Change Of Government Research Articles

행정구역 획정원리로서의 공유수면 매립지 경계획정 원리에 관한 일고찰

Interest in the reorganization of administrative districts is increasing due to the plan to promote the incorporation of Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do into Seoul Special City, triggered by the leader of the ruling party at the time in October 2023. Changes in the metropolitan local governments to which a basic local government belongs may lead to conflicts of interest between metropolitan local governments so it is highly likely that this situation will not be easily resolved depending on the political situation and will ultimately depend on judicial judgment. Under these circumstances, the confirmation of the constitutional discipline related to the delimitation of administrative districts is worth sufficient consideration from a practical aspect beyond simple theoretical interest.
 As part of the basic process for this work, it is meaningful to examine the position of the Constitutional Court on the demarcation of administrative districts for newly reclaimed lands, where multiple decisions were made in the form of competence dispute adjudication, along with the review on the legal system related to administrative district demarcation. In particular, this study reviews the Constitutional Court’s decision[Constitutional Court 2019.4.11. 2015 Heonra 2] which changed the precedent of considering the maritime boundary of public waters as the boundary of the newly reclaimed lands and demands comprehensive consideration of all circumstances based on the principle of equity. Through this study the legitimacy of the Constitutional Court's position of actively considering the purpose of reclamation and the status of the reclamation entity was confirmed, and the issue of jurisdiction over public waters remaining after reclamation and whether acquisition of prescription for the reclaimed land was also reviewed.
 In conclusion, this study can fully accept the Constitutional Court's position of pursuing equity by reviewing all circumstances related to the demarcation of administrative districts for newly reclaimed lands, but it raises some questions about conceptualizing this as a “principle of equity” and confirms that further discussion is necessary.

TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL : MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK MELALUI PENERAPAN E – GOVERNMENT DI KANTOR KECAMATAN JABUNG KABUPATEN MALANG

A sub-district is an administrative regional unit in Indonesia which is under the auspices of a district or city. An sub-district head heads the sub-district and divides it into several sub-districts or villages. The implementation of regional autonomyn policies has encouraged changes in the general structure of regional government, including structural, functional and cultural changes. One of the most influential changes relates to the position, authority, duties and responsibilities of a sub-district head. Along with technological advances and referring to Presidential Instruction no. 3 of 2003, E-Government was implemented to ensure the integration of electronic document and information management and processing systems. The focus is on developing a transparent public service system. Jabung District consists of 15 villages and has a population of 78,031 people with a male population of 39,873 while a female population of 38,158 people. This research aims to find out how E-Government is implemented and public service innovations in the Jabung District Office. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of E-Government and public service innovation in the Jabung District Office has been running well and in accordance with applicable Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). In implementing E-Government at the Jabung District Office, there are also several things that often make people confused in managing administrative needs, such as the absence of information regarding changes to forms or policies related to direct electronic based government administration or clear information via print or electronic media. so it can be said that it is still not optimal.

An Evolutionary Game Study on Green Technology Innovation of Coal Power Firms under the Dual-Regulatory System

The transformation of Chinese coal power firms is crucial for achieving carbon emission reduction (CER) goals, and promoting green technology innovation (GTI) is the key for the achievement. To examine the interactive mechanism of central and local government regulatory behavior and coal power firms’ GTI behavior under China’s dual-regulatory system, this paper introduces environmental impact coefficients and develops a tripartite evolutionary game model (EGM) from the perspective of CER. The influencing factors and interactive relationships among them are analyzed. Additionally, through numerical simulation, the impacts of changes in central and local government S&P (subsidies and penalties) on the evolution of the system are also obtained. The findings indicate the following: (1) Enhancing the initial willingness can accelerate the system’s attainment of an optimal state. The local government exhibits a slower pace of evolution. Coal power firms are more sensitive to changes in the initial willingness of the central government. (2) The local government is more sensitive to changes in the central government’s S&P intensity rather than changes in the central government’s initial willingness. Low levels of central government S&P and high penalties are ineffective, while high subsidies can lead to a sudden decrease in the local government’s willingness. (3) Local government penalties have a positive correlation with their effectiveness in promoting GTI, whereas high subsidies are ineffective. (4) The separate implementation of subsidies or penalties by either the central or the local government is detrimental to achieving the optimal state. Such an approach renders the fluctuant or negative behavior of the local government and coal power firms.

