Method For Comparative Evaluation Research Articles

Test Rig and Method for Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and Bio-Based Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants for Agricultural Transmissions

Test Rig and Method for Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and Bio-Based Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants for Agricultural Transmissions

Test Rig and Method for Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and Bio-Based Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants for Agricultural Transmissions

The use of lubricants and hydraulic fluids of both mineral and synthetic origin in agricultural processes could have a deep impact on the environment as a result of their possible dispersion in the ground and aquifers. Replacing them with bio-based fluids, developed to provide good tribological properties and high biodegradability, could contribute to reducing their negative effects. The evaluation of the capacity of such innovative fluids to replace the conventional ones is based on work cycles lasting as long as their lifetime, during which their characteristics must prove to be at least equal to those of the fluids they replace. To shorten the evaluation process, CREA (Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia Agraria) developed a fluid test rig (FTR) and related test method, able to apply severe work cycles on small oil volumes, thereby accelerating the aging of the fluid beyond what typically occurs. This paper reports the results of the tests on FTR’s functionality carried out comparing two UTTO (Universal Tractor Transmission Oil) fluids: a widespread conventional fluid and an experimental vegetable-based oil. The FTR will permit, in a relatively short time, the assessment of the most promising formulations to be tested later under real working conditions, e.g., in agricultural tractors, reducing the risk of damage, before their ultimate introduction into the operating reality.

Comparative evaluation methods for technologies in oilfield services

Comparative evaluation methods for technologies in oilfield services

PhageScore: A simple method for comparative evaluation of bacteriophages lytic activity

Nowadays, an increasing amount of studies indicate the numerous applications of bacteriophages (e.g. medical, pharmaceutical, use in animal breeding, food processing). However, so far, there is limited availability of simple, efficient, and sensitive methods for evaluation and comparison of the phage’s lytic activity against its host. The aim of this paper is the examination of a new methodological approach (PhageScore method) for the comparative evaluation of bacteriophages lytic activity against bacterial host. For this purpose, two model bacteria (gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli) were cultivated under control conditions and with the presence of proper bacteriophages (three kayviruses for S. aureus and three wildtypes of T4-like phages infecting E. coli) with the different initial multiplicity of infection (MOI, ranging from MOI = 0.1–1 for S. aureus, and MOI = 0.01–1 for E. coli). The experimental data were analyzed using the proposed method, which employed a set of appropriate mathematical expressions. The results obtained by the proposed procedure clearly show differences between phage lytic activity. Thus, the PhageScore method provides a useful tool for bacteriophage characterization, giving a precise rate of lytic activity which can be useful for a comparison between bacteriophages for selected purposes.

Comparative evaluation of dissolution profile of drug in its formulation by UV spectrophotometry

The aim of the research work was to develop a method for comparative evaluation of dissolution profile of two different brands of Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate drug in its formulations containing using UV Spectrophotometer. Simple, precise and accurate UV-spectrophotometric method was developed for Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate using optimized dissolution parameters like as 900mL of Phosphate buffer pH 6.8 as a dissolution medium and paddle (type II) apparatus at a stirring rate of 100 rpm. The drug release was evaluated by UV spectrophotometric method using 243.2nm as detection wavelength. Developed method obeyed Beer’s-Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 0.5-25 ?g/mL, with correlation coefficient value less than 1. The percent drug amount released estimated by proposed method was nearly 100%, found to be in good agreement with label claim of marketed tablet formulation. The proposed method were validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and found to be within limits. The proposed method can be adopted for routine quality control test for estimation of drug in formulation. Also the statistical data analysis of percent drug release of brand 1 and 2 were compared with preexisting dissolution data of literature by using F-test and t-test. Keywords: Teneligliptin hydrobromide, Spectrophotometric method.

Modern condition of venture capital market in Russia and in the world

Subject. The article reviews major trends in the global venture capital market for 2018. Objectives. The interrelated objectives of this study include identifying the categories of innovation that are of priority for investments, analyzing global trends in the venture capital market in Russia and in the world, considering the structure of investments in Russia by categories of investors and their activities. Methods. The study draws on methods of comparative evaluation and differentiated approach to analysis, analysis and synthesis of information collected in newspaper articles and earlier studies on the issue. Results. The findings show that in the Russian market, the most significant investment volumes are in the corporate sector. The segment of private clients is stagnating. The most popular categories for investing are business solutions, virtual and augmented reality, transport, marketplaces, logistics, finance, and medicine. Conclusions and Relevance. Investor activity has increased significantly as compared to the previous year. This points to further development of the venture capital market in Russia.

