of the historical era (based on the material of dictionaries)

The article is devoted to identifying the connection of meanings within the semantic structure of the words «freedom» and «will» in the Old Russian language, indirectly reflecting the system of values and beliefs of the corresponding historical era. The relevance of the research is due to the insufficient study of the patterns of interpreting abstract concepts in the Russian language of the older generation. Uses a complex of linguistic methods, such as analysis of dictionary definitions, semantic field method, contextual analysis, etc. The semantics of the lexemes «freedom» and «will» in the Old Russian language is characterized by syncretism, which determines the complex connection of the meanings of these units. Thus, the word «freedom» reflects a number of correlated ideas about this phenomenon: 1) the internal (psychological) state of freedom; 2) social state of freedom; 3) causation of social freedom; 4) causation of internal freedom; 5) a person is a carrier of a state. The corresponding semantic field, the core of which is the word «freedom», in the Old Russian language has an isostructural organization. The semantic structure of the word «will» is less extensive, but it also represents the connection of this concept with the internal (mental), social and religious spheres. It is shown that freedom and will are interpreted in the Old Russian language as significant axiological phenomena that determine the self-awareness of an individual and the norms of his behavior in various spheres of life. The semantics of the words «freedom» and «will» reflect ideas about the close interaction of two principles: sacred (religious) and profane (psychological and social). At the same time, these lexemes emphasize one or another specified aspect: «freedom» primarily correlates with the social and religious spheres, while the «will» turns out to be associated with the internal (psychological) sphere of desire.

Language in Bioethics: Beyond the Representational View

Though assumptions about language underlie all bioethical work, the field has rarely partaken of theories of language. This article encourages a more linguistically engaged bioethics. We describe the tacit conception of language that is frequently upheld in bioethics—what we call the representational view, which sees language essentially as a means of description. We examine how this view has routed the field’s theories and interventions down certain paths. We present an alternative model of language—the pragmatic view—and explore how it expands and clarifies traditional bioethical concerns. To lend concreteness, we apply the pragmatic view to a pervasive concept in bioethics and adjacent fields: decision making. We suggest that problems of the decision-making approach to bioethical issues are grounded in adherence to the representational view. Drawing on empirical work in surgery and critical care, we show how the pragmatic view productively reframes bioethical questions about how medical treatments are pursued.

Application of IoT audio technology based on sensor networks in English speaking teaching system

In the era of information technology, the exponential growth of data volume has compelled users to entrust their data to database service providers for efficient management. While traditional methods such as user authentication, security auditing, and access control have been implemented to safeguard data security across databases, cloud servers may face security challenges due to excessive internal administrator permissions. The audio technology of the Internet of Things (IoT) offers numerous advantages, including high bandwidth, short data transmission time, long transmission distance, and cost-effectiveness. It has found widespread applications in military, technological, industrial, and everyday life settings. With the advancements in modern information technology and the development and enhancement of wireless radio frequency technology in the IoT sector, IoT-based wireless audio interaction systems utilizing Wi-Fi have gradually become integrated into people's lives. These systems have enriched people's daily experiences and are increasingly popular among consumers. This paper, based on the theory of functional applied linguistics, combs the basic theoretical framework and the practical application prospect of functional Applied Linguistics of systemic language, especially emphasizes the important influence and application enlightenment of systemic functional linguistics on language teaching, and combines the "Recent Development Zone" The basic concepts of contemporary language and literature education, such as scaffolding, are summarized and analyzed. The paper establishes a comprehensive theoretical research framework for college spoken English teaching, and through the comprehensive theoretical analysis of communicative teaching methods and practical exploration of some problems that students may appear, it puts forward more effective and targeted specific solutions.

The impact of native language utilization on sentence structure and pattern learning

This study aimed to investigate the effect of utilizing learners' native language in the process of learning sentence structural slots and patterns. The sample consisted of 50 college students enrolled in the first level of an English Translation program. They study linguistic courses to enhance their English proficiency. The study employed two tests: a pre-test conducted after the explanation of sentence structures and patterns, and a post-test conducted after incorporating the use of the students' native language during the explanation process. The findings of the study revealed a significant impact of translation on the overall performance of the students. The utilization of the native language demonstrated a substantial effect on sentences with optional slots and simple slots. However, the effect was comparatively lower for sentences with compound slots. The results suggest that incorporating the learners' native language in the learning process can enhance their understanding and acquisition of sentence structures and patterns. This finding aligns with the notion that utilizing familiar linguistic resources can facilitate comprehension and retention of new language concepts (Omidire and Ayob, 2020). The implications of this study highlight the potential benefits of incorporating translation techniques in language instruction.

