Concept Of Heritage Research Articles

The Kyrgyz Republic: Concept, Strategies, and Practices for the Preservation of the National Cultural Heritage

This study deals with the concept of «cultural heritage» in the Kyrgyz Republic, including both material culture and traditional ideology. We describe their codification, and strategies for their preservation and popularization. We draw on a large database, which includes findings of original fieldwork. We outline the elaboration of the concept of cultural heritage and its content, presenting a systematic description of institutional aspect and meaning, and we analyze the practices of its implementation. The historical and cultural heritage is viewed as a multifactorial space. The realities of modern Kyrgyzstan suggest that the nation implements integration strategies in foreign policy. While using the notions of cultural heritage and traditional values, the republic strengthens its ties with other members of the CIS, raising the level of its integration into the Central Asian community and maintaining its status as part of the world civilization. Cultural heritage is a key resource of social change and the economic stabilization of local communities. Its preservation at the level of everyday culture, academic, and educational practices, museums, festivals, etc. is a condition of national consolidation.

Mmila (the Road) and the Great Stoep

AbstractThis paper explores and questions the promise of service delivery and infrastructural upgrades made in the City of Ekurhuleni in postapartheid South Africa, its immateriality in relation to concepts of modern African heritage. The paper is drawn from my PhD research which compares how the roads and stormwater Repairs, and Maintenance Budget of the City of Ekurhuleni has been resourced, organized, and distributed across the city's townships since 2000. It interrogates the budget process and its effectiveness as a political tool – rather than a technical tool – that pursues spatial justice and transformation of these previously underdeveloped townships. Section 153(a) of the South African Constitution delegates a municipality to ‘structure and manage its administration and budgeting and planning processes to give priority to the basic needs of the community, and to promote the social and economic development of the community’.

Георізноманіття: виміри, конотації, асоціації

The paper aims to outline the main characteristics of the term ‘geological diversity’ in its three most clear and interrelated aspects: legal, worldview, and natural historic. The legal aspect of geodiversity now seems to be the most clearly comprehended and the most efficient in regard to its primary tasks. The experience of regulation in the international law of various objects of geodiversity is considered in relation to the concept of world her-itage. Based on the convention of biological diversity, which is also part of world heritage, we attempt by anal-ogy to compare biodiversity and geodiversity as an object of legal regulation. The system of Kant’s philosophy is analysed as a worldview basis, which can be used to clarify the meaning of the term ‘geodiversity’ and which is based on the priority of the researcher’s self-reflection in theoretical or practical judgments: being ‘in-tersubjective’ it finds realization in principles of postmodernism and other worldview novelties. The natural his-toric aspects of geodiversity are considered as one of the variants of systematization of the factual materials amassed in the earth sciences, based on the needs of the related scientific, economic, and conservational activ-ities of humans in the geological space. Analysing the demands to science in general and to geology in particu-lar, we suggest that despite the importance of systematizing paradigms, the systematic unity of geology—at least at the current stage of its development—is based on the specifics of geological thinking able to fully comprehend the diversity of geological phenomena and on the basic principles of systematization of the fac-tual material neutral in regard to dominating paradigms. In this sense, geology—as a multi-level dynamic sys-tem of reflection of the results of geological studies—embodies the ‘oncoming movement’ of empirical gener-alizations of the factual material and the conceptual-mathematical models of the more adequate reflection of the diversity of geological phenomena, among which models of fractal geometry appear to be the most pro-spective.

European Interests and European Values: General Perspectives of Analysis or False Dichotomy?

