Method For Comparative Evaluation Research Articles

NUMERICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE LABORATORY TECHNIQUE FOR TESTING OF FIRE-EXTINGUISHING POWDERS

Improvement of firefighting means and methods for measuring their effectiveness are important tasks in the field of fire safety. The paper presents the results of experimental measurements of the minimum extinguishing concentration of powder mixtures that can be applied as effective explosion-suppressing barriers. Measurements of the minimum extinguishing concentration of the investigated powders were carried out using a laboratory method with their pulsed delivery to a microfire of class B using compressed air. In order to justify and assess possible errors of the mentioned laboratory method for measuring extinguishing efficiency, numerical 3D modeling of the interaction of a multiphase flow with a model combustion focus was performed. The analysis of the numerical modeling results has shown that, for the applied laboratory method, almost the entire portion of the investigated powder enters the combustion zone. Additionally, the numerical calculations indicate that under the specified experimental conditions, the particle size of the powder has no noticeable effect on their loss into the surrounding flame space. Thus, these results justified the use of the mentioned laboratory method for he comparative evaluation of fire-extinguishing powders with a wide range of dispersity. The application of this laboratory method for assessing the effectiveness of the fire-extinguishing powder allowed for the development of an optimal powder composition for explosion suppression, incorporating inert mineral particles as the main component and an additive of a chemically active potassium-containing combustion inhibitor.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ ЗЕРНОУБОРОЧНЫХ КОМБАЙНОВ НА ПОЧВУ С ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЕЙ ПО ДЛИНЕ ПРОХОДА

The intensive growth in the capacity of combine harvester bunkers observed in recent years is accompanied by an increase in their metal consumption and, accordingly, an increase in the pressure on the soil of the running systems of this equipment. established Significant excesses of the maximum pressure of combine wheels relative to the standard level were established by our previous studies. But, the lack of methods for comparative assessment of the impact of combine propulsion on the soil does not allow us to correctly select the most effective option for the soil conditions of specific agricultural enterprises. This publication proposes a method for comparative evaluation of combine harvesters of different classes, both in terms of pressure on the soil, which changes during the process of filling the bunker with grain, and in terms of the relative area of the field subject to compaction with different vertical loads. It was revealed that when filling the bunkers with grain, the increase in the maximum pressure on the soil of the driving wheels of the Don 1500B, Akros 550, KZS 3219 and Torum 780 combines will be 17, 43, 31 and 68 kPa, respectively, or 8.4, 19.4, 15.3 and 29.1%. With the permissible maximum pressure on the soil in the summer equal to 210 kPa, the areas of tracks of the specified combine harvesters with excess pressure will be 14.0, 24.0, 15.0 and 18.4% of the field area, respectively. In addition, the article provides a visual representation of the results of a comparative assessment of harvesting machines, including the intervals of maximum pressure of combine propellers at the beginning and at the end of filling the bunker with grain.

QUALITY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF EDUCATION OF THE FUTURE Zhumagulova A.

The system of education is considered as a key vector of economic development and social domain of the state. The article considers the main directions of development of educational systems in the world, the expansion of internationalisation and students and teachers’ academic mobility as the main factor of quality assurance in education. The study used methods of comparative analysis and evaluation of educational systems, which made it possible to identify common and specific features of higher education development in the future. The aim of the article is to review the main trends in ensuring the quality of education and to identify ways to develop educational services.

DIGITALIZATION OF LEGAL EDUCATION: COMPETENCIES, STANDARDS, EMPLOYERS' REQUESTS

The article is devoted to current issues of digitalization of legal education. Today, big changes are taking place aimed at modernizing the training of graduates in demand in society. Digitalization processes have a serious impact on the development of professions. Now new tools and technologies have appeared, but the key role of humans in personnel training is not denied. The article raises the question of the problems of digitalization of legal education, which, according to the authors, should take into account the characteristics of the legal profession as a profession of a socionomic type. When preparing a future lawyer, the authors believe, a reasonable compromise between digital and traditional technologies will make him competitive in the labor market. The article uses methods of collecting information, its transmission and exchange, as well as methods of comparative analysis and evaluation. The purpose of the article is to study the process of the influence of digital technologies on the training of lawyers and to identify modern approaches to training, developing competencies and obtaining the necessary skills to increase the competitiveness of graduates in the labor market.