Religião e política: embate de sentidos sobre a fé evangélica em posts de pastores no Instagram

ABSTRACT This work aims to reflect on possible meanings for the evangelical faith based on utterances produced by three evangelical ministers in their social networks when they enunciate on themes that are linked, directly or indirectly, to political agendas. Based on the theoretical scope of studies in Applied Linguistics and on Bakhtinian conceptions of language, our analyzes point to three predominant meanings, which mean the evangelical faith as: i) reaffirmation of identity; ii) exercise of otherness and respect to the other; and iii) political practice. Such meanings demonstrate that there are contradictions within the religious discursivity, which allows the beating between hate speeches and respect and empathy ones within the realm of the evangelical faith. Thus, looking for cracks in religious discourse that oppose fundamentalist and authoritarian discourses is an ethical duty of a religious leader who recognizes his social and discursive role as influential in taking positions and, therefore, in the lives of the members of their congregation.

Generative Language Patterns and the Phenomenon of Anti-Anthropocentrism — New Perspectives on the Linguistic Paradigm of «Posthumano» and «General/Strong» AI

The presented material introduces an authorial hypothesis on the prospects of the emergence of the linguistic paradigm «posthumano», based on an analytical interdisciplinary review and analysis of the development feature of large generative language models through the enhancement of neural network algorithms in deep machine learning. The authors put forward a theoretical and methodological foundation of the appearance of such a phenomenon in the context of the development of anti-anthropocentrism theories. The article actualizes the development of «post-anthropocentric» approaches overcoming the traditional binary opposition «man/machine», extending into the realm of linguistics. Building on achievements in the development and training of generative language models, a new concept of language as an autonomous, self-developing system, termed «posthumano» is formulated and proposed for further criticism and development. The authorial concept of the emerging a new linguistic paradigm is based both on the principles of the interdisciplinary approach and on the discourse of transdisciplinarity that developed in the second half of the 20th century. In this contribution, the authors outline some of the foundational principles and reasons that may underlie the new linguistic paradigm and offer some thoughts on the immediate prospects for the development of linguistic practices and humanitarian knowledge in the era of expectation/development of «general/strong» artificial intelligence technologies. The authors put forward a theoretical and methodological basis for the emergence of such a phenomenon in the context of the development of theories of anti-anthropocentrism. The article updates the development of «post-anthropocentric» approaches that go beyond the traditional binary opposition «man/machine», including the field of linguistics. Based on advances in the development and training of generative language models, the formulation and a new concept of language as an autonomous, self-developing «posthumano» system is proposed for further analysis, criticism, and development. The author’s concept of the formation and development of a new emerging linguistic paradigm is based both on the principles of an interdisciplinary approach and on the discourse of transdisciplinarity, which developed in the second half of the 20th century. The authors set out both some basic foundations and reasons that can form the basis of a new linguistic paradigm and offer some thoughts on the immediate prospects for the development of language practices and humanitarian knowledge in the era of anticipation/development of «general/strong» artificial intelligence technologies.

Kant’s analysis of the soul: correlation with the body, and the problem of existence

The article highlights the conceptual issues related to Kant’s analysis of the soul, a concept of utmost importance for the metaphysics and psychology of German academic philosophy (Schulphilosophie) of the Enlightenment was significantly dependent on the developed and systematically presented philosophical and scientific ideas and concepts of Christian Wolff. Kantian philosophy, its themes, and conceptual language were formed in the crucible of Wolfean discourse, and from the early 1770s in the struggle against it, which led to the emergence of a new, critical philosophy – transcendental idealism, in which the problem of the soul, consciousness, and self-awareness became fundamental. It is this issue that was thoroughly covered in the «Critique of Pure Reason» and other works that were published later, after the first Critique. The article draws attention to Kant’s Lectures, which, on the one hand, demonstrate his critical attitude towards the so-called Wolfians, their metaphysics, and psychology, and, on the other hand, the lecture materials illustrate Kant's new conceptual position, and, what is important, develop, supplement and clarify it. The sources of Kant’s lectures are highlighted, taking into account the fact that we have at our disposal lecture notes, the authors of which are either unknown or, if known, their authorship is still somewhat doubtful, since they are notes that different people have rewritten. The article analyses lecture notes on psychology, the authors of which are more or less well-known, and experts recognize these notes as quite valid. The conceptual content of these lectures allows us to look at Kant’s understanding of the problem of the soul in a somewhat broader context compared to the «Critique of Pure Reason», where this problem is analyzed in connection with the paralogisms of reason and the transcendental deduction of categories. In his lectures on psychology, Kant draws attention to the problem of the interaction of the soul with the human body, the «location of the soul», linking it not so much to the organs of the human body (for example, the head) as to the location of a person as a bodily being in the world makes all acts of consciousness, self-awareness, and sense perception possible. Kant emphasizes the basic importance of such a spatial location of a person for the soul, as something that belongs to a person with a certain integrity, and not a separate organ, to act properly, to perform its cognitive functions. The article analyses the problem of existence, which is important for critical philosophy, its various modalities, and predication, with a special emphasis on the problem of the existence of metaphysical objects - the soul, God, and the world as a whole.

