Business Texts Research Articles

СТИЛІСТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КИРИЛИЧНИХ ГРАФІТІ ДОМОНГОЛЬСЬКОЇ ДОБИ СОФІЇ КИЇВСЬКОЇ

The article examines the peculiarity of the concept of the linguistic style of the literature of Kyiv Rus, which is closely linked with the traditions of the scientific study of this very “red writing”. The specificity of Old Russian literature as medieval leads to its almost church character, and the specific "simplicity" in the structure of secular literary works of its own, such as "The Word of the Igor's Regiment," forcing researchers to engage in secular business texts, for example, the chronicles that are works of historical the genre. That is, in this case, the peculiarity of the concept of literary language reflecting the peculiarity of the notion of ancient Russian literature, which is by no means the "artistic" literature of the modern type, or fiction. Accordingly, the volume of materials that should serve to study the stylistics of literature of the Kiev Rus era is determined by the peculiarity of scientific ideas about the very literature itself and about the literary language in which it is created. These considerations make us propose as an auxiliary "meter" to study the style of literature of the Kiev Rus age the criterion of reflection or absence of certain poetics in the texts. As is well known, the phenomenon of poetics is legitimately extended to folklore, to contemporary business writing, and to non-folklore oral speech activity. Thus we get the opportunity to define in the same graffiti Kiev Saint Sophia's Cathedral style of church writing and oral canon, folklore and business law. But with such an approach, the bright feature of the stylistics of graffiti Sofia of Kiev in the comparison with the volume similar to the volume of graffiti texts of Novgorod Saint Sofia Cathedral is immediately striking: among the Kiev graphite there is practically no folklore of origin, not to mention the reflection of the pagan rituals that we find on the walls of the Novgorod Saint Sofia Cathedral. This conclusion can be reliably based on statistical data. But when the researchers find in the texts of the XI–XIII centuries. syllabic or "elements of sillabotonism", it is worth reminding of the very probable chance of an appropriate combination of sounds and syllables. It is much more reliable to refer some graffiti to the clerical poem. But we must not forget the hypotheticalness of such identification in general, as well as the fact that only the adaptation of the Byzantine poem to the Slavic language context can be considered.

Constructions with predicative forms with -нo, -тo endings in the modern administrative language

Background. Constructions with predicative forms with -но, -то are the basic means of expression of impersonality as a significant feature of formal writing. They are considered as a constituent of passive paradigm, also with traditionally included constructions with -ся-ending verbs and with predicative participles with -ний, -тий endings. The question of content and status of passive paradigm in the system of the Ukrainian language, hierarchy and structural features of its constituents remains controversial.Purpose. To define the status of constructions with predicative forms with -но, -то endings in the passive paradigm, their structural features, specific of functioning and correlation with other types of passive constructions in administratively-office substyle of the modern Ukrainian language.Methods. In order to achieve the set aims, the following methods are applied: descriptive-analytical, component, distributive, and transformation analysis. Actual material for research has been gathered by the method of continuous sampling from teaching guides and reference books from the formal communication of the end of 20th century – beginning of 21st century.Results. Constructions with -ся-ending verbs are excluded from the passive paradigm in the newest researches, and they are found on the extreme periphery of the syntactic system of the Ukrainian language. However, the active usage of these constructions in the bookish communication demonstrates their gradual transition from extreme periphery to the center of the syntactic system, which results in forming a periphery of passive paradigm by constructions with predicative forms with -но,‑то-endings and participles with ‑ний,‑тий-endings. The choice of this type of passive construction depends mainly on own tastes of compilers of teaching guides and reference books, whose language taste is formed mainly because of the insufficient level of speech culture.Discussion. Impersonality of constructions with ‑но,‑то-ending predicative forms predetermines their prevalence in the documents, where attention is concentrated on completion of action and its result, but not on a performer. More active and communicatively justified usage of organic for the Ukrainian syntax double-base constructions with impersonal forms in the formal communication will cause fixing them as central link of passive paradigm and proceeding the national identity of business texts, because it will approach literary Ukrainian to vivid folk language, which concentrates predicativeness in a verb.

