Capital Construction Projects Research Articles

PRINCIPLES OF PROTECTION AND USE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES IN TERMS OF ECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS

The article investigates the principles of protection and use of cultural heritage sites in terms of ecological optimization of residential areas. The concept of cultural heritage object is defined and the order of definition of protection zones of cultural heritage objects in the conditions of ecological optimization of settlement territories is established. The principles of formation of the status of a cultural heritage object are revealed and the legislative basis is described. The concept of "territory of cultural purpose" is separated. Describes the problems of protection of cultural heritage sites, the main of which include the complexity of the content of objects, the search for the necessary funds for restoration, to solve which it is necessary to attract external sources of funding other than the state. The generally accepted ways of solving the outlined problems are given and the principles of their realization are substantiated, namely the necessity of complex application is emphasized. The classification of the process of reconstruction of cultural heritage is presented, the main directions of which include: restoration, regeneration, revitalization, revaluation, improvement and new construction. Each of these classes is described according to the method of implementation on site. It is emphasized that the protection zones of cultural heritage sites are areas adjacent to the included in the register of monuments and ensembles, and within which, in order to ensure the preservation of cultural heritage sites and compositional and species links, the construction of capital construction projects and their reconstruction related to changes in height, number of floors, area, except for construction and reconstruction of linear objects. The boundaries of the protection zone of the cultural heritage object are structured according to the zones of location of the latter. The directions of the relation of the state supervision in the field of protection of objects of cultural heritage to the principles of realization of the state support are defined. The list of possible measures of influence of citizens and legal entities in the field of protection of cultural heritage objects in the conditions of ecological optimization of settlement territories is offered.

몽골-중국 경제협력: 사회간접자본 구축과 에너지 협력을 중심으로

This paper analyzes the background and process of economic cooperation between Mongolia and China, which focuses on establishment of social overhead capital and energy supply facilities, Mongolian coal exports to China. It is based on analyses of government policy documents and related literature. Mongolia and China collaborated construction of internal road network in Mongolia, and transport network connecting from Mongolia to Northern China and Russia. The internal network in Mongolia sought to connect from Ulaanbaatar to neighboring regions, Erlianhaote and Ganchimaodu. The immediate benefit for Mongolia was the injection of much needed capital, skilled manpower and technology from China, all of which Mongolia lacked. Beyond this, Mongolia stood to gain from social overhead capital projects and energy supply facilities, as well as alleviate difficulties in the domestic transportation. Externally, the expansion of Mongolia’s transport network aimed to increase coal exports to China. In addition, Shenhua Group and Chinese central government are trying to increase exports of Mongolian coal to China by expanding the railway network connecting the Chinese border with the Tavan tolgoy coal mine.BRHowever, Mongolia has some difficulties in the process of cooperation with China. The downswing for Mongolia‘s role in the process of domestic road network construction was that all the work was done by Chinese companies, because Mongolian firms did not meet the selection criteria set by the Asia Development Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Accordingly, Mongolian local companies had a difficulty in participating in its own social overhead capital construction projects which gave fund from multilateral development banks. Additionally, Mongolia’s dependence on China intensified, as experienced Chinese companies took charge of all of these construction projects. To protect their trust, the Chinese companies completed their assignments on schedule. Their performance, however, did not transfer the technical skills to Mongolian workers, including training in construction technology, and operating of technical equipment. Furthermore, the expansion of the railway network connecting Mongolia, China and Russia was expected to delay, pending economic feasibility studies and verification. Despite these challenges, Mongolia was expected to continue cooperating with China, to ease difficulties in domestic transportation, stabilize energy supply and increase coal exports to mainland China.

Key indicators of quality control assurance in the quarterly development of residential buildings

Ensuring the quality of construction of capital construction projects is one of the most important functions of the customer, contractor and other participants in the construction, which should be carried out at all stages of construction of residential buildings. Inadequate performance of their functions by construction participants can lead to a low quality of construction and installation work, a violation of the technology and organization of construction, and as a result, to a delay in construction.