The article features the values of the European Union in the context of applying modern approaches to the study of integration associations. The analysis of the role of values in the policy of the European Union can be done in various ways. The historical and legal method shows the process of legal consolidation of the values and reflects the formation of the political subjectivity of the EU in the last 30 years. The starting point is the concept of shared heritage that demonstrates the main stages and tasks of European integration. The concept of acquis communautaire reaches its climax with the Treaty of Lisbon, and this was when the list of EU values became complete. The concept of the common heritage retains its legal meaning but transforms the goals into a discrete set of political values of the modern European Union. The present analysis of the social dimension of EU values was based on the Copenhagen School of Security. The analysis made it possible to identify the short-term values of modern European society through media monitoring and showed the specifics of European perception, e.g., the dominant importance of personal and political rights of citizens. The pandemic exacerbated the manifestation of these values within European society. Despite certain problems, the value dimension of EU policy is now complete and has become integral to European society and politics. The political component depends on specific interests, e.g., criteria for cooperation, membership conditions, interaction prospects, etc.

Heritage Building Preservation in the Process of Sustainable Urban Development: The Case of Brasov Medieval City, Romania

This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the literature on the definition and development of the concepts of heritage and sustainability. The harmful effects of various pollutants on the materials widely used in the construction of monuments/buildings, which are part of the national and international cultural heritage, are also highlighted. In addition, the paper draws attention to modern techniques for investigating the composition and diagnosis of the alteration of buildings materials with the focus on stone, limestone, and mortars/concrete. The present research also emphasizes that in the case of heritage buildings, different skills are needed not only related to heritage conservation and rehabilitation, but also skills related to heritage planning processes, and to sustainable constructions. For exemplification, the manuscript proposes specific conservation principles based on the case of Brasov city, located in the heart of Romania and being par excellence a medieval town with representative buildings for that period.

The Significance of Cultural Heritage in Fostering Economic Viability

The Study addressed the theme of Cultural Heritage's role in boosting economic viability, aimed at identifying the process of profiting from cultural heritage, in terms of economic return on States; as it discusses the concept of cultural heritage; its function, types, and significance, as well as the concept of economics, and the role of cultural heritage in country’s economic growth. The Study then discussed Cultural Heritage and archaeological surveys, as well as the significance of archaeological surveys to national economies. The Study also investigated instances of Cultural Heritage and its relationship to economic returns, as well as media’s significance in recognizing the role of cultural heritage in the growth of countries' economy. The descriptive analytical method was applied in the study, and the following findings were procured: Cultural Heritage is the essence of the economy and sustainable development; therefore, it should be protected and passed down to future generations to ensure their development, as it aids in understanding the past and improves the material and spiritual well-being of States in general, and individuals and society in particular. Furthermore, benefiting from cultural heritage in relation to economic returns to States is a difficult task; as a result, States should be present across different promotional campaigns that support and preserve Cultural Heritage, with an emphasis on demonstrating its economic return to States, which may be carried out directly or indirectly. The Study came out with several recommendations, the most significant of which are: objectives and priorities for the role of cultural heritage and its economic impact, in accordance with national policies, should be in place. Further, it is crucial that States strengthen and build production and distribution capacities in the field of culture, as well as facilitate a wide access of their cultural services, activities and products to the global market, in addition to capacity development via the exchange of experiences, information, research, and human resource training.

Towards the Analysis of Tradition-based Projects of Locality: A Case Study from Rural Hungary

Abstract In this case study* I offer an insight into the activity of an association for local traditions in a Hungarian village. In addition, I provide some general analytical frames for the examination of such tradition-based locality projects. The field of the observation is Kóny, a village in north-west Hungary. Its peasant traditions – especially the famous male dance, Kóny verbunk – were re-contextualised from time to time in the 20th century. The latest, recent, wave of re-construction concentrates on the systematic (re-)valorisation of locality by highlighting its former peasant traditions and the vernacularisation of the concept of heritage. While the organising work means a new, shared everyday practice for the association’s members, performing the traditions in the public space offers the villagers an occasion to reinforce local identity and identify with the locality.