Research on the Effects of "Belt and Road" Port Investments and Political Risks of Political Parties A Case Study of the Port of Piraeus

Under the promotion of the "Belt and Road" initiative, Chinese enterprises have actively engaged in overseas port investments. During the investment process, Chinese enterprises have encountered party resistance and changes in government. Therefore, the effective response to political risks of political parties directly influences the success or failure of port investments. This paper takes the Port of Piraeus as a case study, first outlining the project's timeline and content and analyzing the investment effects. Subsequently, it expounds on political risks of political parties associated with the project. Finally, it proposes measures to address political risks of political parties, providing insights for China's overseas port investments.

ECOWAS and the challenge of preventing a resurgence of coups d’état in West Africa: An assessment of the ‘Zero Tolerance’ policy

ABSTRACT Since the adoption of the Abuja Declaration of Political Principles (1991) and the Supplementary Protocol on Democracy and Good Governance (2001) by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the regional organisation has declared ‘zero tolerance’ for unconstitutional changes of government, particularly military coups d’état. Despite these declarations, West Africa has continued to experience coups, with a resurgence in the number of these since 2020. This article examines ECOWAS' structures and strategies designed to work against such a resurgence of coups in the region. The article demonstrates that ECOWAS has advanced both diplomatic and non-diplomatic measures to respond to the phenomenon. However, while the regional body has appeared proactive in responding to the coups, it has appeared to have little success thus far; a mix of domestic, regional and international geopolitical factors – which the regional body has failed to address – continues to undermine political stability in the region.

Analysis of the 2024 Taiwan Presidential Election

In the 2024 Taiwan presidential election, Lai Ching-te, the ruling Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) candidate calling for the continuation of the Tsai Ing-wen administration’s line, won the election, while the DPP lost its majority in the legislative elections held at the same time. The opposition Kuomintang (KMT) became the leading party in the Legislative Yuan, and the third largest party, the Taiwan People’s Party (TPP), although a small party, held the casting vote. The election campaign revolved around the pros and cons of “change in government,” and the DPP, already in power for eight years, had an uphill battle. In the end, however, neither of the opposition parties was able to raise expectations higher than those of the DPP. For the next four years, Taiwan’s political landscape is now under a “divided government,” with the Executive Yuan led by the ruling party but the Legislative Yuan dominated by the opposition parties. This situation shows a fine balancing act, but it could also lead to a paralysis of Taiwanese politics. The election results carry a degree of uncertainty.

Ronald Gostick, the Canadian Intelligence Service, and the “Paranoid Style” in Postwar Canada

ABSTRACT This article examines the activities of Ronald Gostick who, in the 1950s and 1960s, was Canada’s leading far-right conspiracy theorist. While active for more than half a century, Gostick rose to prominence in the postwar period, years of great changes in Canadian politics, government, society, and culture. At the far right of political opinion, Gostick had much to say and write about these developments, which he traced to a vast Jewish-led conspiracy to destroy Canadians’ individual freedom and, ultimately, Canada’s supposed Christian heritage. Gostick’s views epitomized what American historian Richard Hofstadter labeled a “paranoid style,” an outlook rooted in conspiracism. What is evident from this study of Gostick’s ideas and activism is that in several areas his extremism differed little from more respectable viewpoints, signifying that the separation between fringe and mainstream opinion is often only a few degrees of difference.

