Features of economic dynamics of the transition to new technologies in the creation of high-tech products in Russia

Abstract

Subject. The article addresses the economic dynamics of the transition to new technologies when elaborating State scientific and technological programs and projects for high-tech product creation. Objectives. The focus is on the analysis and generalization of methods to underpin the optimal transition to new technologies given the specifics of economic dynamics at the stages of creating a scientific and technical reserve for promising high-tech products. Methods. The study employs modern methods of technology assessment and methods of solving optimization problems to justify optimal transition to new technologies. Results. The developed endogenous model of economic dynamics that considers stages of creating a scientific and technical reserve for promising high-tech products enabled to analyze and summarize methods for justifying the optimal transition to new technologies based on technical and economic assessment of the new technology effectiveness. The paper summarized classical methods of technical and economic assessment, classified methods of comparative evaluation of existing and new technology given the factors of uncertainty. We developed a method for comparative evaluation of options for joint use of existing and new technologies, devised an algorithm for selecting methods that takes into account the actual volume of initial data to determine the optimal transition to new technologies. Conclusions. The findings can be used to develop State scientific and technological programs and projects for various purposes high-tech product creation for defense and national security of the Russian Federation in the modern geopolitical and economic situation in the world.