Modeling and study of the stress-strain state of the modular turning tools using numerical finite element method

The paper studies a comparative evaluation method for the modular cutting tools stress-strain state under the cutting forces loading with the help of the finite element numerical method. The method allows forecasting the modular cutting tool the position of the tip of the cutting edge with identification of the confidence bounds for its exploitation in compliance with its intended use and reference operating conditions. The conducted modeling describes the modular cutting tool structure as a ranked set of structural components, such as the frame, cutting insert, shim, etc., oriented towards a certain direction with some surfaces being contiguous and thus making contact interactions. The research examined different tool structural component layout options, including those equipped/not equipped with a shim, having a radial/tangential location type of cutting components. Regression models were obtained for calculating the total displacements of tips the cutting edges of the cutting inserts, as well as maximum equivalent stresses in the cutting inserts, depending on the attachment and cutting forces for various clamping patterns and positioning cutting plates in the form of linear polynomials. The authors developed recommendations for the most efficient application of the modular cutting tool structural component layout options under specific production conditions.

Semisupervised Deep State-Space Model for Plant Growth Modeling.

The optimal control of sugar content and its associated technology is important for producing high-quality crops more stably and efficiently. Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) indicates a desirable action depending on the type of situation based on trial-and-error calculations conducted by an environmental model. In this paper, we address plant growth modeling as an environmental model for the optimal control of sugar content. In the growth process, fruiting plants generate sugar depending on their state and evolve via various external stimuli; however, sugar content data are sparse because appropriate remote sensing technology is yet to be developed, and thus, sugar content is measured manually. We propose a semisupervised deep state-space model (SDSSM) where semisupervised learning is introduced into a sequential deep generative model. SDSSM achieves a high generalization performance by optimizing the parameters while inferring unobserved data and using training data efficiently, even if some categories of training data are sparse. We designed an appropriate model combined with model-based RL for the optimal control of sugar content using SDSSM for plant growth modeling. We evaluated the performance of SDSSM using tomato greenhouse cultivation data and applied cross-validation to the comparative evaluation method. The SDSSM was trained using approximately 500 sugar content data of appropriately inferred plant states and reduced the mean absolute error by approximately 38% compared with other supervised learning algorithms. The results demonstrate that SDSSM has good potential to estimate time-series sugar content variation and validate uncertainty for the optimal control of high-quality fruit cultivation using model-based RL.

Development of magnetically separable mesoporous N doped TiO2-SiO2 coated Fe3O4 nanomaterial as solar photocatalyst for environmental application

Present paper deals with the synthesis of visible light sensitive, easily separable mesoporous magnetic titania material having Fe3O4 in the core as solar photocatalyst. Core Fe3O4 was synthesized by two different methods for comparative evaluation. Top titania layer was found to be mesoporous thus providing more active sites. Synthesized materials were characterized by UV–vis, XPS, XRD, TEM and Raman. Core Fe3O4 prepared from Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts showed higher magnetic moment having nanosized particles. On the other hand, the hydrazine method resulted in the formation of tubular iron oxide having low magnetic moment. XRD and Raman spectra support the formation of porous anatase phase on the top and below SiO2 layer properly shielded magnetic core. The final magnetic moment of 7.8 emu in case of iron oxide obtained from Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts indicates that the magnetic separation by applying an external magnetic field is easy. Nitrogen doping of top titania layer increases the visible light absorption and photocatalytic efficiency. Comparative evaluation towards the photocatalytic decomposition of para-nitrophenol and methylene blue was carried out to observe the effect of N doping. The synthesized material is found to be stable and reusable for at least five times without any marked change in the catalytic activity and magnetic moment. Synergistic effect of mesoporosity, presence of oxygen vacancy and N doping on titania facilitates the higher rate of MB and p-NP degradation under visible light.

To the determination of the economic efficiency of ore mining technologies

The article describes a method of comparative economic evaluation of technologies or options for the development of mineral deposits by underground mining, which, according to the mining and geological conditions, under these conditions may be alternative. It is shown that in modern conditions of changing technological structures, the hardening of the real economy involves the development of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of industrial technologies on a competitive basis. Definitions of terms and concepts in mining practice are given. As a criterion for evaluating the economic efficiency of the compared development systems, traditionally accepted is the magnitude of the conditional profit from mining and processing of ores in all areas of mining. The concepts of conditionally variable reduced costs are clarified. An algorithm for calculating the conditional profit for the technologies used for the extraction and processing of ores and the determination of them economically optimal is given. The technology indicators necessary for minimization of economic consequences from ore losses at the considered technology are determined. The approach to the definition of equivalent economic relations between indicators of the developed area is formulated. The conclusion is made about the feasibility of using the proposed methodology for the assessment of technology in order to optimize technological solutions at the design stage of a field for development with economic effect.

