Causative Constructions Research Articles

KONSTRUKSI KAUSATIF ANALITIK DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS DAN BAHASA INDONESIA

This study discusses the causative constructions of analytics in English and Indonesian. The purpose of this study describes the forms, similarities and differences in Indonesian and English. This research method using descriptive qualitative, with technique refer and note. The results of this study explain the form of the word verb causes (causes) in English in Indonesian verb form word. Keywords: Causative Analytic, English and Indonesian language .

A Classification & Constructional Analysis of Causative Pivotal Constructions in Zuozhuan

A Classification & Constructional Analysis of Causative Pivotal Constructions in Zuozhuan

Zur idiomatischen Komponente auffälliger kausativer Konstruktionen im Deutschen

This paper aims to analyze German caused-motion constructions such as jn aus dem Bett klingeln from both a phraseological and constructional perspective. Section 1 shows how the traditional definition of phraseologisms is nowadays challenged by new developments in construction grammar, especially within Goldberg’s framework. Section 2 focuses on the various possibilities existing in German to express causativity and proposes a continuum from mere morphological signs to the constructions under consideration here. Section 3 exemplifies the cognitive inscription of these causative constructions through the underlying frame semantic level. In section 4 we finally argue that several aspects of these structures, such as lexical constraint, figuration, and productivity suggest that some kinds of constructions should be integrated, at least peripherally, into the phraseological system of the given language.

Kausalkonstruktionen mit Adjektiv im freien und fixierten Gebrauch

The study describes the semantic and conceptual variation of causal constructions with an adjective as they are realized in German, French and Italian. In the framework of Goldberg’s (cf. 1995 and 2006) Construction Grammar, it discusses some defining properties of the analyzed constructions, like the formal and semantic (non-)predictability and their possible phraseological status based on metonymy or metaphor. Several constructions can be identified which convey different meanings, i. e. causality and/or excessiveness. The instantiations of the causal construction are linked to each other by inheritance links which make it possible to describe the variation as a network of constructions. The description of the examples’ variation with their defining properties allows us to advocate a continuum between free and fixed instantiations of the constructions and accordingly between Construction Grammar and Phraseology.

Doubling Phenomena of Causative and Passive Constructions

Doubling Phenomena of Causative and Passive Constructions

Cliticization and Abstract Case Assignment in Spanish

AbstractBuilding on recent work that argues in favor of a return to movement analyses for clitics (Uriagereka & Raposo 2005, Boeckx & Gallego , Roberts , ; Gallego ), this paper explains why object clitics need to engage in probe/goal relations with agreeing verbs to value their Case features. A Case‐based account within Phase Theory (cf. Chomsky , , ) allows us to account for previously difficult to explain intervention and other displacement effects associated with these elements, and it also predicts clitic placement in a wide variety of ECM and causative constructions. Clitics in these constructions are sensitive to the timing and location of Case‐assigning mechanisms on the finite embedding verb, highlighting the importance of Case theory in deriving ‘raising to object’ phenomena in Spanish.

ЭКСПЛИЦИТНОЕ И ИМПЛИЦИТНОЕ В ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ КАУЗАТИВНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ С АНГЛИЙСКИМИ ФРАЗОВЫМИ ГЛАГОЛАМИ

The article analyzes the peculiarities of conceptualization of causation of object spatial orientation change expressed by indexic causative constructions with the English phrasal verbs. The author examines the role of the context and other conditions for realization of explicit and implicit meanings of verbs in the analyzed constructions. The paper identifies the influence of such conditions on the choice of a lexical unit to nominate the causation of motion. The study is based on the linguistic material acquired from the dictionaries and text corpus.

Passive and Causative Constructions in Korean: Lexical Derivation

Passive and Causative Constructions in Korean: Lexical Derivation

Cause and Effect Extraction from Biomedical Corpus

The objective of the present work is to automatically extract the cause and effect from discourse analyzed biomedical corpus. Cause-effect is defined as a relation established between two events, where first event acts as the cause of second event and the second event is the effect of first event. Any causative constructions need three components, a causal marker, cause and effect. In this study, we consider the automatic extraction of cause and effect realized by explicit discourse connective markers. We evaluated our system using BIONLP/NLPBA 2004 shared task test data and obtained encouraging results.