Features of economic dynamics of the transition to new technologies in the creation of high-tech products in Russia

Subject. The article addresses the economic dynamics of the transition to new technologies when elaborating State scientific and technological programs and projects for high-tech product creation. Objectives. The focus is on the analysis and generalization of methods to underpin the optimal transition to new technologies given the specifics of economic dynamics at the stages of creating a scientific and technical reserve for promising high-tech products. Methods. The study employs modern methods of technology assessment and methods of solving optimization problems to justify optimal transition to new technologies. Results. The developed endogenous model of economic dynamics that considers stages of creating a scientific and technical reserve for promising high-tech products enabled to analyze and summarize methods for justifying the optimal transition to new technologies based on technical and economic assessment of the new technology effectiveness. The paper summarized classical methods of technical and economic assessment, classified methods of comparative evaluation of existing and new technology given the factors of uncertainty. We developed a method for comparative evaluation of options for joint use of existing and new technologies, devised an algorithm for selecting methods that takes into account the actual volume of initial data to determine the optimal transition to new technologies. Conclusions. The findings can be used to develop State scientific and technological programs and projects for various purposes high-tech product creation for defense and national security of the Russian Federation in the modern geopolitical and economic situation in the world.

Approaches to Evaluating the Quality Characteristics of Combined Infocommunication Services

Problem definition. Multi-access edge computing is a promising solution that can solve capacity and performance issues in legacy systems such as mobile cloud computing. Problems include core network congestion, high latency, poor quality of service, high utility cost of resources such as bandwidth and energy. The above problems arise due to the limited resources of mobile devices, when connecting with multiple hops between end users and the cloud, high load from resource-intensive and delay-critical applications. Methods used: comparative evaluation method. Novelty: Methods of task offloading in boundary computing systems with multiple access are analyzed. Three methods of task offloading for comparative analysis are proposed. Result: familiarization with the existing methods of task offloading, as well as identification of the most relevant from the presented ones. Practical significance: in the proposal of the most relevant method in the issue of task offloading in networks of boundary computation with multiple access.

Search for optimal shipping routes in the Arctic seas

A method for choosing optimal shipping routes and determining the conditions under which the Northern Sea Route can be used year-round is developed in the paper. The topic and purpose of the study are directly related to the tasks, the implementation of which is provided by the Development Plan of the Northern Sea Route, approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on August 1, 2022, confirmed by the financing program for the development and implementation of the digital board of the Northern Sea Route, approved by the Government in mid-January, 2023. The assessment of the current state of the network of shipping routes, navigation, hydrographic and hydro meteorological support, as well as the structure and composition of the Arctic icebreaker and transport fleet is given. The main factors affecting the implementation of the year-round navigation program in the eastern sector of the Arctic include severe ice conditions, unreliable forecasts of the ice situation, the lack of a sufficient number of icebreakers and transport vessels capable of overcoming thick ice fields in the Arctic shallow waters. Based on the results of the review of existing methods for determining safe and cost-effective shipping routes, the basic requirements for methods of choosing optimal routes in the waters of the Arctic seas have been developed. Using the method of multi-criteria evaluation of alternative routes according to a variety of safety criteria depending on the navigation period and the method of transport vessels navigation in ice is justified. A list of information necessary for implementation of the developed multi-criteria method for finding optimal routes and a list of the main stages of its implementation have been compiled. The results of testing the method of comparative evaluation of alternative routes using a set of simulation models are presented. Recommendations on the use of the developed method are given. The main directions of further research are determined.

Task Offloading methods in Multi-Access Edge Computing Systems

Problem definition. Multi-access edge computing is a promising solution that can solve capacity and performance issues in legacy systems such as mobile cloud computing. Problems include core network congestion, high latency, poor quality of service, high utility cost of resources such as bandwidth and energy. The above problems arise due to the limited resources of mobile devices, when connecting with multiple hops between end users and the cloud, high load from resource-intensive and delay-critical applications. Methods used: comparative evaluation method. Novelty: Methods of task offloading in boundary computing systems with multiple access are analyzed. Three methods of task offloading for comparative analysis are proposed. Result: familiarization with the existing methods of task offloading, as well as identification of the most relevant from the presented ones. Practical significance: in the proposal of the most relevant method in the issue of task offloading in networks of boundary computation with multiple access.

ACCREDITATION VECTOR - QUALITY OF EDUCATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

The system of education is considered as a key vector of economic development and social domain of the state. The article considers the main directions of development of educational systems in the world, the expansion of internationalisation and students and teachers’ academic mobility as the main factor of quality assurance in education. The study used methods of comparative analysis and evaluation of educational systems, which made it possible to identify common and specific features of higher education development in the future. The aim of the article is to review the main trends in ensuring the quality of education and to identify ways to develop educational services.