Penerapan Identifikasi Bahaya dan Manajemen Resiko Keselamatan di Bandar Udara Supadio - Pontianak

Safety and Security in Airports flight something that should not be ignored. To anticipate a situation that allows the occurrence of accident and incident, the airport operator and all units of the organization that is the environment of the airport should be able to identify hazards I problems based on events that never happened. The survey was conducted in Supadio Airport towards the application of hazard identification and safety risk management, using the method of comparative analysis and evaluation to make mengukuran of 13 variables. Based on measurements of 13 variables, obtained by 3 variables included in the criteria can not be accepted on condition that there is, namely a foreign object variable that has the potential to cause damage to the aircraft (foreign object damage 4.B), the variable things that can disrupt flights (obstacle 4.B), and variable in Apron vehicles (vehicle in Apron 5.C). Two criterion variables risk control/ mitigation requires a management decision that is, variable Noise (noise 5), and variable Security Issues (security issues. 2A). This value indicates that the 3 variables are included that are essential for risk reduction targets.Keywords: Airports, Safety Management System, hazard identification, safety risk

Methodological approaches to the comparative assessment of commercial banks

In the article the basic methodological aspects and the results of approbation of alternative methods of complex comparative evaluation of reliability level of commercial banks are considered through the example of subjects of the banking sector in the Vologda region. On the one hand, the reliability of a commercial bank is the key criterion of soundness of banking system in general, and on the other, the foundation for a bank formation today and its prosperity in future. Consequently, in the current ambiguous financial conditions characterized by tough competition between credit-financial institutions a question of study and improvement of evaluation methods of the reliability of a commercial bank rises. . Study purpose: The purpose of this study is the introduction of the basic methodological aspects and the results of approbation of alternative methods of complex comparative evaluation of a reliability level of commercial banks through the example of subjects of the banking sector in the Vologda region. Materials and methods: the study was carried out based on building of the mathematical model, consisting of financial indexes, to each of which a relative share was assigned by expertise, and the following rating; multidimensional complex comparative evaluation; cluster allocation. The starting data for these studies was the 30 credit organizations reference book published in the official website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Results: According to the received results the different approaches to making ratings of credit organizations used by us gave similar outcomes. This fact indicated the high degree of adequateness of the methods. For the objective evaluation we suggested and tested different methodological approaches to making ratings according to such qualitative characteristic of a commercial bank as reliability. In our study we used: the mathematical model consisting of financial indexes to each of which a relative share was assigned by expertise, and the following rating; multidimensional complex comparative evaluation; cluster allocation. That allowed, firstly, doing comparative evaluation of reliability while making rating, secondly, ranging banks by different problem blocks, thirdly, classifying the objects of the study according to their financial characteristics, fourthly, defining the main factors influencing the ranging of banks. The received results of methods approbation are the additional information to the ratings published by the leading rating agencies and the Bank of Russia which allows reasonably making decisions by choosing the best possible reliable credit organization. Conclusion: According to the studies the sizes of a commercial bank not always prove its stability, liquidity and operating efficiency. Analyzing the ratings of credit organizations by an absolute index we came to the conclusion that it was not enough to take into consideration only the volumes of activity of an organization though it is of no small importance. Therefore, in order to receive a realistic rating it is necessary to use different methods which will complement one another and give more definite result of a set task.

An economic evaluation of adaptation pathways in coastal mega cities: An illustration for Los Angeles

Sea level rise and uncertainty in its projections pose a major challenge to flood risk management and adaptation investments in coastal mega cities. This study presents a comparative economic evaluation method for flood adaptation measures, which couples a cost–benefit analysis with the concept of adaptation pathways. Our approach accounts for uncertainty in sea level rise projections by allowing for flexibility of adaptation strategies over time. Our method is illustrated for Los Angeles County which is vulnerable to flooding and sea level rise. Results for different sea level rise scenarios show that applying adaptation pathways can result in higher economic efficiency (up to 10%) than individual adaptation strategies, despite the loss of efficiency at the initial strategy. However, we identified ‘investment tipping points’, after which a transition could decrease the economic efficiencies of a pathway significantly. Overall, we recommend that studies evaluating adaptation strategies should integrate cost–benefit analysis frameworks with adaptation pathways since this allows for better informing decision makers about the robustness and economic desirability of their investment choices.

Stability evaluation of H3N2 influenza split vaccine in drying process for solidification

Currently, most vaccines have been manufactured in liquid forms that are needed a cold-chain system. However, this system does not guarantee the stability of vaccines always and requires a high cost. Although solidification of vaccine can be alternative, vaccine stability is a problem. Recently, influenza vaccine delivery using microneedle formulation has been studied extensively. Moreover, the stability of the vaccine can be improved since the vaccine is solid form in the microneedle. Therefore, the aim of this study is to screen the suitable stabilizer in the drying process and to compare evaluation methods for H3N2 split vaccine stability. Dried vaccine samples were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and circular dichroism (CD). Fructose provided stability to the vaccine during the drying process by ELISA (91.1 ± 8.9%) and SDS-PAGE (about 65%). Trehalose was rated as providing stability to the vaccine when evaluated with ELISA and SDS-PAGE but was not when evaluated with CD. The stability of the vaccine should be finally determined by comprehensively evaluating the structure and antigenicity of various proteins.