The anatomy of crises in Sub- Saharan Africa economic underdevelopment: A literature review

Political upheaval, economic crisis, corruption and food insecurity are the bane for economic underdevelopment in sub–Saharan Africa; these have caused many lives to face some difficulties and to witness unpalatable experiences. This paper looked into this issue and brought out some factors that likely aggravate the difficulties, crises and insecurity in sub–Saharan Africa especially. A few internal factors that contribute to food insecurity include poor leadership, conflict and subconscious of political administration. It is believed that outside factors contributed in a subtle, occasionally overt manner to the solution of the issue. This paper explained how political crisis, economic crisis, insecurity and food insecurity as a bane of economic underdevelopment of the sub-Saharan African country. The political crisis ranges from an underdeveloped political system, frequent changes in government, political instability, frequent change in government policies, abandonment of economic programs, and banditry and pirate activities at sea. Economic crises such as inflation, debt servicing, bogus foreign exchange regime, infrastructural decay, wrong economic policies are part of the bane of underdevelopment in sub-Saharan Africa. While on Food insecurity, drought, pest and diseases, pandemic outbreak (COVID19), Ukraine crisis/war, storage inadequacy, and seasonality of produce was part of the predicament that hinders development in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, suggestions were made to improve both the political and economic issues regarding food security and the development of sub-Saharan Africa.

The Construction of the Revolutionary Year of 1917: The First Russian Sulphate Pulp Plant

During the First World War in Russia, along with mobilization and evacuation, the construction of industrial enterprises was carried out. The study of this problem will allow us to understand how decisions were made on the construction of new production facilities in the deteriorating socio-economic situation, how the construction was carried out and how it depended on the course of the revolutionary process in the country. Using the example of the joint-stock company of the Nikolay-Pavdinsky mountain district, it is shown how the project of constructing the country’s first sulphate pulp plant was implemented in the Northern Urals. The development of the forest industry in the mountainous district began at the beginning of the 20th century, on the eve of the First World War, a paper mill was built near the Lyalya station, its expansion was planned for several years. The stimulating factor was also the growth of the needs of the population and industry for paper due to the loss of a number of western regions of the empire. The receipt by the joint-stock company of solid revenue in the 1915/1916 operating year allowed it to begin the practical implementation of the project, hoping to put the enterprise into operation in 1918. In the spring of 1917, the firm “A. V. Bolotnikov & Co” began its construction. It was revealed that sometimes conflict situations arose between the contractor and the management of the mountain district. A positive role in their solution was played by the experience of A. V. Bolotnikov and the actions of the district leaders. In autumn, most of the construction work was completed, but the change of government, the sharp deterioration of the transport and financial situation did not allow the company to be equipped.

The Impact of Political Instability on Economic Growth: A Comparative Study Between Gujarat and Bihar From 2010-2020

This research paper investigates the impact of political stability on economic growth by comparing the two Indian states of Gujarat and Bihar from 2010 to 2020. The state of Gujarat is renowned for its advanced infrastructure and business-friendly policies, which have led it to become a major economic hub for India. Conversely Bihar has faced frequent government changes and widespread corruption, hampering its economic development. This study examines the governance models and consequent economic outcomes of both states. The research findings indicate how consistent governance in Gujarat has fostered investment and sustained economic development, while political instability in Bihar has deteriorated economic development. Additionally, international examples such as Singapore's stable political environment and Venezuela's monetary instability were also investigated to provide a broader context for understanding the relationship between political stability and economic growth.

Exploring the Guerrilla Warfare of the National Government Navy Behind Enemy Lines in the Yangtze River Basin during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

Abstract The guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines of the national government is still a weak link in the study of the history of the war of resistance, and the naval guerrilla warfare on the Yangtze River is even less specifically discussed. This paper first analyzes the change in the national government’s naval operational thinking after the July 7 Incident and up to the Battle of Wuhan and divides the naval operations in the Yangtze River Basin during the period of total war of resistance into four stages. Then, combined with the ontology theory and taking various archives, museums, libraries, and memorial halls as sources, after fusing heterogeneous data, it adopts the relevant writings, notes, diaries, speeches, photographs, objects of the Navy’s Yangtze River Resistance as well as the results of the archive compilation formed later to construct the Navy’s Yangtze River Resistance Archives Knowledge Graph Model. After the reasoning and searching of the knowledge map, it is concluded that in 1938 and 1940, the Yangtze River Bray Guerrilla Group killed 950 and 3020 enemies, respectively, destroyed 20,400 tons and 118,400 tons of warships, strongly supported the Battle of Wuhan and two Battles of Xiangbei, and prevented the Japanese army from invading to the west along the river, and in 1940, it destroyed the Japanese large-scale transports and merchant ships of a total of 58,700 tons, which dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese army on the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River. Heavy blows to the Japanese water transport capacity of the Yangtze River delayed its front and rear troops, weapons, supplies, and transportation plans so that its ability to expand received a major limitation, unable to continue the attack on the Yangtze River west of Wuhan, to defend the safety of Chongqing and Sichuan. This paper makes up for the research gaps in the history of the National Government’s naval resistance and the history of guerrilla battles in the Bray of the Yangtze River Basin and provides a useful exploration of the combination of resistance history research and information technology.