When the ‘Asset’ Is Livelihood: Making Heritage with the Maritime Practitioners of Bagamoyo, Tanzania

This paper examines the dilemmas, obligations and opportunities faced by heritage professionals in elaborating cultural ‘assets’ among the breadwinning practices of contemporary, artisanal communities. It takes as its case study the authors’ Bahari Yetu, Urithi Wetu (‘Our Ocean, Our Heritage’) project and its engagement with maritime practitioners in and around the town of Bagamoyo, Tanzania. The article identifies Bagamoyo’s contemporary maritime scene as meriting heritage recognition on a global level, yet sitting entirely outside the country’s legal and political conception of heritage. Moreover, it acknowledges that ‘heritage’ as founded on the livelihood-earning activities of the community’s practitioners, such as boatbuilders, fishers and mariners. These often operate at subsistence level, yet are subject to transformative economic, social and environmental forces, as well as government agencies with no heritage remit. Drawing upon and reporting their co-creative engagements and activities with the Bagamoyo community, the authors argue for a non-reifying and people-centred approach to ‘living’ heritage situations such as that of maritime Bagamoyo, in which the tools of heritage engagement are deployed to amplify the concerns of the practitioner community to a wider audience.

Musical sustainability vis-à-vis intangible cultural heritage: safeguarding and incentives in the Feast of the Virgin of Candelaria, Puno, Perú

ABSTRACT Both comparative assessment of the concept of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and developments in musical sustainability, to ensure the viability of grassroots musical practices, have been important concerns among applied ethnomusicologists over the last decade. This paper identifies some of the challenges in the dialogue between these two approaches from an implementation perspective via the case study of the nomination process of the Feast of the Virgin of Candelaria of Puno, Perú to the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The article analyses the incentives for state officers, music practitioners, and other stakeholders in ICH projects to assess their compatibility with musical sustainability frameworks. I argue that the main challenge in aligning these two approaches resides in the conflicting incentive structures both approaches feature. This paper advances current research on musical sustainability, ICH, and applied ethnomusicology by introducing conceptual developments for the analysis of institutional frameworks, partisan agendas, and decision-making processes.

Research on the Mining of Intangible Cultural Heritage Digital Resources in the Manual Online Teaching System of Preschool Education.

Our country's international status as a cultural power has been further enhanced, and the protection of intangible cultural heritage containing the essence of traditional culture is also gradually being carried out. In addition, with the rapid development of the digital environment, the public's cultural needs continue to grow, and the contradiction between the supply and demand of public digital cultural services continues to intensify. Converting intangible cultural heritage into digital form for protection and providing resource services for the public has become an important trend in the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage at home and abroad, and it is also an inevitable requirement to solve the contradiction between supply and demand. Improving public cultural services is one of the key projects. At present, our country's research and practice of intangible cultural heritage digitization and services are also in progress, but there is no research on intangible cultural heritage digital resource services and system construction from the perspective of information service elements. Based on the digital resource service of intangible cultural heritage, the manual course is one of the main skill courses for preschool education majors. At this stage, the short class hours of manual courses, the lack of class hours, the low utilization rate of teaching materials, and the disconnection between the content and the needs of the kindergarten are all problems that need to be solved at present. Just relying on cross-references between schools, the manual knowledge and skills mastered by graduates are not comprehensive enough to complete the manual tasks assigned by the kindergarten. This paper implements the concept of intangible cultural heritage and hopes that by studying the manual knowledge and skills that today's kindergarten teachers need to possess, the content of existing manual courses can be adjusted in a targeted manner, so that the electronic culture dissemination of manual curriculum resources for preschool education is more reasonable, meeting the requirements of kindergarten teachers in terms of manual knowledge and skills.