Comparative evaluation of global low-carbon urban transport

Given increasing concern about climate change, the trend toward low-carbon urban transport development has global appeal. The evaluation of low-carbon urban transport is a prerequisite for a transition toward low-carbon urban transport. However, most of the existing research focuses only on the absolute evaluation of urban transport CO2 emissions, which do not represent the level of low-carbon urban transport. In addition, an absolute evaluation is not comparable across different cities over time because it ignores the effects of urban heterogeneity. Therefore, this paper develops a comparative evaluation method that considers the effects of urban population scale, population density and economic development. A benchmark model of per capita CO2 emissions for different cities with different properties is established based on the relationships between urban population scale, population density, and economic development. Then, a comparative evaluation index is derived from the benchmark model to independently evaluate the effects of policy factors, which may reflect the level of low-carbon urban transport. As a result, cities with low-carbon urban transport can be identified. Furthermore, four urban transport transition types are identified: stable high-carbon transitions, stable low-carbon transitions, low-carbon transitions, and high-carbon transitions. These methods are applied to 180 cities worldwide to verify their effectiveness. This is the first time that 180 global cities have been compared using a unified and quantitative evaluation index of low-carbon urban transport.

Unconstrained Shape Optimisation of a Lightweight Side Door Reinforcing Crossbar for Passenger Vehicles Using a Comparative Evaluation Method

This paper presents an efficient and extensive exploratory search for lightweight side-door intrusion-bar assembly design concepts using the approach previously developed by the author. The study aimed to discover latent dependence or other relationships between the geometry based design input parameters and the performance objectives (strength and lightweight) to identify the best engineering concept designs. The utilisation of the adopted approach and the extended substructures in particular, allowed for more than 2.6 times more design alternatives to be explored in the same time frame, which significantly increased necessary confidence in the acquired discoveries since a priori hypothesis about factors or patterns of input parameters was absent. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to discover any potential and latent relationships, and the effects significance plots were utilised to deduce the best settings for each parameter and construct a generalised preferred shape.

Unique Features of Asset Securitization of Europe and Japan

Asset securitization practices are almost non-existent in the activities of financial institutions of Uzbekistan. The article explores theoretical and practical approaches to asset securitization. It analyzes asset securitization of Europe and Japan using comparative evaluation, scientific abstraction and systematic review methods. The problem areas were studied and conclusions made on them. Several solutions have been proposed to introduce asset securitization processes in Uzbekistan.

The Validity, Generalizability and Feasibility of Summative Evaluation Methods in Visual Analytics

Many evaluation methods have been used to assess the usefulness of Visual Analytics (VA) solutions. These methods stem from a variety of origins with different assumptions and goals, which cause confusion about their proofing capabilities. Moreover, the lack of discussion about the evaluation processes may limit our potential to develop new evaluation methods specialized for VA. In this paper, we present an analysis of evaluation methods that have been used to summatively evaluate VA solutions. We provide a survey and taxonomy of the evaluation methods that have appeared in the VAST literature in the past two years. We then analyze these methods in terms of validity and generalizability of their findings, as well as the feasibility of using them. We propose a new metric called summative quality to compare evaluation methods according to their ability to prove usefulness, and make recommendations for selecting evaluation methods based on their summative quality in the VA domain.

Comparative evaluation of life span in individuals with occupational diseases: methodic approaches

The authors specified a method of comparative evaluation of life span for individuals with occupational diseases and general population of corresponding age and sex. The method was tested on materials of database from Rostov regionalOccupational Pathology center. Comparative analysis covered age and death causes in 8082 coal miners with confirmed occupational disease, who died during subsequent 26 years (01/01/1990–31/12/2015), and data on male population mortality in Rostov region over the same period. The method specified helped to define that life span in the miners with occupational disease is shorter by 2.9 years vs. that in general male population of the same age.Total share of death with diseases considered occupational or occupationally conditioned in miners equaled 93.3% in the main group, and the share of other causes is less than 7% vs. 33.4% in the general male population of Rostov region.Testing of the suggested methodic approach proves that it can be applied for comparative evaluation of life span and structure of mortality causes in individuals with occupational diseases in various regions of the country, for various occupational groups or certain entities (nosology types) in occupational pathology.

Basic concepts of a method for comparative evaluation of technical level of unified space platforms

Basic concepts of a method for comparative evaluation of technical level of unified space platforms