Reorganization of Waste Management Scheme for Construction and Demolition

The subject of the study is the organization of waste management of construction and demolition in the context of large-scale urban programs for new construction and renovation. This work is aimed at analyzing the principles of organizing the processing of construction waste and forming a proposal for the modernization of functional and planning schemes for handling construction and demolition waste in the context of large-scale urban programs for new construction and renovation. The following materials and methods were used: normative and technical documentation, construction organization projects, a list of environmental protection measures developed as part of the project documentation of implemented capital construction projects; additive scientometric analysis, generalization and presentation of aggregate experimental data on aspects of waste management of construction and demolition. The analysis of the principles of organization of processing of construction waste is performed. The functional and planning scheme of a stationary unit for processing construction and demolition waste and creating (producing) finished products with the integration of construction waste to create materials and products for new construction and renovation is proposed. The future use of the proposed functional and planning schemes is focused on making correct organizational and technological decisions when preparing organizational and technological documentation for capital construction projects. The development and implementation of economically and technologically sound management schemes for construction waste plays a relevant role in achieving responsible consumption and production, as well as in ensuring the transition to rational management models.

Demolition of capital construction projects

The article discusses topical issues of law enforcement and judicial practice in the field of demolition of capital construction.

Methodological Tools for Evaluating Effectiveness of Capital Construction Projects of Oil Producing Enterprises

Due to the fact that most of the large oil fields in Russia, characterized by high production costs, are at the final stage of development; the issue of cost optimization has become increasingly important in recent years. The main cost items at oil and gas enterprises are design and construction (reconstruction) of oil field facilities. Analysis of currently used methods for ranking oil and gas projects has shown that all of them are inherently subjective, since they are based on expert opinion. The authors have developed a methodological tools for evaluating the effectiveness of capital construction projects of oil field facilities (for example, construction work on the site for inventory receiving bridges and lifting units), which allows to eliminate the influence of expert opinion as much as possible and, consequently, significantly improve the quality and validity of management decisions. The choice of the optimal project is based on a two – level assessment (stage 1– technical assessment, stage 2 – economic assessment). At each stage, an integral indicator is determined by calculation based on the results of objective data analysis and using the developed algorithms. Thus, it is possible to judge the effectiveness of any project without being based on a subjective approach in the assessment with the help of expert opinion.

Scheme of the planning organization of the land plot” section development based on information modeling

Improving the design efficiency of capital construction projects is one of the promising areas for the science and production development. Today, innovative methods exist and are being developed for rationalization at all stages of construction production. During the design phase, there are certain parts which work needs modernization. Section No. 2 of the project documentation “Scheme of the planning organization of the land plot” was not subjected to automated influence and its design has been carried out in an exclusively conservative way for a long period of time. With the development of design automation tools, including information modeling technologies, new prospects for work and overall rationalization have become opened up for developers. The aim of the work is to analyze the existing methods of computer-aided design for the section “Scheme of the planning organization of the land plot” and their prospects, and the task is to determine the methodology for information modeling, taking into account the existing tools, software systems and the requirements of the legislation in the Russian Federation. This article outlines the features of the automated development in the section, the relationship between the software functionality and the specifics of projects, as well as the prospects for the development and integration of information modeling technologies in the field of land plots organization and planning.

A review on modern heat-insulating materials for improving the energy efficiency of buildings and life-support utilities

The main heat engineering characteristics of modern traditional and innovative heat-insulating materials, their advantages, and application fields are considered. Particular attention is paid to liquidceramic heat-insulating materials - thermal paints, which are now actively used for thermal insulation of facades of capital and completed construction projects, engineering and technical life support systems, installations, and separate elements. Interest in the study of this group of building materials is explained by the widespread use of heaters to improve the energy efficiency of civil and industrial buildings, as well as engineering life support systems for various purposes.

Information modeling for quality management of a construction company in the context of economic digitalization

The article is devoted to the study of the features of quality control of the organization of construction processes based on the use of information technologies. The construction period is key to ensuring the design characteristics of capital construction projects. It is this stage of the life cycle that characterizes the adequacy of the organizational and managerial decisions made (the organizational and technological sequence of construction) and determines the actual quality indicators (functional efficiency and operational reliability) of the completed construction objects. Statistics of studies of cases that led to the manifestation of deviations from the established (design) quality indicators show that a decrease in the quality of construction products (including an increase in the duration of construction production) is almost never the result of any one, but occurs as a result of the interaction of several different negative factors (groups of negative factors). A special emphasis is placed on the technology of automated computer modeling (BIM technology), which accompanies all stages and stages of construction. It is noted that automated management can be either short-term, designed for the current year, or in the form of a long cycle.

