Concept Of Heritage Research Articles

Ernst Bloch and the subject of orientalism

ABSTRACT This essay offers a reading of German philosopher Ernst Bloch's 1952 essay Avicenna and the Aristotelian Left in relation to the question of orientalism. Bloch's study of first-century Islamic philosopher, scientist and doctor Ibn Sina (Avicenna) relies on orientalist sources and authors also discussed in Edward Said's Orientalism. Yet, it challenges many stereotypes and ‘structures of attitude and reference’ that are recurrent in European representations of the Middle East. Bloch presents Avicenna as a secular thinker and situates him in a complex economic and social conjuncture, refusing to see his work as manifestation of a non-Western pre-modern ‘essence’. This perspective avoids both primitivism and essentialism; rather, it aims to recuperate the vast influence of Islamic thought on European philosophy, especially the European Enlightenment. Avicenna's heterodox naturalism and rebellious interpretation of Aristotle is hence reframed as the source of a materialist line of descent to which Bloch himself belongs. Bloch hence sketches a concept of philosophical heritage grounded into the legacy of Avicenna's teaching, thereby anticipating Edward Said's critique of the metaphysics of exteriority proper to Orientalist discourse and its colonial underpinning.

Contemporary Sound Practices: Church Bells and Bell Ringing in New South Wales, Australia

As a social species, humans have developed soundscapes that surround, and to some extent circumscribe, their daily existence. The concept of aural heritage, its conceptualization and its management represent a rapidly expanding area of research, covering aspects of both natural and human heritage. However, there have been no contemporary regional or supra-regional studies that examine the nature of sound making in Christian religious settings, nor the extent to which it is still used. This paper presents the results of a survey into the presence of bells and bell ringing practices among five major Christian denominations in New South Wales, and examines to what extent bell ringing is still practiced and what factors may determine any differentiation. In doing so, it provides an objective basis from which to investigate future changes in bell ringing practices, and provides a solid foundation with reference to aural heritage of sound in a religious setting.

Cultural Destruction and Mass Atrocity Crimes: Strengthening Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Abstract Attacks against or affecting cultural heritage have been prosecuted exclusively as war crimes at both the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Court. However, this jurisprudence has limited the very concept of cultural heritage to solely tangible or physical manifestations of culture, excluding the numerous intangible cultural expressions of a given collective. This has precluded a constitutive link between attacks on cultural elements and crimes against humanity and genocide, and ignored the myriad ways in which the destruction of cultural heritage can adversely affect protected groups, including the disintegration of their collective identity. The rights of minority and indigenous populations such as the Uighurs in China can be better protected if acts damaging culture, including intangible cultural heritage, are inherently linked to crimes against humanity and genocide as this will compel states to better acknowledge, address, and prevent these crimes, in line with their obligations under the Responsibility to Protect.

Türk Gıda Sektöründe Marka Mirası Kavramı: İşletmeler Açısından Önemi (Brand Heritage Concept in Turkish Food Industry: Its Importance for Companies)

Purpose – Brand heritage is acknowledged as one of the future priorities in branding research. Heritage brands stand for longevity and sustainability, as proof that the core values and performance of the given products are reliable. Focusing on the food industry, the aim of the present study is to analyze the drivers and strategies of brand heritage from the viewpoint of management. Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted in the case study, one of the qualitative research designs. In-depth interviews were held with the representatives of the businesses that have a brand heritage in the food industry, and questions were asked about the strategies of creating and sustaining the brand heritage. A total of 12 in-depth interviews were carried out and interview scripts were prepared by using the five characteristics put forward on brand heritage literature by Mats Urde. In-depth interviews were analyzed with MAXQDA 2018 program with thematic analysis, which is a qualitative data analysis method. Results – Among the main findings, it is noted that the managers of companies with brand heritage perceive their brands as a way of life and form the concept of brand heritage with the five characteristcs stated by Urde. Discussion – The concept of brand heritage is a relatively new one in the literature, especially in our country. When previous studies are examined, it can be observed that there are very few studies in the field of brand heritage prepared from the management’s perspective rather than consumers. For this reason, it is considered that the findings of our study will make a significant contribution to the literature in the field of strategic brand management in our country.