마이스터고 정책의 제도적 변화 분석: 역사적 제도주의 관점을 중심으로

This study analyzed the trajectory of policy change in Meister High School from a historical institutionalism perspective. Through this analysis, the causes for the continuity of Meister High School policy as part of the secondary vocational education system, regardless of changes in government, and the internal catalysts for change were examined from a historical perspective.
 The key findings of the study, summarized using the perspective of historical institutionalism and commonly used terms in this discourse, are as follows. First, the Meister High School policy emerged by highlighting the differentiation point of "Meister" while maintaining existing elements of the secondary vocational education system. Second, the Meister High School policy relied on the performance indicator of employment rates during the preparatory and implementation stages, forming path dependence. Various pre-existing policy elements combined institutionally to form a layering effect in the path formation. Third, the policy drifted due to unintended consequences such as negative public discourse on fair access for youth, negative perceptions of employment upon high school graduation, and issues related to early employment and working conditions, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on industries and educational settings.
 In summary, the Meister High School policy is undergoing a gradual transformation, and has the uniqueness of attempting issue framing by the same minister in different periods of government. As an actor, the Minister of Education sought to dominate and frame the agenda of vocational education, but the influence varied depending on the timing and context in which the policy was situated. Based on the research findings, implications for the Meister High School policy are derived, and suggestions for the institutional aspects of the development of Meister High School are provided.

지역단위 지속가능발전 추진 실태 진단: 충남 13개 시·군을 대상으로

This study aims to assess the state of implementation of institutionalization related to regional sustainable development from the perspectives of sustainable development and cooperative governance. To this end, we surveyed 13 cities and counties in Chungnam-do, examining relevant ordinances, implementation systems such as means and foundations, and the status of sustainable development councils, and conducted in-depth interviews with key activists to understand the current situation at close range. The research findings reveal, first, that many ordinances lack explicit provisions regarding the effectiveness and certain key clauses. Second, none of the cities and counties have properly established implementation systems, including means and infrastructure, for sustainable development. Third, the sustainable development conferences, which are practically leading regional sustainable development, face significant challenges in terms of human resources, budget, and fulfilling their designated functions and roles. Taken together, we find that the institutionalization of sustainable development is weak and the enabling environment is very poor. A lack of awareness and will to act by local governments is cited as a key cause. In this regard, the study suggests strengthening the private sector as a social pressure measure to stimulate local government change and innovation, and proposes to put it on the agenda.

Kudeta Dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional

Introduction: Article 33 paragraph (1), 52 of the United Nations Charter and Article 2 paragraph 2 letter (f) of the ASEAN Charter provide space for International Law to be involved in efforts to resolve Dispute Problems (Coup) by using an approach to protecting human rights that involves a State but in fact until now International Law has never participated in efforts to resolve the Government Conflict which was taken through the Coup on the State of Myanmar.Purposes of the Research:To examine or analyze the coup in the perspective of International Law and to examine and discuss the legitimacy or legality of government through a coup.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical research, the type of research is descriptive analytical. The sources of legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials used in this research is through literature study. The analysis of legal materials is descriptive qualitative.Research Results: The results showed that: 1). International Law on Change of Government through Coup has never been regulated in detail because it is part of the rights of a State that cannot be interfered with in the internal affairs of its State, but an insistence can be made to become a place of negotiation and mediation for both parties who are fighting for power by using the UN Charter. Article 1, Article 2, Article 33 paragraph 1 and Article 52 as well as the ASEAN Charter Article 1 and Article 2 paragraph 2 letter (f) are related to the Protection of Human Rights. 2). The legality of the government obtained through a coup until now has never been specifically regulated in international law, but when viewed from the point of view of the birth of a country, namely 1. the existence of a government, 2. territory, 3 inhabitants, and 4. recognition from other countries. The legality of the government obtained through the coup d'etat can be said to be valid if it gets recognition from other countries (which in this case is part of (State Politics) in International Relations).