Dual approach to the assessment of the project management system performance and the results of its application in the ITER Project

The article considers the current problem of low efficiency of tools and methods used to assess the project management systems of complex engineering facilities. The problem is important today because engineering companies strive to increase their rating in a highly competitive market, and this issue is of a special concern in the international market of goods, works and services. The article presents the methodology for the assessment of the project management system, based on the simultaneous cross-section use of approaches to the assessment of project management and personnel management processes (the so-called “processes – personnel” pair) with the use of questionnaire-dialog forms of data collection. The essence of the study was to search for patterns of cross-assessment results, their comparison and determination of algorithms of mutual influence on each other, and what is necessary for a more accurate assessment of the management system. The scientific novelty of the research is the development of a set of interrelated indicators of the management system behavior in a company. The presented method was tested by the team of authors of this article during the management assessment of the international project on the construction of a thermonuclear reactor (ITER, France) in 2020. The results of the study revealed the comparability of the assessment results, confirmed the impact of the assessment results on each other and determined the possibility of predicting the assessment results per individual indicators, depending on the state of the management system in the “process-personnel” pair. This method can be used to assess the management systems of any project-oriented companies implementing capital construction projects. In the future, it can become the basis for creating a specialized standard for assessing the construction project management systems.

The application of simulation modelling in making operational decisions in construction

The emergence of new organizational methods such as controlling, including strategic and operational-production, is a response of investment and construction activities to new challenges generated by the development of science and technology, as well as socio-economic conditions. The need of society, as a kind of aggregated customer of capital construction projects, is to reduce the cost, duration of their construction, improve the quality of buildings and structures. Achieving such results is possible through the use of new materials, equipment, technologies. However, the conditions for the construction of a specific facility, the current operational situation are conditioned by the presence of disturbing influences of both technical and managerial nature, and which must be stopped in time and, if possible, prevented. Thus, a toolkit is needed that involves the implementation of the functions of analysis, monitoring, but also the development and even adoption of operational technical and managerial decisions. It is on these principles that operational and production controlling is based. The adoption of appropriate tactical decisions is the central point in the organization of operational and production controlling in construction production, and also the fact that the real tasks of organizing construction are not always fully solved analytically. One of the promising ways can be the use of optimization methods in combination with simulation models and the provisions of the theory of experiment planning. The article proposes to consider the use of simulation modeling when optimizing the calendar schedule for the implementation of a complex of construction and installation works, carried out in the process of operational and production controlling.

ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ПРОБЛЕМНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ В ОБЛАСТИ ПОЖАРНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

This article discusses a new procedure for regulating social relations in the technosphere, which requires the verification of the presence of a causal relationship between the harm being prevented and the technical solution from the standardization document (from the technical norm or from the technical requirement) in relation to the specific circumstances of fire and death. This fact not only increases the accuracy in the investigation of crimes, but also significantly reduces the time for conducting investigations (examinations). The authors believe that the proposed changes to the practice of conducting fire investigations will have a direct impact on the design, construction and operation of capital construction projects, as well as on the production of control and supervisory and licensing activities, in terms of increasing the level of protection of citizens from fire damage, and will also contribute to a higher level of protection of firefighters in extinguishing fires and removing unfounded charges from officials of the fire extinguishing service and state fire supervision. Keywords: loss of life,

Organizational and Technological Modeling of Industrial Facility Redeployment

Redeployment of industrial facilities allows companies to optimize their structure while also creating a competitive environment in the service sector. In addition, during the redeployment process, the property complex undergoes optimization. Because of releasing production, the costs could be reduced by preserving, selling, and leasing production space. However, to achieve and strengthen long-term competitiveness, companies are forced to adjust their activities with an emphasis on the changing demands of the period. Since the world is constantly changing, it is very important to respond to these changes expediently and quickly. So far, international practice and experience of redeployment in the Russian Federation have shown that it is one of the most difficult managerial tasks. During this process, many restrictions and unique characteristics of the company, where they are implemented, should be considered. Consequently, it must be performed only in the presence of the clearly defined goals, redeployment concept, and an understanding of each stage and the methods to be observed. This is a relevant study because the model of the work performed during redeployment allows this process to go as smoothly and efficiently as possible allowing the company to adapt to new market conditions. However, the topic of the study is poorly covered nowadays. In fact, many sources consider a redesigning strategy only as a special case study of a restructuring strategy or a strategy for updating the fixed assets. Therefore, regulatory documentation for capital construction projects as well as redeployment facilities should be improved