Makna Material Culture dalam “Sarung” sebagai Identitas Santri

In material culture as a concept of local culture and nation heritage, “sarong” also has non-material value, likes as a symbol of santri, heroism, social class, kindness and honor. Sarong with variuos size, color, motifs, and pattern shapes the person and society, even the identity of a nation, especially Indonesia. Sarong even became part of the symbol of religiosity and diversity of Indonesia. By borrowing Bung Karno's message that the task of future generations is nation character building, caring for and developing a sarong culture, it can be seen as an effort to care for and develop the nation's character. Therefore, this paper use approachs or perspectives : material culture concept, social class perspective, and nation characer building concept. Method of writing is literary studies and analysis content method by various in resorches that support this article. The result of exprloration indicate that sarong can be the symbol for nation building character and identity with meaning and history contents powerly.

Íhé Ńkètá and Òkè: concepts and practice of indigenous cultural heritage management in the Igbo cultural area of south-eastern Nigeria

PurposeThis study explored an alternative understanding of heritage through the lens of the Igbo cultural group in Nigeria. It used the Igbo concept of “Ihe Nketa” or “Oke” to examine the complex relationship between indigeneity, attachment and sustainability in the context of heritage management and conservation.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was used, and ethnographic methods of data collection that include interviews and focus-group discussions (FGD) applied. The interview participants included village chiefs and the elderly (men and women), and the FGD comprised village elders (men and women) and youths. The interview guide contained demographic questions to determine age and occupation, followed by interactive open-ended questions stemming from the study's objectives. The interviews were conducted in the language most preferred by the respondents such as the Igbo language, Nigerian Pidgin English and the English language. The evidence generated was thematically analysed in a descriptive and interpretive manner.FindingsThe study found that while the Igbo understanding of heritage have related meaning with the definitions offered by the United Nations, their approach to heritage conservation takes a different turn through the concepts of “Ihe Nketa” or “Oke,” which recognises the ephemerality of tangible heritage resources with particular focus on the preservation of intangible heritage–knowledge over objects. The Igbo approach describes the framework for the acquisition, use and transfer of heritage resources in the Igbo society.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of the concept of heritage through the lens of the Igbo of Nigeria. Against the centralised national management approach to heritage, this paper argues that achieving sustainable heritage management in a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria requires the recognition of the principles that conserve(d) and manage(d) heritage among the indigenous/local peoples.

Diverging Antarctic heritage discourses: The geopolitical ramifications of non‐state actor engagement with the ‘state‐sanctioned’ version of Antarctic heritage

AbstractThe governance of heritage in Antarctica has always been centred on the nation‐state and the dissemination of its Antarctic narrative both within the state and between states. However, non‐state actors outside of the state offer alternative conceptions of Antarctic heritage. What are the geopolitical consequences of their engagement with objects and places of heritage on and around the frozen continent? Are non‐state actors accounted for within the current, official, and dominant discourse on heritage under the Antarctic Treaty System? These questions align with a broader enquiry into the System’s capacity to adequately account for non‐state actors and their increasing presence in the polar region 60 years on from the signing of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty. To better understand the nature of non‐state actors’ interaction with Antarctic heritage and the conditions under which it occurs, this paper will investigate how three non‐state actors conceive of and engage with Antarctic heritage: the tourism industry, environmental activists, and individuals. It will then consider the implications of their engagement with Antarctic heritage under the current framework for heritage management, before considering the potential obstacles the System may encounter within this governing space in the future.

Cultural Diplomacy and Brancusi’s Reception in the Digital Age in Romania


 
 
 The internet and media resources have opened new opportunities for digital cultural diplomacy and management of culture. Theoretically an ideal choice for cultural diplomacy, Constantin Brancusi’s reputation as a representative for government agency has suffered a crisis of reception. A Romanian-born and French-adopted sculptor, Brancusi has become a symbol of folklore and mythology but also a great, internationally recognized sculptor. This has been due to the existence of preferred or fixed models of desigining projects instead of involving teams of different backgrounds and incorporating cultural concepts in the political discourse. Approaching the topic with concepts of cultural diplomacy, media anthropology, heritage and online discourse, this case study deals with media events of cultural diplomacy broadcasted online in present day Romania. It emphasizes the potential that lies in cultural management and the important role of team spirit in designing public cultural policies and implementing projects.
 