Following the threads of social magma: Neurodiversity as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity (UNESCO)

“Neurodiversity” is a magmatic term, it defines at the same time, a concept and a set of communities. The neurodiversity communities are built primarily online and are agitated by various controversies. They share contradictory concepts, variegated literatures and expose gestures representative of their neurological differences. Despite their differences, the communities agree upon the necessity to protect neurodiversity from an external threat that is yet to be defined. We can use the UNESCO representative list of intangible cultural heritage as a co-writing frame in order to emulate controversies on Reddit neurodiversity threads and emulate discussions on the concept of neurological heritage, its limits and its risks. This action-research project offers a participative writing frame in order to identify cultural elements of the neurodiverse movements and disentangle the threads of social magma.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF MARINE GENETIC RESOURCES: FILLING THE GAPS OF THE UNITED NATION CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEAS

Objective: We seek to understand the definition of marine genetic resources and marine biological resources, placing it in the historical context of narratives of international law of the sea. We seek to look into the content of common heritage of mankind towards MGRs. We seek to analyze the international legal framework of extraction and use of MGRs while securing easy access to them in accordance with the concept of common heritage of mankind. We seek to investigate the international legal regulation of biopiracy in legal research. The authors consider the importance of necessity to fulfil the lack of the universal definition of biopiracy in relation to MGRs in International Law of the Sea.Methodology: The research uses general scientific and special cognitive techniques wherein legal analysis and synthesis, systemic, formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal and dialectical methods are applied.Results: We found out that for the first time ever, the legal protection of the intangible MGR heritage belonging to indigenous peoples and local communities is going to be universally fixed by maritime law. The law will also establish a special mechanism to control the concerned parties’ access to this knowledge. The traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples falls within the definition of intangible cultural heritage. This fact raises a question about an overlap between the future Agreement and the Convention for the Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Though the sphere that is going to be regulated by the future Agreement is very specific, many of its provisions build upon the previously adopted international legal instruments like the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the IOC Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology. Moreover, the scope of the Agreement might overlap with the scope of other international instruments, which have nothing to do with marine law, marine ecology, and marine biodiversity, e.g. the Convention for the Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage. All the aforementioned aspects should trigger further studies of the legal framework of marine genetic and biological resources. The authors came to the conclusion to extend the concept of the common heritage of mankind to marine genetic resources and we found out the fact that the lack of international legal regulation of the extraction and use of marine genetic resources while securing facilitated access to them in accordance with the concept of the common heritage of mankind, which may lead to an increase in the commission of acts of biopiracy.Contributions: Following a review of the content, we raised possible problems, strategies, suggestions and guidelines for the marine genetic resources and biopiracy.The authors conclude that the implication of the principle of the common heritage of mankind to MGRs may further generate conflicts of law because it is impossible to imply this principle to the high seas. On top of it, the simplified access to MGRs together with the lack of protection of intellectual rights to MGRs and genetic information may result in the overexploitation of marine and oceanic resources as well as the spread of biopiracy. We also point out that it is necessary to find a balance between the freedoms of the high seas, the safeguard of MGRs, and the protection of intellectual property rights to genetic information or marine biotechnologies. The researches considered the distinction between the concepts of marine biological and marine genetic resources and revealed the problems of international legal regulation of the use of marine genetic resources. The authors conclude that generalization of the international legal framework for regulating the use of marine genetic resources needs legal improvement. The authors encourage the complement to the international legal regulation of the universal definition of marine genetic resources and biopiracy.

Urban conservation in the public eye: Evaluating the integrity achieved in the rehabilitation plan of Karim-Khan Zand Complex, Shiraz, Iran based on people’s perceptions

With the development of the concept of urban heritage and accepting the inherent dynamics of city, the heritage integrity has shifted from a static to a more dynamic concept, which accepts that physical changes can occur over time without negatively impacting heritage significance. This study focuses on the concept of dynamic integrity, its role in the scholarly discussion of urban heritage conservation, and its importance in practicing urban conservation. To achieve that, this paper evaluates the success of the Rehabilitation Plan of Karim-Khan Zand Complex, located in Shiraz, Iran based on public perceptions and collective memory. The main research questions revolve around whether the project has been successful in providing people with an integrated image of the historical condition of the complex as it was built in the 18th century; whether people acknowledge the changes and demolitions of the area done in the process of reconstructing the complex as its origin; and whether people’s collective memories of the complex were respected in the process. Mental mapping was used to measure the success of the project in strengthening structural integrity and semi-structured interviews were conducted to evaluate dynamic integrity. The results of this study show that people had memories and values associated with some of the contemporary architectural and urban features that were removed by practitioners to make the area look as it was in the 18th century. Also, despite demolishing buildings and urban features associated with people’s collective memory, people did not fully perceive the structural integrity proposed by the project. This research suggests that before any physical manipulation is begun to strengthen the structural integrity of the urban heritage, it is necessary to identify the values to which people feel connected, and engage a more dynamic approach toward the concept of integrity in the conservation of urban heritage. Collective memories of people encompass values of urban heritage, and if conserved properly, can ensure the continuity of heritage values over time.