Лінгвокультурологічні аспекти перекладу фразеологічних одиниць у контексті міжнародної бізнес-комунікації

The purpose of the article. The research is based on comparison, generalization and systematization of scientific information on the linguistic phenomenon of phraseological units. In the article we clarify the essence and peculiarities of definitions usage in the aspect of the competent approach of the business English language translation. The work specifies the definition of phraseological units, systematizes the frequency of their use in the field of English business communication translation. Here are considered basic methods of phraseological units translation of business English language. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of business communication as a new interpersonal communication, the specifics, structure and functions of which are caused by business relations between different countries of the world. New phraseologisms, which operate in business texts, are semantic markers of actual events and phenomena of economic, political and cultural life of modern society. Scientific novelty of the work consists in providing a comprehensive functional characteristic of language innovations and aspects of their interpretation in the field of business communication that arise in the process of business sphere evolution and the impact of business on socio-political reality. Conclusions. It is proved that there is a need to preserve the formal component of the official business text while translating and complying with translation strategies for the translation of phraseological expressions. It should be emphasized that when translating such a layer of vocabulary as phraseological expressions it is necessary to use special dictionaries to avoid intercultural misunderstandings.

Identification of the usage of collocations in business texts

This paper considers an algorithm for revealing the multiword combinations and derivative prepositions that are characteristic of Russian business and official speech. The construction of such an algorithm can be considered as a necessary stage of studying business and official speech. The described mechanism can be useful in compiling textbooks, training, and controlling services for both foreigners and native speakers of the Russian language. A word list in the form of an Excel file is created based on the core of collocations that have been already included in existing tutorials. The orders of public authorities published in the public domain on the Internet are used as texts over which the search is made.

Problems of machine translation of business texts from Russian into English

This article draws on the example of business texts to consider practical aspects of the distortion of meaning in translation from one language to another in the available machine translation (MT) systems and their underlying approach based on word-by-word translation. An integrated functional approach to translating business texts is suggested on the basis of analyzing semantic and morphological features of actual text content and also on axiological and epistemic semantic features that bring to light subjective modality. The suggested technique is used to develop an algorithm of business text MT that makes it possible to resolve the word-by-word translation issue and conveys the meanings of short texts. Cases of testing the suggested technique and the derived algorithm are considered for the Russian–English language pair.

Content Analysis of Business-Specific Text Documents: Introducing a German Dictionary

Computer-aided text analyses have gained a lot of attention recently. Applied to different types of business communication such as earnings announcements, analyst reports, or IPO prospectuses, they have been used to extract relevant information for financial market participants. A large number of studies employ dictionary-based approaches by referring to specific word lists. Since these lists have been predominantly compiled for the English language, the respective analyses have focused on English business texts. In order to amplify the application of content analyses to other languages, we create a German dictionary designed to measure the textual sentiment of business communication. Our dictionary is based on the English dictionary by Loughran and McDonald (J Finance 66:35–65. doi: 0.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01625.x, 2011), which is commonly used for examining finance- and accounting-specific texts. We discuss the set-up of our dictionary and extensively test its quality. We further compare our dictionary to German general language dictionaries and to a machine-learning procedure and provide evidence for its ability to capture market-relevant textual sentiment of German business communication.

Viisakusvormidest eesti- ja venekeelsetes ametlikes paralleeltekstides

About polite forms in official parallel texts in Estonian and Russian The article deals with polite forms in Estonian and Russian when addressing an unfamiliar person interested in acquisition of socially important information. The main object of analysis consists in personal pronouns in the function of polite addressing, but other accompanying forms of politeness realisation are also considered: forms of verbs-predicates, etiquette nouns-addresses, proper names. Written business language implemented by means of the paper channel of communication served as the source of language material. Printed matter from various agencies, institutions, and companies (booklets, flyers, etc.) was considered. The study covers business texts of informative, explanatory, instructional, and (to some extent) promotional character, in parallel in Estonian and Russian. The purpose for comparing original documents in Estonian and Russian translations thereof consists in identification of the similarities and differences upon realisation of the politeness principle in primary and secondary texts.