Implementation of programs for the development of operational processes of the HR management system of government agencies in Western countries

Today, the problem of digitalization of HR management system operational processes is the lack of automated HR management programs for government agencies, lack of resources, staff reduction, data management, and change management. Many countries have faced problems with the digitalization of HR processes in government agencies. To a greater or lesser extent, such structural problems of the labor market can be found in all Western countries. The development of technologies and information systems creates new opportunities for managing and improving the processes of government agencies. The specifics of public administration require effective personnel management on a country or city scale, which makes it necessary to implement effective technological solutions. With this in mind, today's workforce data from many sources provides an opportunity to manage civil servants with an evidence-based HR policy. Thus, governments are increasingly able to recruit, deploy, train, motivate, and retain their employees scientifically and analytically based on objective HR data. As a result of the analysis, the authors found that most Western countries collect HR data to analyze, interpret and actively use it to make better management decisions, as well as to develop and implement HR policies. The purpose of the article is to highlight the problem of digitalization of HR processes in government agencies and to demonstrate the analysis of HR data from Western countries in tabular forms. The article demonstrates the results of implementing information collection of HR data for effective HR management on a country or city scale. The authors analyze and demonstrate in infographics the growing possibility of collecting human resources data as a basis for improving public services, service delivery and continuous performance management. The authors analyze and present in the infographic data from surveys of civil service employees in Western countries, information on employee engagement and satisfaction with work and the working environment in government agencies.

An Integrated Educational Audio-Visual Media Based Information Service Model in The Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 for MTs Lab IKIP Al Washliyah Medan Students

Current developments require all aspects of life, one of which is in the field of education, so that they can carry out transformational changes in the face of the industrial revolution 4.0. This situation is what made the government change the education system so that educators can improve their performance as teachers, including counseling teachers, so they can implement guidance and counseling services that are oriented towards the industrial revolution 4.0. This research aims to find out whether information services through audio-visual media can be effective in increasing understanding about education in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 among Mts Lab IKIP Al Washliyah Medan students. This type of research is quantitative research with the population being 60 students in class VIII MTs Lab IKIP Al Washliyah Medan. Sampling used a random sampling technique which received as many as 30 students. The data collection technique in this research used a questionnaire. The questionnaire used in this research is an educational questionnaire in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. with statistical data analysis. In this research, the data obtained shows that rcount is greater than rtable, namely 0.490 > 0.361 and has led to a better increase than before. This is known from the results of the t test which shows that tcount > ttable or 16.304 > 2.042. This shows that information services through audio-visual media can influence students' understanding of education in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0

Problematizing the ‘problem’ of writing in the NSW curriculum: a call for a (re)turn to practice