Comparative Analysis of Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment Systems from the USA (LEED–ND), Germany (DGNB–UD), and India (GRIHA–LD)

Neighborhood sustainability assessment systems support the planning of sustainable and resilient cities. This research analyses, compares, and evaluates three neighborhood sustainability assessment systems (NSA) of (i) the German Sustainable Building Council for Urban Districts (DGNB–UD), (ii) the USA Leadership in energy and environmental design for Neighborhood Development (LEED–ND), and (iii) the Indian Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment for Large Developments (GRIHA–LD). The theoretical background, certification types, process, and evaluation methods of the three NSAs are discussed. The qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis and evaluation methods of the NSAs included identifying and assessing ten weighted essential urban sustainability themes. Indicators under each theme were identified and compared in the NSAs. The comparison showed the importance of particular themes based on assigned weights. LEED–ND focuses on “transportation” and “site planning”, while DGNB–UD addresses all dimensions of sustainability in a balanced manner. GRIHA–LD has limitations concerning social, economic, and governance concerns. The research results define differences and similarities in international neighborhood sustainability assessment and illustrate the quality and quantity differences of sustainability and resilience aspects addressed by the three existing NSA systems as a starting basis for the future improvement of existing and development of new land sustainability and resilience assessment systems.

Baltijos šalių listinguojamų įmonių kapitalo struktūros sąsajų su vidiniais ir išoriniais veiksniais vertinimas ekonominio šoko metu

Capital structure’s formation and management decisions are one of the most important instruments to corporate financial management, enabling relevant business perspectives. The challenges of recent years and the increasing uncertainty in the economy make it necessary to assess how changes in capital structure are influenced by external and internal factors. Consequently, the purpose of the research is to evaluate the fluctuation trends in the capital structure of listed companies in the Baltic States and the correlation between the capital structure and internal and external factors. The object of the research is the financial data and correlation between the capital structure of listed companies in the Baltic States and external and internal factors. In order to achieve the research objective comparative, synthesis, regression, correlation and expert evaluation methods are applied. Furthermore, external financing of company investments generally decreased during the economic shock. Results of correlation analysis show that the capital structure of Baltic listed companies changes depending on the analysed period and the strongest impact on changes makes such internal factor as net profitability. On the basis of regression analysis it was determined that the leverage ratio was most affected by tax burden during the economic shock. This partly indicates that during the economic shock, the capital structure of Baltic listed companies was more influenced by external factors.

Mobile Health Self-management Support for Spinal Cord Injury: Systematic Literature Review

Self-management plays a critical role in maintaining and improving the health of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite their potential, existing mobile health (mHealth) self-management support (SMS) tools for SCI have not been comprehensively described in terms of their characteristics and approaches. It is important to have an overview of these tools to know how best to select, further develop, and improve them. The objective of this systematic literature review was to identify mHealth SMS tools for SCI and summarize their characteristics and approaches to offering SMS. A systematic review of the literature published between January 2010 and March 2022 was conducted across 8 bibliographic databases. The data synthesis was guided by the self-management task taxonomy by Corbin and Strauss, the self-management skill taxonomy by Lorig and Holman, and the Practical Reviews in Self-Management Support taxonomy. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standards guided the reporting. A total of 24 publications reporting on 19 mHealth SMS tools for SCI were included. These tools were introduced from 2015 onward and used various mHealth technologies and multimedia formats to provide SMS using 9 methods identified by the Practical Reviews in Self-Management Support taxonomy (eg, social support and lifestyle advice and support). The identified tools focused on common SCI self-management areas (eg, bowel, bladder, and pain management) and overlooked areas such as sexual dysfunction problems and environmental problems, including barriers in the built environment. Most tools (12/19, 63%) unexpectedly supported a single self-management task instead of all 3 tasks (ie, medical, role, and emotional management), and emotional management tasks had very little support. All self-management skills (eg, problem-solving, decision-making, and action planning) had coverage, but a single tool addressed resource use. The identified mHealth SMS tools were similar in terms of number, introduction period, geographical distribution, and technical sophistication compared with SMS tools for other chronic conditions. This systematic literature review provides one of the first descriptions of mHealth SMS tools for SCI in terms of their characteristics and approaches to offering SMS. This study's findings highlight a need for increased coverage of key SMS for SCI components; adopting comparable usability, user experience, and accessibility evaluation methods; and related research to provide more detailed reporting. Future research should consider other data sources such as app stores and technology-centric bibliographic databases to complement this compilation by identifying other possibly overlooked mHealth SMS tools. A consideration of this study's findings is expected to support the selection, development, and improvement of mHealth SMS tools for SCI.