Attitude Expression of the Business Text and Its Translation Study Under the Appraisal Theory

According to the Appraisal Theory put forward by Martin, this paper explores the attitude expression of the business text and its translation. There are several different kinds of business texts which have the same ways to express the textual attitude, including overt and covert presentation. Both overt and covert presentation can convey the positive and negative attitude of the text. While working out the translating work, translators need to know well the attitude of the source text first. And in the process of translation, it is necessary for translators to use corresponding words which can directly express overt attitude of the business text. As for covert attitude, translators need to figure out the implications from the ideational meaning of the words with the help of understanding the specific context. In addition, the translators also need to apply ‘unfaithful’ method to do trnslating work in order to meet the need of target-language readers.

Zero Emotiveness in Business Communication

The aim of this study is to prove that the function of emotiveness in any type of business communication as a linguistic category reflects language design of communicants’ emotion. The concept of zero emotiveness is considered as an example of business communication but a business text can acquire emotiveness. The semantic status of zero emotiveness in a business text has the status of potential. Zero emotiveness is manifested in words with the potential that acquire emotive connotation due to actualization of latent, probabilistic semes of emotiveness or putting semes of emotiveness from consociation to the semantic of neutral words. The degree of emotiveness depends on the status of a business text. Even in strictly standardized and regulated business texts emotiveness is presented in its zero degree.

Relationship building in Vietnamese English written business communication: A systemic functional analysis

AbstractEnglish has a long history in Vietnam and in the last two decades, particularly for business communication, it has developed with an unprecedented speed. Despite this ascendancy, there is an absence of research regarding English in Vietnamese business correspondence. The current study is an in-depth investigation of this with a particular focus on the written features of English, reflecting the importance of written documents in this context. This research was framed within the theoretical perspectives of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). 303 business texts from various business sectors composed by Vietnamese writers were collected. They were then analysed with regard to four SFL variables:speech functions,mood,modalityandterms of addressto establish the nature of the interpersonal written features developing within Vietnam. The findings of the study indicate that the writers employed several linguistic strategies (e.g., using Vietnamese kinship terms and Vietnamese lexis) and non-linguistic strategies (e.g., using emoticons and written giggling) to establish a close relationship with their interactants. Relationship building was also reflected in the employment of politeness strategies to achieve positive politeness effect. These results suggest that SFL is a useful theoretical framework and analytical tool to uncover how English is employed in different socio-cultural contexts to enact social meaning-making processes.

Многоязычие в Великом княжестве Литовском в зеркале древних фамилий

Multilingualism in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as reflected in old antroponymsThis article analyses historical anthroponyms in the Vitebsk and Mogilyov areas of Belarus. The dialects of this area are categorised as transitional within the Balto-Slavic, West-East Slavic and Russian-Belorussian dialect continua. The materials used for the study are business texts from the 15–17th centuries as well as birth registers of the 17th and 18th centuries.The analysis has shown that in the eastern part of Belarus, the surnames of ancient knightly clans of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania are related to the history of a given territory. The anthroponyms reflect the phonetic, lexical, word-formation processes that have taken place in the languages of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. What is characteristic, the anthroponyms in the analysed region often mix and impose ranks. This has been caused by the difficulties in the development of antroponyms, as well as the interference of different languages and the cultural specifics of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

. Когнитивное, семантическое и смысловое пространства официально-деловых текстов

. Когнитивное, семантическое и смысловое пространства официально-деловых текстов

COMENEGO (Corpus Multilingüe de Economía y Negocios): A Metadiscursive Analysis Approach

This paper describes a stage in the COMENEGO project, which is creating comparable corpora of Business texts in order to distribute them among translation practitioners so that they can use this resource when translating economic, business or financial texts. This stage consists of discursive analysis of a pilot specialised corpus initially compiled in French and Spanish. Its textual resources are classified in different categories which need to be confirmed so that they can be useful when including them into the virtual platform which will allow users exploit the corpus and filter their searches according to their specific needs. The aim of this paper is to propose a discursive analysis approach based on the concept of ‘metadiscourse’ (Hyland, 2005).