AbstractIn a time of curriculum revision in NSW, an “instrumental/technical approach” (Brennan, Curriculum Perspectives 42:85–89, 2022, p. 86) is being (re)affirmed as the dominant understanding of curriculum. Sidelined, deliberately or otherwise, has been an understanding of curriculum as practice—an understanding which could have served as “a necessary counterpoint to current (official) constructions” (Green, Curriculum Perspectives 41:213–225, 2021, p. 215) and representations of the curriculum in a good deal of ‘expert’ media commentary. In the context of the ‘crisis’ messaging being voiced in much of the public discourse, I critically examine the proposed role of a strengthened writing curriculum in remediating what are said to be falling educational standards. Influenced by Carol Bacchi’s (Bacchi, Analysing policy: What’s the problem represented to be?, Pearson Australia, 2016) ‘What’s the Problem Represented to be?’ approach to policy analysis, I consider the discursive work entailed in propagating a ‘syllabus-ised solution’ to the ‘problem’ of writing in NSW. I highlight the essential and reductive paradox of this ‘solution’: the marginalising of practice. Motivated by Bill Green’s (Green, Curriculum Perspectives 41:213–225, 2021) published version of his Garth Boomer Memorial Address, presented at the 2021 national conference of the Australian Curriculum Studies Association, I draw from Boomer’s thinking on the teaching of writing to propose a practice (re)turn in NSW curriculum considerations and work. Given that the rollout of new syllabuses has been delayed with a change of government, I hope that my reflections might add something generative to curriculum knowledge work in NSW, giving teachers and their practice due accord in the work of teaching students to write as writers do.

Debate and Decide: Innovative Participatory Governance in South Australia 2010–2018

This article provides an account of how innovative participatory governance unfolded in South Australia between 2010 and 2018. In doing so it explores how an ‘interactive’ political leadership style, which scholarship argues is needed in contemporary democracy, played out in practice. Under the leadership of Premier Jay Weatherill this approach to governing, known as ‘debate and decide’, became regarded as one of the most successful examples of democratic innovation globally. Using an archival and media method of analysis the article finds evidence of the successful application of an interactive political leadership style, but one that was so woven into competitive politics that it was abandoned after a change in government in March 2018. To help sustain interactive political leadership styles the article argues for research into how a broader base of politicians perceives the benefits and risks of innovative participatory governance. It also argues for a focus on developing politicians' collaborative leadership capabilities. However, the article concludes by asking: if political competition is built into our system of government, are we be better off leveraging it, rather than resisting it, in the pursuit of democratic reform?

Can and how should the gig worker loophole be closed?

AbstractThis article considers, summarises, and analyses the merits of various arguments regarding options for regulating (or not regulating) ‘gig work’, concluding with observations about currently proposed legislation. There is a strong argument for regulating gig work. Many workers are vulnerable, and many of the arguments against any form or regulation – in terms of innovation, productivity, employment, or the inevitability of this trend – lack merit. Current definitions of employment, indeed current labour law, are not adequate and many, but not all, gig workers are like employees in terms of the control exercised over them. However, treating gig workers as employees would encounter several problems. The outcomes would be uncertain. Not all would be covered. Many gig workers would be opposed (despite wanting protection). The gig firms could render such legislation ineffective, or alternatively succeed in mobilising opposition, almost ensuring such legislation would be revoked at the next change of government. Regulating gig work as a form of contracting is a viable alternative. It has the potential to attract support from gig workers themselves, undermining opposition by the gig firms, and attract support from some parts of capital. The New South Wales experience shows us that regulation of gig work as contracting is feasible and politically sustainable. Despite limitations, the ‘Closing the Loopholes’ Bill provides a sustainable model for regulating and protecting many ‘gig economy’ workers. It is time to envisage labour law as something that extends not just to employees but to many contractors as well.

Do parties matter for policy accumulation? An analysis of social policy portfolios in 22 countries

AbstractThis article analyses the role of political parties in policy accumulation. We study this relationship in the area of social policy. Our analysis builds on a large data set covering the size of policy portfolios (policy targets and instruments) in three subfields of social policy for 22 OECD countries over 30 years. We find that the probability of social policy accumulation is not affected by the government's ideological position. Left governments do not produce more extensive social policy portfolios than right ones. Yet, this striking result does not contradict governments’ political ideologies, as left and right parties accumulate for different reasons. While left parties address new social policy targets to broaden the scope of the welfare state, right parties adopt new policy instruments to condition social benefits. These findings hold regardless of how we measure governments’ ideological position and despite strong endogenous policy growth dynamics, that is, countries with greater policy portfolios also display higher levels of policy accumulation. Our findings indicate that party political considerations can explain the reasons for but not the level of policy accumulation. Changes in government are thus unlikely to stall or slow down the constant accumulation of public policies.