Methods and tools of a construction cost management system at the pre-project lifecycle stage of a construction facility

Introduction. The cost of construction is the most important indicator of any investment and construction project which is subject to change at every stage of its lifecycle due to the influence of many internal and external factors. Creation of an effective integrated construction cost management system, which allows controlling changes in construction costs in the process of developing a construction facility, is relevant for all participants of investment and construction processes. Certain methods and tools are applied at every lifecycle stage of a construction facility; they solve construction cost management problems. At the stage of capital investment planning and preliminary design, the main task is to determine trustworthy construction costs and possible limits of their change, taking into account any risks and uncertainties. This task turns more complex due to the lack of initial data about the facility and tight deadlines. This article is focused on the system of methods and practical tools used to determine construction costs at the stages of capex planning and preliminary design of a construction facility.
 Materials and methods. In the course of the study, current construction cost calculation methods were analyzed. Methods of analysis, synthesis, expert and comparative evaluation were applied.
 Results. As a result of the analysis the main principles of this methodological approach and a set of practical tools were developed to find reliable construction costs.
 Conclusions. The proposed methods and practical construction cost management tools can be applied in the process of implementation of investment and construction projects of any complexity.

Evaluation of effluent treatment efficiency by fractal analysis

The paper proposes a comparative evaluation method of effluent treatment efficiency for different effluent treatment facilities using fractal analysis. The smallest value of the fractal dimension of the field of compass-diagrams of the multiplicity of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration (hereinafter - MPC) by pollutants of effluent is taken as an integral criterion of the effluent purification degree. Pharmaceutical industry enterprises purification method of modeled values of treatment systems effluent indicators has been tested.

A set of indicators, criteria and an algorithmic method of comparative evaluation of samples of imitation tools

A set of indicators, criteria and an algorithmic method of comparative evaluation of samples of imitation tools

Microcumulation at impact loading as a method of comparative evaluation of dynamic plasticity of metallic materials: Case of copper

A novel experimental laboratory technique for evaluating the ultimate dynamic plasticity of materials, under the conditions of cumulative jet flow and without using explosives, is described. To perform the microcumulative tests, miniature cylindrical specimens with conical pits were used. The dynamic loading of the specimens was performed using a gas gun with a striker accelerated up to speeds in the range of 600–800 m/s. The optimal specimen geometry and testing regimes, including the focal distance during microcumulation testing, were then determined. The flow speed of the microcumulative jet was found to be equal to its theoretical value calculated within the framework of the Lavrent'ev hydrodynamic theory. The novel technique was demonstrated to enable the study of the relationship between the initial specimen microstructure and the ultimate dynamic plasticity magnitude at the cumulative jet flow using high-purity copper as an example. The penetration depth of the cumulative microjet into a steel barrier was shown to depend on the parameters of the copper microstructure. A preliminary analysis of the effects of copper purity and processing regimes on the ultimate dynamic plasticity characteristics was performed.

Screening of cold hardiness-related indexes and establishment of a comprehensive evaluation method for grapevines (V. vinifera).

The goals of this work were to screen physiological and biochemical indexes to assess a set of V. vinifera germplasm resources, to compare evaluation methods for cold hardiness, and to establish a comprehensive method that can be used for more accurate screening for cold hardiness in V. vinifera. Four single methods were used to evaluate the cold hardiness of 20 germplasms resources and 18 physiological and biochemical indexes related to cold hardiness were determined. The LT50 values determined by electrical conductivity (EL), 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining (TTC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and recovery growth (RG) methods showed extremely significant positive correlation. Bound water content (BW), proline content (Pro), total soluble sugar content (TSS), malondialdehyde content (MDA), catalase content (CAT), and ascorbic acid content (ASA) exhibited significant correlation with LT50 values measured by different evaluation methods. The comprehensive cold hardiness index calculated by principal component analysis (PCA) combined with subordinate function (SF) was negatively correlated with LT50 values measured by different evaluation methods. Meili and Ecolly exhibited the highest cold hardiness, indicating their potential for use as parents for cold hardiness breeding. EL, DTA, TTC, and RG methods successfully distinguished cold hardiness among different V. vinifera germplasm lines. Measurements of BW, Pro, TSS, MDA, CAT, and ASA in dormant shoots also can be used as main physiological and biochemical indexes related to cold hardiness of V. vinifera. Comprehensive evaluation by PCA combined with SF can accurately screen cold hardiness in V. vinifera. This study provides a reference and accurate identification method for the selection of cold hardiness parents and the evaluation of cold hardiness of germplasm of V. vinifera.