Construction Tradespeople Perception of the Factors Motivating Labour Productivity on Construction Projects

Construction productivity defines the wealth of a nation as well as the well-being of its citizenry, because it plays a critical rolein the overall economic development of a nation. However, there has been a reported decline in labour productivity which has led to poor delivery of construction projects. This issue has been among the leadingcauses of schedule and cost overruns, quality issues, claims and conflicts, especially in key capital construction projects globally.Poor labour productivity is attributed to the reaction of workers on certain factors. The purpose of this study is to assess construction tradespeople perception of the factors motivating labour productivity on construction projects. To achieve this purpose, semi-structured interview and questionnaire, and a stratified purposeful sampling technique was adopted to gather data from construction tradespeople in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Datagathered through survey from106construction tradespeople, were analysed using frequencies, percentage and factor analysis.The data gathered from 25 interviewees were analysed using thematic analysis. The study concluded that major factors motivating construction tradespeople productivity on construction projects are knowledge and salary-related factors; job security and planning related factors; health, safety and promotion related factor;overtime and work area condition; team building and equipment factors; supervision and recognition factors; management and teamwork factors; and materials and work methods.Furthermore, the implication of the role of financial and non-financial motivatorsis brought to the fore in ensuring improved and sustainable labour productivity on construction projects.The study recommended that construction organisations should utilise a good mix of financial and non-financial productivity motivators in getting thebest out of their employees, especially the site operatives.

INFORMATION MODELING OF REAL ESTATE AT THE STAGE OF SURVEY WORKS

Statement of the problem. Perform a review of scientific papers and regulatory documents used in information modeling. Explore information modeling technology at all stages of the life cycle of capital construction projects. Demonstrate the practical implementation of information modeling technology by the example of survey work. Results. Deficiencies of the existing regulatory documents used in information modeling are identified. The tasks of information modeling technologies in the construction industry throughout the life cycle are formulated. The application of information modeling technology at the stage of engineering surveys of the life cycle of the capital construction object with the justification of its economic efficiency is considered. Conclusions. For the effective application of information modeling technologies and ensuring the fulfillment of the tasks entrusted to it, it is necessary to create a full-fledged production regulatory framework that defines the status of the information model and the requirements for documentation received on its basis by various participants at all stages of construction production, as well as containing requirements for the storage of documents and making into her changes.

Combinatorics in Management of Investment Construction Projects

The subject of this article is the perspective that reveals the use of combinatorics in the context of Building Information Modeling (BIM). Today’s world is characterized by a high degree of unpredictability, which increases the relevance of the introduction of new methods of project risks & opportunities management. Another feature of modernity is digitalisation. These two challenges, taken together in their interaction, make it necessary to conduct research on the topic. The analysis showed that combinatorial tools are used in such fields as biology, physics, information technology, and linguistics. However, in economics and management this useful toolkit has not yet been sufficiently spread. The purpose of the article is to identify a number of factors by which the practical application of combinatorial techniques can qualitatively affect the management of capital construction projects. The essence of BIM is revealed as a digital environment for forecasting by project teams (and project managers), basing on maps of scenarios. Combinatorics is illustrated in the areas of management and economics such as Integrated Project Delivery, Supply Chains, Lean Construction, and Benefit-Cost Analysis. Particular attention is given to assessing the effectiveness in the context of determining the expected course of project development, using applied combinatorial approaches. An important feature of combinatorial techniques is that their use is one of the means of proactive management under uncertainty. Combinatorics should become one of the necessary competencies for project managers and value engineering professionals. The business case presented in the article demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of the widespread implementation of the proposed approaches in the practice of capital construction projects delivery. JEL classification: C83, D81, L74, M15, O22 Manuscript received 28.04.2020

How to Calculate the Share of a Land Plot in the Value of Office and Retail Real Estate: Regression Analysis to Increase the Cadastral Valuation Reliability