Complicating difficult heritage and the politics of institutionalized memory in post-Accord Colombia

ABSTRACT The Colombian peace process with the insurgent group FARC-EP has been characterized by a lack of compliance and the politicization of peace and memory including the work of sites of memory and peace. Through complicating the European-focused concept of difficult heritage, this article presents the interventions of three museum curators and/or directors of the country’s key centralized memory and peace institutions: the Memory House Museum in Medellin, the Memory Centre for Peace and Reconciliation in Bogotá and the National Centre for Historical Memory in Bogotá. Based on interviews undertaken between late 2019 and early 2020, this article reveals how those in charge of these institutions negotiate the lines between the politicization of memory and the ‘alive memories’ of civil society, due to the ongoing conflict. Bringing together key debates on difficult heritage and Latin American memory studies, this article seeks to contribute to Southern understandings of critical heritage and museum studies.

Penerapan model connecting, organizing, reflecting, extending (CORE) untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep peninggalan sejarah kerajaan hindu-buddha dan islam pada peserta didik kelas IV

This research aims to improve understanding of the concept of historical heritage of<br />the Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia using the CORE model. This research<br />is a Classroom Action Research conducted in 2 cycles. The research subjects were students in<br />the 4th grade elementary school Sukoharjo numbering as many as 30 students. Data collection<br />techniques used were tests, documentation, interviews, and observations. The data analysis is<br />an interactive analysis model. the average value of understanding the concept before the<br />action (pre-cycle) was only 34.5%, then 59.5% in cycle 1, and 79.5% in cycle 2. Based on the<br />results of the study concluded that the CORE model can improve understanding of the concept<br />of historical heritage of the Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia in grade 4<br />students of elementary school Sukoharjo. <br /><br />

Socio-philosophical approach to the study of national consciousness

This article analyzes the features of the socio-philosophical approach of consciousness. National consciousness is considered as a complex set of social, philosophical, religious and characterizing a certain level of spiritual development of the nation. The peculiarities of the formation of national identity and the basis of its harmonious development and contradictions are clarified. In addition, the concept of cultural heritage is actualized as forming the consciousness of the nation and preserving ontological, gnosiological, social, ethical, aesthetic values. Comparison of the three concepts of the theory of consciousness has become a trend in modern science. These three concepts, which neuroscientists consider to be the most important, are viewed as a set of terms - consciousness - biological state of the brain, global perspective of the workspace and higher order. However, although each branch of science often considers the concept of consciousness at the level of the individual, in the end it is more interested in the problem of social consciousness. Therefore, over time, any society forms its own consciousness and determines its main directions, has become a recognized fact of science.

Revitalization of the Kuto Besak Fort in Palembang as an Indonesian Defense Heritage Asset

This research investigated the meaning of the revitalization process of colonial forts in Indonesia as defense heritage assets. This was a case study of the revitalization of Kuto Besak Fort in Palembang, South Sumatera. The researchers also analyzed the importance of studying defense heritage in defense diplomacy courses. The aim of this paper was to raise awareness about the defense heritage concept in Indonesia, as well as to create a framework that stakeholders could use to carry out the revitalization process. Qualitative methods were used through a literature review and examining references about the Kuto Besak revitalization process and Palembang history. Three theories were employed: the concept of defense heritage from Dr. Jeanne Francoise, defense diplomacy theory, and the revitalization definition from the Regional Revitalization Guidelines of the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works No.18/PRT/M/2010. It is hoped that this analysis can be used as an academic reference for the South Sumatera government to revitalize Kuto Besak fort, as well as to promote the idea of defense heritage in young people in Palembang, to increase their interest in the defense heritage values behind historical objects or buildings around them.
 Keywords: Indonesia, defense heritage, Kuto Besak fort, Palembang, South Sumatera, defense diplomacy, historical building, revitalization

