The purpose of this study is to explore the integration of guzheng performance and music aesthetics, and to reveal the unique status and value of guzheng art in modern music aesthetics. Through the method of literature analysis and theoretical discussion, this study first sorted out the historical development of guzheng performing art, and analyzed its aesthetic characteristics and evolution process in different historical periods. Then, the research deeply discusses the basic principles of music aesthetics, including formal beauty, emotional expression, cultural connotation and so on, combined with the specific practice of guzheng performance, analyzes its embodiment and application in music aesthetics. In the process of research, through the aesthetic analysis of the classical works of guzheng, it reveals the unique expression of guzheng music in the aspects of sound beauty, structural beauty and emotional beauty, and discusses how these aesthetic characteristics can be conveyed and sublimated through the performance art. The results show that the performance of guzheng is the display of musical skills, and the concrete practice and embodiment of the principles of musical aesthetics. Through its unique timbre, playing techniques and cultural connotation, guzheng music shows rich aesthetic value and can occupy an important position in the modern music aesthetic system. The research also points out that the aesthetic value of the performance art of guzheng lies in the inheritance of its traditional culture, and in its innovative application in modern music creation and performance. Through the integration of guzheng performance and music aesthetic principles, this study provides a new perspective and method for the theoretical research of guzheng art, and also provides theoretical support for the development and innovation of guzheng performing art.