Purpose: In 2014 the Tax Code was updated. Currently, it also deals with the cadastral valuation of capital construction projects. However, there are problems associated with the cadastral valuation reliability. One of the key problems is how to evaluate a capital construction object and exclude the cost of the land plot. Design / Methodology / Approach: This study proposes an alternative approach to calculating the value of a land plot by analyzing the share of a land plot in the value of a single property. In the article, the authors consider that a land plot is included in the value of a single property due to a number of various pricing factors. The method of regression analysis was used as a methodological basis. Findings: Based on the results of the regression analysis, the authors gave recommendations on how to use the proposed factor models and made certain conclusions. Practical Implications: The results of this study can be used in cadastral valuation and in the process of challenging the cadastral value. Originality / Value: The presented study is an alternative way of calculating the value of land in a single property. It is useful since there is little information on how to apply the traditional methods of comparative sales.

The common data environment features from the building life cycle perspective

One of the conditions for informational support of the construction projects’ life cycle and, in particular, the capital construction projects is the organization of a common data environment or, as it is called abroad, the Common Data Environment. The common data environment, being an integral part of information modeling technologies in construction, is multilevel in nature. The article draws attention to the fact that the aforementioned research object at present is considered mainly from the standpoint of foreign national standards in the field of information modeling in construction, which considers the common data environment mainly at the level of electronic document management in daily work in the design and operation of buildings and structures. Modern domestic technologies for the organization of construction should necessarily consider buildings and structures in the context of their life cycle, and not the life path, as a sequential set of data state phases. This article discusses the common data environment features from the perspective of managing the buildings’ life cycle. Using the analytical method of similarity and the dialectical method to describe the qualitative change in the model at a new consideration level, it is hypothesized that when moving from the considering interactions within the life cycle stage to the level of interactions between the life cycle stages, the concept of “data” gives a way to the “knowledge” concept. And in order to provide a complete ontology of the buildings and structures’ “life cycle” concept, a model using knowledge share is proposed.

Prospects for the life cycle modeling of a capital construction facility using information flows

Introduction. The analysis of development and application of BIM technologies in the Russian construction industry has proven the absence of the system approach and uniform concepts of industry-specific information modelling technologies. Against this background, relevant issues include the strategic objective, or the digital transformation of the industry with the help of a uniform federal information platform, as well as development of long-term models designated for the organization and management of the whole life cycle of capital construction facilities.
 Materials and methods. The article covers features and opportunities provided by digital technologies, including cloud computing and big data, the industrial Internet of things and the blockсhain, in terms of practical prospects and information characteristics of the tasks that include organization of subsystems, participants and construction project stages.
 Results. The structure of an information model designated for the organization and management of a capital construction facility’s life cycle is presented as a set of interrelated information flows for consecutive stages, subsystems and project participants. It’s been proven that traditional principles of organization and management restrain the accumulated powerful potential of digital transformation; therefore, the development of the architecture of a unified BIM platform requires new production concepts for the organization and management of project information flows. The co-authors propose an implementation pattern for the management concept and model: it represents a virtual design company, which organizes interaction between participants of a capital construction project and manages its life cycle according to new information and communication principles.
 Conclusions. A virtual project company integrates the functions of digital integrated production concepts, including the BIM platform, the platform-based production chain and the virtual production corporation, which correspond to the features of transformations of successive stages and the composition of participants contributing to the facility’s life cycle. Any further development and introduction of the concept of a virtual design company can serve as the organizational, technological and structural management base for the whole life cycle of a project and a new pattern of the work process organization and interaction between project developers.

SCHEME FOR ASSIGNING CADASTRAL NUMBERS TO CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

For unambiguous identification of real estate objects, schemes for assigning cadastral numbers were developed, which allow identifying and finding the desired object from millions of others. However not everything is yet resolved in this area. In particular, the scheme for assigning cadastral numbers to capital construction projects requires improvement. The purpose of the work is to develop a mechanism for identifying any object located on a land plot. The relevance of the topic is that the implementation of the proposed scheme provide more accurate identification of objects throughout Russia. The paper analyzes the existing methods of assigning cadastral numbers to real estate, and offers a method to increase the unambiguity of identification of capital construction projects.