Why South Africa's proposed advertising ban matters

Why South Africa's proposed advertising ban matters

Sexism in General Business Texts

Sexism in General Business Texts

A Comparative Study of Ideational Grammatical Metaphor in Business and Political Texts

Grammatical Metaphor constitutes a key building block of Systemic Linguistics and has a great contribution to the theory of metaphor. This paper addresses itself to the first type of grammatical metaphor, i.e. the ideational one. In ideational metaphors, lexico-grammatical features constitute alternative ways of constructing a picture of reality. The main objective of the current work is to analyze a corpus comprising three business and three political texts. . The texts were analyzed to see how many instances of ideational metaphor are used and what the respective frequencies are, as well as the role and function of ideational metaphor in business and political texts. The analysis brought out the finding that ideational metaphor has indeed pervaded political and business texts. Nominalization has been used in both of the genres, turning the process (verb) to a concept (noun). As a consequence, the tone of the writing sounds more abstract and more formal. In business, the instances of grammatical metaphor aren’t coloured and fuelled by relations of power and ideology. In politics, however, they evidence indicators of uneven power by discursive agents of dominance. Some implications accrue to these findings, as well as some qualitative conclusions, in reference to discourse and translation studies, or teachers involved in writing instruction, to name only a few.

The strategic plan as a genre

Despite the growing interest in developing a micro-level understanding of strategy practices, there are few studies focusing on the official textual expression of these practices in the form of strategic plans. Using a large corpus of strategic plans from public and third sector organizations, this article examines the particular features of the strategic plan genre of communication. This corpus is systematically compared with nine other corpora derived from the same general domain (business texts) or having similar expected characteristics. Our analysis combines linguistic analysis with an analysis of the moves characteristic of the genre. The article seeks to advance a genre-based view of strategy practices to study the professional and institutional practices of strategists.

Induction of emotional states by reading aloud texts with various emotional valences and changes in the EEG power in the β and γ frequency bands

The EEG power in the β1, β2, and γ frequency bands during reading according to the method of “self-regulatory utterance” was compared in subjects reading aloud emotionally neutral business texts related to an unknown field of activity, fiction texts with clear positive or negative valences or personally important autobiographic texts with similar emotional valences. Two groups of subjects participated in the study: students training to be actors (N = 22) and students with other specializations (N = 23). We observed higher values of the EEG power in the γ (30–40 Hz) and β2 (18.5–29.5 Hz) frequency bands when comparing the states during reading of emotionally positive and emotionally negative fiction texts and personally important texts. These data are similar to our previous studies with the use of techniques that apply internal induction of positive or negative emotions without speech, in different groups of subjects. Internal induction of positive emotions was associated with an increase in the EEG power in these bands compared to the performance of an emotionally neutral task, whereas induction of negative emotions resulted in a decrease in the EEG power.

When and why do translators add connectives?

Additions and omissions of connectives (e.g. conjunctions, connective adverbs, etc.) are a frequent phenomenon in translation. The present article reports on a study whose aim was to elucidate translators’ motivations for performing such shifts, focusing on the addition of connectives. The study was carried out on a bidirectional parallel corpus containing translations of business texts between English and German. Connective additions and omissions were identified, counted and analyzed taking into account the surrounding linguistic context of the shift in question, possibly associated shifts performed by the translator, alternative translation options, etc. It was found that the vast majority of identified shifts were attributable to previously established English-German contrasts in terms of syntax, lexis, and communicative norms. The findings suggest that it is unnecessary to assume that translators follow a “universal strategy” of explicitation, as it has often been done in the literature (cf. e.g. Blum-Kulka’s Explicitation Hypothesis).

The history of Canadian marketing: from the seventeenth century to World War II

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a briefly annotated bibliography of some 200 items that together constitute a “select list” of the available academic literature on the history of Canadian marketing from the seventeenth century to the beginning of Second World War.Design/methodology/approachAfter all the available academic literature on Canadian marketing the authors could uncover was examined, the most relevant, interesting, and accessible material was identified and annotated. In addition, all of the literature considered in any way pertinent was added to a more complete bibliography available on the CHARM web site.FindingsThough existing Canadian business and economic history texts and courses tend to pay far more attention to other topics, there is a rich and varied literature on the history of Canadian marketing.Research limitations/implicationsNo selections are included from either archival sources or the popular press nor are unpublished theses or dissertations cited.Originality/valueThis appears to be the first annotated bibliography on the history of Canadian marketing ever to have been compiled and published.