Restoration of the Kyiv-Podil Pokrovska Church in the 1950s: Monumental Painting by Lidia Spaska

The purpose of the article is to find out the history of Lidia Spaska's painting during the restoration of the Kyiv-Podil Pokrovska Church in the 1950s, and its iconographic and stylistic features. The research methodology is based on the application of archival and bibliographic searches, which enabled finding and highlighting the unknown facts; iconographic and iconological methods, which made it possible to analyse the development of plots, and the method of comparative evaluation allows to clarify the peculiarities of the artist's approach to their interpretation. The scientific novelty consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of previously unknown materials about L. Spaska's participation in the restoration of the Kyiv-Podil Pokrovska Church in the 1950s; in the first attempt at an iconographic and iconological analysis of her monumental paintings in this restoration process. Conclusions. It has been established that Lidia Spaska was the author of the monumental painting of the Kyiv-Podil Pokrovska Church. The following works belonged to her brush: two compositions “The Entombment” and “The Resurrection” in half-domes; two wall paintings in the northern and southern arms – “Ascension of Virgin” and “Apparition of Virgin on Mount Pochaiv”; paintings of the drum of the central dome and elastic arches. These works have not survived in their original form to our time. The iconography of the images gives reason to believe that L. Spaska did not use fixed subjects, but on the basis of her knowledge and experience tried to interpret or adapt them to the wishes of the customer, as evidenced by their iconographic analysis. The compositions of all works are subordinated to the architectural space and are organically perceived in the general interior of the temple. In her painting, L. Spaska focused on the fine modeling of the face, giving it increased attention, while the clothes and the background were painted more generally; the figures are characterised by expressive silhouette and movement. Losses and later renewals of paintings do not allow us to draw general conclusions about the color and its features.
 Key words: Lidia Spaska, Kyiv-Podil Pokrovska Church, religious painting, Lamentation, Entombment, Resurrection, Apparition of the Virgin Mary.

Forecasting the technical efficiency of mobile workover rigs

Purpose. To propose a method of comparative evaluation of technical efficiency of mobile workover rig by the criterion of life cycle cost. Methodology. The proposed method is based on the determination of the specific discounted costs related to the technical condition of the machine, spent on a conventional unit of work performed. It combines economic and technical indicators that characterize the performance of the machine. This makes it possible to indirectly assess its technical efficiency. Procedures for obtaining and processing input information, analytical dependences for establishing the components of the mathematical model and its solution are shown. Findings. Using the proposed method, a comparison is performed of three conventional similar models of workover rigs, which are positioned as more reliable, and two which are less reliable and cheaper. Their indicators are formed as a weighted average based on the analysis of an array of statistical information. The obtained values were used to indirectly determine the specific discounted costs for the maintenance of rigs in working order for a period of time; the rigs are characterized by the indicator of technical efficiency. The comparison of these indicators for similar workover rigs is performed for such characteristic points as the moment of balancing of expenses, expenses for the forecasted period of operation, the periods of operation at which expenses are balanced. It is confirmed that usually the gain from the greater durability far exceeds the reduction of the economic effect of the rise in price of the machine. Originality. The proposed method for engineering forecasting of technical efficiency of technological machines using values of economic and technical indicators available to engineers of the petroleum industry. Practical value. This assessment is intended to objectively compare several analogue models and make a reasonable choice of a more efficient technological machine.

Recovering individual haplotypes and a contiguous genome assembly from pooled long-read sequencing of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

The assembly of divergent haplotypes using noisy long-read data presents a challenge to the reconstruction of haploid genome assemblies, due to overlapping distributions of technical sequencing error, intralocus genetic variation, and interlocus similarity within these data. Here, we present a comparative analysis of assembly algorithms representing overlap-layout-consensus, repeat graph, and de Bruijn graph methods. We examine how postprocessing strategies attempting to reduce redundant heterozygosity interact with the choice of initial assembly algorithm and ultimately produce a series of chromosome-level assemblies for an agricultural pest, the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). We compare evaluation methods and show that BUSCO analyses may overestimate haplotig removal processing in long-read draft genomes, in comparison to a k-mer method. We discuss the trade-offs inherent in assembly algorithm and curation choices and suggest that “best practice” is research question dependent. We demonstrate a link between allelic divergence and allele-derived contig redundancy in final genome assemblies and document the patterns of coding and noncoding diversity between redundant sequences. We also document a link between an excess of nonsynonymous polymorphism and haplotigs that are unresolved by assembly or postassembly algorithms. Finally, we discuss how this phenomenon may have relevance for the usage of noisy long-read genome assemblies in comparative genomics.