Квазиусловные конструкции в каталанском языке

This article aims to single out quasi-conditional constructions in Catalan and describe their main types. The author proceeds from the hypothesis that Catalan quasi-conditional constructions must show considerable similarity with quasi-conditional constructions in Russian, English, French, and other languages. The number of the constructions addressed is about 1 000 examples from Catalan texts by native Catalan authors and about 2 000 examples from Catalan texts by non-Catalan authors, selected by total sampling. The paper shows that quasi-conditional constructions, although formally similar to conditional constructions, differ on certain points from them. Their protasis does not express hypothetical condition, apodosis doesn’t imply consequence, the condition-consequence meaning is often missing from them altogether. In contrast to conditional constructions, transformation of quasi-conditionals ones into formally narrative constructions doesn’t change their meaning. Quasi-conditional constructions can be split into five major groups: presumptive constructions, constructions with protasis in the function of parenthesis, conditional-evaluative constructions, conditional-causal constructions, and logical conclusion constructions. The observables selected as criteria for this classification include: Construction meaning (comparative, existential, evaluative, causative constructions etc.); Changeability of the main dependent clause order; Use of markers. Both my analysis and literature on conditional constructions in other languages confirm that the structure of Catalan quasi-conditional constructions is similar to their counterparts in other languages. The findings can be used for teaching purposes as well as for research in Catalan, other Romance languages, or in typology/syntax.

Kаузативні конструкції із семантичною ознакою емоційного стану в англійській та українській мовах.

The article is devoted to the comparative research of the causative constructions with the semantic meaning of emotional state. The research is based on the examples of the English (to amaze smb with smth) and the Ukrainian (вражати кого-небудь чим-небудь) constructions, the verbs of the emotional state as a part of the causative constructions. The relevance of the article is determined by the necessity of systematic semantic analysis of the causative constructions denoting emotional state. The subject of the research is the semantics and the structure of causative constructions in the English and the Ukrainian languages. The aim of the research lies in carrying out the semantic analysis of causative constructions and revealing the common and the different features in both languages. The classification of causative verbs with the semantic meaning of emotional state has been shown and the difference between the notions ‘emotionality’ and ‘emotivity’ has been determined. In the given article the frequency percentage of constructions with the semantic meaning of positive and negative states has been defined, and it is based on the examples from the English and the Ukrainian belles-lettres texts.

A contribution to the semantic subclassification of causative constructions in contemporary Norwegian: Effective causation

A contribution to the semantic subclassification of causative constructions in contemporary Norwegian: Effective causation

Let’s Talk about Let+Us: English Hortative and Causative Constructions

Sungshim Hong and Jaekeun Lee. 2017. Let’s Talk about Let+Us: English Hortative and Causative Constructions. Studies in Modern Grammar 96, 67-88. This paper deals with the two seemingly alike constructions in the English language, LET’S construction and LET+US construction. The foci of the current research include (i) whether or not LET’S is a mere phonological contraction of LET+US, (ii) how they are different in their distribution, as well as their interactions with negation/Tag questions, and (iii) why they are different; their asymmetries are attributed to the internal structures of the two. That is, in this paper, their internal structures are distinctively proposed within the Minimalist syntax (Chomsky 1995, 2004, 2005, 2007). On the basis of a garden variety of the already known asymmetries between the two (Seppanen 1977, Fries 1964, Davies 1986, Palmer 1988, Potsdam 1998, Huddleston and Pullum 2002, Quirk et al 1972, 1985), we support the idea that in spite of some of their superficial similarities and looks, the two constructions, both of which contain an identical lexeme LET, need to be analyzed independently from each other. Following the insight of Alcazar and Saltarelli (2014), the light verb, v, is poised for Hortative LET’S in a mono-clausal configuration. The occurrence of Causative LET+US may contract into the isomorphic LET’S, the Hortative LET’S as well. Nonetheless, the Causative LET+US occurs in a bi-clausal configuration with a Tdef intervening, whose Spec is US or any other DP. This paper presents the internal structures of the Hortatives and Causatives differently so that their morpho-syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic disparities can be easily accounted for. It is suggested that the Hortative LET’S underwent syncretism (Radford 2004, Gelderen 2004, 2008), whereas the lexical LET survives as a main verb.

Measuring the alternation strength of causative verbs

Abstract This paper presents a method for quantitative and qualitative analyses of the causative alternation in English, where verbs may alternate between a transitive (causative) construction (Santa crinkled his eyes) and an intransitive (non-causative) construction (His eyes crinkled).1 The aim of this paper is to present a method designed to measure the alternation strength of causative verbs, i.e. the extent to which they alternate between the two constructions. One of the central elements this paper investigates is the Theme, i.e. the participant that is in subject position in the intransitive construction and object position in the transitive construction. A distinctive collostructional analysis (Gries and Stefanowitsch 2004) shows that certain verbs are significantly attracted to one of either two constructions while others are equivalently distributed in the two constructions. However, after careful analysis it appears that very few Themes actually overlap between the two constructions (Lemmens forthcoming) which indicates that each construction seems to be rather restrictive regarding which Themes they recruit. The low degree of alternation of the Themes leads us to ask ourselves the extent to which the alternation is part of a speaker’s knowledge of their language.