Locally Abstract, Globally Concrete Semantics of Concurrent Programming Languages

Formal, mathematically rigorous programming language semantics are the essential prerequisite for the design of logics and calculi that permit automated reasoning about concurrent programs. We propose a novel modular semantics designed to align smoothly with program logics used in deductive verification and formal specification of concurrent programs. Our semantics separates local evaluation of expressions and statements performed in an abstract, symbolic environment from their composition into global computations, at which point they are concretised. This makes incremental addition of new language concepts possible, without the need to revise the framework. The basis is a generalisation of the notion of a program trace as a sequence of evolving states that we enrich with event descriptors and trailing continuation markers. This allows to postpone scheduling constraints from the level of local evaluation to the global composition stage, where well-formedness predicates over the event structure declaratively characterise a wide range of concurrency models. We also illustrate how a sound program logic and calculus can be defined for this semantics.

Investigation of the Visual-Semantic Relations in Typography

The technological advancements initiated with the onset of the Industrial Revolution and persisting rapidly to this day continue to instigate profound transformations in societies, cultures, and even forms of governance, while simultaneously ushering in new perspectives and methodologies in the realms of art and design. In our age, the concept of language has ceased to be a mere means of communication and has adapted organically to the developing age by assuming certain missions and roles. These roles involve the articulation of narratives and meanings designed to integrate individuals into the existing capitalist system and manage their needs. This study examines the relationship between typography and language as a design element within the context of semantic arguments. The primary aim here is to analyze the semantic structures of typography as a design element, not only facilitating readability but also visibility, and to dissect them from a semantic standpoint, from parts to the whole. In doing so, it aims to uncover the effectiveness of typography as a tool for perception management. The presented data is anticipated to provide designers, particularly, with methods to enhance the use of typography in conveying messages, meanings, and relationships with the reader, thereby increasing efficiency in terms of conveying meaning and offering various approaches to enhance semantic productivity. The aim of this study is to position the semantic relationships between the meanings of typographic elements used in graphic design products and how viewers visually perceive the typography used. Thus, the exploration aims to discover how visually symbolic meanings created with typography can be utilized as a more effective form of communication.

Лайфхаки глокализации, или Глокализация «лайфхака»

The article discusses the process of glocalization of the English-language concept “lifehack” in the Russian language on the basis of corpus data. Both original and borrowed concepts are considered in the Internet discourse, which is currently the most accessible source for studying new concepts and at the same time, the first to incorporate them into its language. The purpose of the article is to identify cognitive features of the “lifehack” concept in the English language and its Russian counterpart, as well as the changes that have occurred as a result of its glocalization. Based on collocation analysis and discursive analysis of language units which represent the concept, cognitive features are defined and combined into thematic groups. The totality of these features makes up the field structure of the concepts. The study revealed that the core features of the “lifehack” concept were fully integrated into the Russian language version of the concept. These include thematic groups such as “use”, “help”, and “ease/simplicity”. In both the Russian and English versions, the concept received a large number of positive characterizations (“good”, “great”, “incredible”, etc.). Cognitive features “shallowness” and “negative evaluation” can be found in the periphery of the concept. Additionally, features that were not present in the original concept have been added to the concept in the Russian language. The grammatical structures in which the words representing the concept “lifehack” are used suggest that the adaptation process is ongoing. In the process of glocalization, the “lifehack” concept in the Russian language retained all the core features of the original concept, while also acquiring an additional feature “alternative approach”. The grammatical characteristics of the language units representing the concept in the Russian language indicate that it is still undergoing adaptation and, possibly, will further develop in a bit different direction from the original concept.

AltDiffusion: A Multilingual Text-to-Image Diffusion Model

Large Text-to-Image(T2I) diffusion models have shown a remarkable capability to produce photorealistic and diverse images based on text inputs. However, existing works only support limited language input, e.g., English, Chinese, and Japanese, leaving users beyond these languages underserved and blocking the global expansion of T2I models. Therefore, this paper presents AltDiffusion, a novel multilingual T2I diffusion model that supports eighteen different languages. Specifically, we first train a multilingual text encoder based on the knowledge distillation. Then we plug it into a pretrained English-only diffusion model and train the model with a two-stage schema to enhance the multilingual capability, including concept alignment and quality improvement stage on a large-scale multilingual dataset. Furthermore, we introduce a new benchmark, which includes Multilingual-General-18(MG-18) and Multilingual-Cultural-18(MC-18) datasets, to evaluate the capabilities of T2I diffusion models for generating high-quality images and capturing culture-specific concepts in different languages. Experimental results on both MG-18 and MC-18 demonstrate that AltDiffusion outperforms current state-of-the-art T2I models, e.g., Stable Diffusion in multilingual understanding, especially with respect to culture-specific concepts, while still having comparable capability for generating high-quality images. All source code and checkpoints could be found in https://github.com/superhero-7/AltDiffuson.