The Case for a Digital World Heritage Label

Much of humanity’s most important digital heritage is under corporate control, which poses several threats to its longevity and authenticity. However, public institutions have little authority to intervene and preserve it, and their doing so is not always a desirable alternative. The goal of this article is to propose a mitigation of this dilemma. I do so in three steps. First, I introduce the concept of digital world heritage, which denotes digital artifacts with a value beyond their utility to any single individual or community. Second, I specify three ways commercial management threatens digital world heritage. Third, I argue that many of these threats may be mitigated by the introduction of a digital world heritage label. This proposal, I contend, does not interfere with the integrity of private data controllers since it does not involve the donation of data archives, yet it does support the longterm preservation of digital heritage.

Horse and rider: who will drive change in ethics and practices of globalised conservation on living heritage sites?

This article explores challenges that surround the implementation of conservation management strategies for living heritage in the context of two case study sites in India. Acknowledging that, in theory, ‘bottom-up’ strategies for expertise exist but are rarely constituted in practice, it presents two vivid but fragile examples where such possibilities might be observed. It first distinguishes the Indian Cultural Heritage context from many conventional conceptions of heritage, defined by its distance from the beholder. Vignettes illustrate how the complexity of simultaneous value systems and beliefs may confound precepts relating to the treatment of tangible heritage. A discussion of the role of the architect in drawing and model making in this context is promoted for the purpose of deeper documentation. It draws upon previous work, which has proposed the enhanced potential to record the ephemeral as well as the monumental using photogrammetry. Building on this, the role of 3D digital models has recently been suggested as a means to contribute to processes for mediating between contested conservation strategies. Challenges of heritage that is at risk of destruction from being overwhelmed by nature are separated from those associated with dereliction or, in this instance and most importantly, increased use. The two case studies, in north and south India – at Ajmer in Rajasthan and at Madurai in Tamil Nadu – are discussed in relation to other examples. These present the opportunity to consider in context how issues of the designation of value at a local or a global scale might relate to corresponding difficulties in terms of governance and control at local or global scales. It again emphasises the role and scope of deeper documentation for this purpose. In terms of safeguarding, it suggests that better means for deeper observation of existing practices of maintenance should specifically be incorporated in future work.

Capturing the Heritage of British Colonial School Building Through Measured Drawings in Malaysia

This research is to convey the analytical studies of the Pusat Latihan Polis (PULAPOL) Batu Lama School. This research aims to present detailed information of the endogenous influences, particularly during the British colonization era. PULAPOL was the first Police Training Centre in Malaysia. It is located at Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur. It was constructed in 1938. The structural system used for the school’s construction was load-bearing brick masonry. The objectives of the studies are to: a) Increase the understanding and appreciation of Architectural Heritage of the Muslim World, b) Learn the techniques of measured drawings of heritage buildings with the emphasis on the building construction, detailing, research and documentation of the historical aspects of the building and its development, c) Appreciate the total concept and richness of the architectural heritage as well as to be able to value the environment and to understand the socio-economic-cultural way of life of local inhabitants. In general, the methodology adopted for the study is divided into pre-fieldwork, fieldwork and post-fieldwork. Data collected from interviews, case studies, observations, and measurements of the building. The data obtained from various methods are documented in reports and measured drawing. In conclusion, these research findings provide the chronology and history of the PULAPOL Batu Lama School that is rich in its historical values, materials used, construction techniques and passive design techniques.