СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ ЗЕРНОУБОРОЧНЫХ КОМБАЙНОВ НА ПОЧВУ С ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЕЙ ПО ДЛИНЕ ПРОХОДА

Abstract

The intensive growth in the capacity of combine harvester bunkers observed in recent years is accompanied by an increase in their metal consumption and, accordingly, an increase in the pressure on the soil of the running systems of this equipment. established Significant excesses of the maximum pressure of combine wheels relative to the standard level were established by our previous studies. But, the lack of methods for comparative assessment of the impact of combine propulsion on the soil does not allow us to correctly select the most effective option for the soil conditions of specific agricultural enterprises. This publication proposes a method for comparative evaluation of combine harvesters of different classes, both in terms of pressure on the soil, which changes during the process of filling the bunker with grain, and in terms of the relative area of the field subject to compaction with different vertical loads. It was revealed that when filling the bunkers with grain, the increase in the maximum pressure on the soil of the driving wheels of the Don 1500B, Akros 550, KZS 3219 and Torum 780 combines will be 17, 43, 31 and 68 kPa, respectively, or 8.4, 19.4, 15.3 and 29.1%. With the permissible maximum pressure on the soil in the summer equal to 210 kPa, the areas of tracks of the specified combine harvesters with excess pressure will be 14.0, 24.0, 15.0 and 18.4% of the field area, respectively. In addition, the article provides a visual representation of the results of a comparative assessment of harvesting machines, including the intervals of maximum pressure of combine propellers at the beginning and at the end of filling the bunker with grain.