 

INFLUENCE OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES AS MEGA-EVENT ON URBANIZATION PROCESSES IN THE CITY AND THE REGION

In recent decades, the Olympic Games have become one of the most important mega-events in the world. The large number of cities applying for the Olympics and the increase in mega-event budgets indicate that the leadership of cities and regions perceive the possibility of holding the Olympics as a tool to improve economic and social aspects in cities by accumulating investment.
 Since its inception, the Olympic Games have closely influenced urbanization processes in host societies. From the second half of the 20th century, a significant evolution can be observed via increasing the scale of the mega-event: from the Olympic mono-stadium to the Olympic quarter, urban and regional planning. Thus, the Olympics began to provide investment not only in sports infrastructure but also in becoming an element of urban and regional renewal and development, introducing changes in transport infrastructure, housing, parks, streets, public space.
 From the point of view of urban and regional planning, the holding of such a mega-event as the Olympics is considered within the concept of the Olympic heritage; namely, researchers study the material impact of mega-events. The tangible Olympic legacy is divided into sports and non-sports. The sports heritage of mega-events includes sports facilities, as well as training facilities. The non-sporting heritage of the mega-event includes the Olympic Villages (after the mega-event, the Olympic Village usually becomes the city's housing stock), the media center (which has the potential to become a shopping, entertainment, exhibition, or multicenter), renewed transport infrastructure and public and park spaces, urban environment.
 Especially for cities hosting a mega-event, the benefits of hosting the Olympics can be vast and varied. In the post-Fordism world, cities began to consider the possibility of holding the Olympics as a tool for the revival of the city. Such applications can be called "regeneration games". The Olympic Games can be part of a strategic plan to renovate the city, significantly change the urban environment, improve transport infrastructure, and affect the quality of life in the city. However, the mega-event can have a negative impact on the city, forming an overuse of funds or the implementation of unnecessary infrastructure of the city, which declines after the Olympics.

Cultural heritage and environmental ethical values in governance models: Conflicts between recreational fisheries and other maritime activities in Mediterranean marine protected areas

The seas as the next economic frontier have led to conflicts at the intersection of resource conservation and exploitation; a space where cultural values and social practices overlap. Underpinned by a literature review, surveys and personal interviews, this study identifies the main policy, socio-economic, environmental and cultural drivers of conflicts arising from the coexistence of recreational fishing -a major maritime activity in Mediterranean marine protected areas- and other maritime users. Results show that the constant paradoxes arising from the conflict stem from different concepts of heritage, appropriation of resources and preservation. Recreational fishing lacks a common definition and governance institution, but nevertheless regards itself as a fishing community and has behavioural traits which challenge other maritime activities, particularly small-scale fishing. This study highlights the importance of fostering socio-ecological relational values, which must necessarily be evaluated through the lens of environmental ethics, and contends that this is almost as relevant as the governance system. Given the divergent values of the different stakeholders and the high degree of scientific uncertainty found, we conclude that the main challenge in attaining a solid governance of multiple recreational and professional activities in marine reserves is to adopt a "middle ground" approach that combines top-down and bottom-up governance approaches.

Legal heritage and legal tradition – on the issue of correlation

Increased interest in the study of legal heritage and legal traditions as a factor in the stability of the legal system is determinedby the crisis of Ukrainian legal reality, which forces both scholars and legislators to think about finding ways to update Ukrainian law,the effectiveness of the national legal system.The purpose of this theoretical and legal study is to analyze the relationship between two legal categories – legal heritage andlegal tradition. Identification of common and distinctive features.The article analyzes the definitions of the concept of legal heritage and legal traditions, namely: legal heritage is a set of spiritual,historically stable ties, relations, results of legal activity, which ensure the translation and acceptance of past legal experience, as wellas provides the orientation of people’s lives to strengthen historical and legal values; legal traditions reproducing the content-formingprinciples of law, which provide the tradition and perception of previous legal experience, as well as the orientation of legal reality tostrengthen, restore the legal heritage. 
 It should be noted that the legal heritage is largely defined as the embodiment of a tradition, the transmission of which contributesto the meaning of the past and present. If we consider the legal heritage based on its historical and cultural interpretation, we can seethe following meanings: «leaving a legal footprint», «finding a legal footprint», «movement on the legal footprint», «legal footprint ofancestors». Thus, what leaves its mark for many years, as a rule, is of special value, which means that it went beyond the everyday,mundane and became timeless.The legal heritage expresses the historical movement of the legal system. On the positive side, the legal heritage is understoodas certain connections, interactions that take place within the legal culture, the legal system. «Any legal system is based on the legalheritage and at the same time creates it. It is an indicator of legal culture that is part of a particular legal system as an integral elementof its ideological subsystem». The concept of the legal heritage of nations is a logical reflection at the national level of the concept ofworld legal heritage.Tradition preserves the legal system, ensures its qualitative originality, self-reproduction, self-identity in history. Tradition, understoodas cultural imitation and heritage, appears as the life force of culture, as a mechanism for preserving and reproducing culturalconstants.