Old Prussian dāt ‘give’ in causative and hortative constructions

Extended uses of Old Prussian dāt ‘give’ are studied to demonstrate independent and German-influenced developments. The permissive function of this predicate is argued to be original and historically and areally shared by Baltic, Slavic and Finnic languages, while factitive and hortative constructions are regarded as copies of corresponding German lassen-constructions. The German influence is also seen in the coding of the causee when it is marked by the accusative instead of the original dative. In general, Old Prussian shows effects of interference with German lassen-constructions similar to the ones observed in West Slavic and western South Slavic languages (von Waldenfels 2015).

Orações causais com <i>porque:</i> forma, função e diacronia1

Este artigo aborda, sob a perspectiva da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso, as construções causais do tipo p porque q e porque q, p. Descrevem-se, diacronicamente, os usos semântico-pragmáticos e o estatuto sintático dessas construções, tendo em vista o pareamento de forma e função.
 
 
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 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/cadletrasuff.2017n55a516

Positive language transfer of causative verbs in Chinese-Portuguese simultaneous interpretations

***Transferência positiva dos verbos causativos na interpretação simultânea de chinês-português***O estudo procura responder se a transferência positiva de língua existe através dos verbos causativos na Interpretação Simultânea de Chinês-Português, e em que aspectos tal transferência ocorre mais frequentemente. O artigo começa fornecendo uma breve discussão sobre a transferência linguística e a construção causativa em chinês e português. Passa à parte metodológica, na qual são transcritos e analisados 10 discursos proferidos por líderes chineses em contextos interculturais e suas interpretações simultâneas. Os resultados mostram que tanto os textos em chinês quanto as interpretações em português apresentam uma alta porcentagem de verbos causativos, e mais da metade dos dados é interpretada através da transferência positiva. Verifica-se que a transferência positiva existe e desempenha um papel muito importante na Interpretação Simultânea de Chinês-Português, e a referente estratégia pode ajudar os intérpretes a facilitar o processamento da informação, assim para conseguir um melhor desempenho.

Automatically Tagging Constructions of Causation and Their Slot-Fillers

This paper explores extending shallow semantic parsing beyond lexical-unit triggers, using causal relations as a test case. Semantic parsing becomes difficult in the face of the wide variety of linguistic realizations that causation can take on. We therefore base our approach on the concept of constructions from the linguistic paradigm known as Construction Grammar (CxG). In CxG, a construction is a form/function pairing that can rely on arbitrary linguistic and semantic features. Rather than codifying all aspects of each construction’s form, as some attempts to employ CxG in NLP have done, we propose methods that offload that problem to machine learning. We describe two supervised approaches for tagging causal constructions and their arguments. Both approaches combine automatically induced pattern-matching rules with statistical classifiers that learn the subtler parameters of the constructions. Our results show that these approaches are promising: they significantly outperform naïve baselines for both construction recognition and cause and effect head matches.

Patrones de ergatividad en el español peninsular

AbstractWestern Peninsular Spanish possesses a type of causative construction in which an intransitive lexeme is used as transitive. Specifically, the verbscaer(‘to fall’),quedar(‘to stay’) andentrar(‘to enter) can induce a direct object in detriment of the standard verbstirar(‘to throw’),dejar(‘to leave’) andmeter(‘to put in’). This phenomenon (called lability) has not been investigated in depth for Spanish and, with this paper I attempt to pinpoint its current geographical extension as well as the semantic factors that favour the transitivisation of these verbs.

Causal Understanding in Film Viewing: The Effects of Narrative Structure and Personality Traits

The aim of this research was to investigate the extent to which psychological factors interfere with conscious rational problem-solving in constructing a cinematic narrative’s causal connections during film viewing. Talk-aloud protocol was used to record subjects’ verbal reactions during watching films. Viewers’ texts were analyzed to determine the type and the quantity of causal inferences. This enabled us to determine which parts of the narratives provoked high matching of causal inferences. The results demonstrate recurring correlation between causal thinking and the personality trait openness to experience. In the second study, classical and nonclassical types of narrative were compared in terms of provoking causal inferences. The results demonstrate that classical narrative provokes significantly more causal inferences than nonclassical narrative, and that classical and nonclassical narratives rely equally on personality traits in causal construction.