Geodiversity and Mining Towards the Development of Geotourism: A Global Perspective

Geodiversity and geological heritage are considered to be parallel and closely related concepts of biodiversity and biological heritage. Biodiversity is based and exists on the geodiversity of a territory. In the same way, mining activity and mining heritage are distinguished as contributing to social and economic development. The mining heritage is linked to the geological heritage and has become increasingly important for its social value and relationship with tourist activities. This study aims to analyze these fields' intellectual structure through bibliometrics as a current and innovative methodology that allows a full understanding of their structure and the relationships between these fields of cultural heritage, geodiversity, mining and geotourism. The following methodology considered: i) Search for classified information with scientific rigour in an indexed database, using search descriptors that cover the objective set, ii) analysis of scientific articles through graphical and statistical output schemes, and iii) discussion of the contributions, methodologies used, and trends on the subject. 709 documents of 29 years (1990-2019) from the Scopus database were analyzed. The results show the main themes, countries and influential institutions in cultural heritage, geodiversity, mining and tourism, which address six major research topics ranging from sustainable mining to geodiversity. Extensive information and understanding are provided that other research has partially addressed, allowing current and potential research areas to be identified.

Acoustics as Tangible Heritage: Re-embodying the Sensory Heritage in the Boundless Reign of Sight

Abstract This conceptual study discusses cultural and historic sounds as tangible heritage by focusing on preservation practices for both soundscape and individual sound sources besides the acoustical fingerprints of the spaces. Although the intangible cultural heritage concept has opened a new room into the sensory objects, the formal approaches to sensory heritage are still missing and ambiguous. This study dwells on why we should classify culturally significant sensory objects as tangible heritage assets in terms of heritage, sensory semiotics, and acoustics. The digitalization methods to preserve and reconstruct acoustic heritage along with their measurable and computable nature were discussed as well.

Emotional Cartography of Everyday Heritage via Photography

This paper presented the results of a heritage education intervention in a non-formal context via a collective photographic exhibition organised by a cultural association. In accordance with the Faro Convention on the value of cultural heritage for society, people’s role in the construction and sustaining of their identity is recognised, and the fostering of shared responsibility towards the environment was sought. A mixed methodology was employed in order to evaluate the effects of participation in this project on the perception of heritage, to analyse what relationship there was between this conception and the photographic output, and to explain to what extent participation in a collective exhibition had an influence on the emotional resignification of everyday heritage. The results showed that the participants modified their traditional conception of heritage towards a symbolic-identity type, consciously questioned their relationship and commitment with everyday places, and rediscovered their environment by way of a contextualised learning sequence.

The appropriation of the carioca intangible cultural heritage by an entrepreneurial logic

This paper focuses on the means by which the City Hall of Rio Janeiro implemented a policy for the preservation of local cultural heritage and used legal instruments available to the protection of intangible heritage, notably from 2013, as of the creation of a new category: The Traditional and Notable Economic Activities`s Book of Registry. The research is based on the debate about the conception of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) as an analytical category, in order to recognize that the ICH carries a challenging potential capable of supporting the struggles of historically subalternized groups and subjects, thus revealing the essentially political nature of this category. The development of the research intends to demonstrate that Rio`s intangible heritage was captured by the entrepreneurial logic, which led to the neutralization of the challenging power of this category and permitted the beginning of the memory deletion process of those historically subalternized subjects and groups.

The Search for Identity: An Anthropological Interpretation of Engaged Research in Paštrovići and the Use of the Concept of Intangible Cultural Heritage for Identity Political Purposes

Paštrovići is the name of a clan and of an ethnographic area of the Montenegrin coast stretching from Čanj to Bečići and from the Adriatic Sea to Crmnica. I visited this region twice, in 2017 and 2018, as part of the Etno Lab project, directed by the Bauo Society for Cultural Development from the town of Petrovac by the Sea, with funds and other forms of assistance provided by the Municipality of Budva, the Ministry of Culture of Montenegro, and several local families. The purpose of the stay in Petrovac was engaged field research with the aim of exploring the "traditions" and cultural heritage of Paštrovići, with the intention of mapping potential elements for inscription on the list of Montenegrin intangible cultural heritage. In this paper, I start from the hypothesis that the organization of Etno Lab, the directing of research and, finally, the search for identity markers with a view to having them recognized as important and inscribed on relevant lists by the national state, are precisely a form of reflection of the socio-political identity turmoil which is primarily occurring at the political level in the nation state of Montenegro and then spilling over into social reality, where it assumes various forms. Thus, the paper is divided into four sections: a brief overview of socio-political changes in Montenegro; a discussion of the methodological procedures used in our research and their inadequacies; an anthropological interpretation of the concept and a search for elements of intangible cultural heritage in relation to the identity political uses of the given phenomena.

Teacher’s impact on museum education and design of new-generation school and museum collaboration in Turkey

ABSTRACT Turkey incorporates museum education in its culture and education strategies in accordance with new approaches to museology. Under the “museum education” cooperation protocol signed between the Ministry of National Education and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the “Museum Education Certification Programme” was launched by the Directorate-General for Teacher Training and Improvement with the aim of allowing teachers to employ museums as learning environments, supporting in-class learning with out-of-school environments notably including museums, and consolidating their learning outcomes in awareness, consciousness, and skills by carrying their in-class learning to more permanent learning environments. The cooperation protocol executed with the Department of Museum Education at Ankara University culminated in the preparation of training and sctivity books on museum education for teachers to incorporate in their curricula. Delivered to 630 teachers, the training programmes offered theoretical information and examples on the concepts of cultural heritage; approaches to museology and techniques employed in museum education; approaches for the development of museum programmes; and the use of technologies in museums, as well as relevant data on measurement and assessment. The study explains the process implemented for courses with examples and presents the monitoring results concerning the practices undertaken by participating teachers after the training.

The construction of intangible cultural heritage: A Foucauldian critique

Within tourism studies, there has been limited attention to the concept of World Intangible Cultural Heritage, its discursive normalisation and its effects at the level of the nation or public sphere. Through a discourse analysis of a public institutional document on intangible cultural heritage in Scotland, we demonstrate how Foucault's power/knowledge dyad unfolds at one of its points of application. Our key findings include that discursive strategies of conviction (such as inventorying) are deployed to frame intangible cultural heritage within an existing discursive field of relationship that articulates with Scotland's contested political position within the United Kingdom; and that notions concerning the importance of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage have been constructed through discourses of its fragility and immateriality.

Heritage Module within Legal Translation and Interpreting Studies: Didactic Contribution to University Students’ Sustainable Education

This article explores the hypothesis that the concept of heritage is relevant for a university-based degree course in legal translators and interpreters’ training. The research rests on the legal and academic understanding of cultural heritage. The study explores its specifics regarding the English-taught discipline on Legal Translation and Interpreting Studies within the above-mentioned graduate program. The research integrates qualitative tools and statistical instruments, starts with the theoretical consideration of legislative and academic sources, proceeds to the empirical studies of heritage samples, and considers their relevance for the heritage module design within the specified discipline. The experimental design of such a module and its use for the training of students are also part of the present investigation that further explores students’ perceptions of the heritage module under study, with reference to their future career tracks. The study reveals the specifics and components of the heritage framework for the discipline under study and identifies those areas of professional activities for which students consider the heritage module as most useful and relevant. These issues have not been a subject for academic research so far, which contributes to the research relevance and novelty.

The Labor of Curating: Fandom, Museums, and the Value of Fan Heritage

The Labor of Curating: Fandom, Museums, and the Value of Fan Heritage