Brazilian Civil Procedure Code Research Articles

BENEFÍCIOS ECONÔMICOS DA MEDIAÇÃO EMPRESARIAL NO CENÁRIO BRASILEIRO

ABSTRACT This study aims to measure the economic benefits of business mediation in Brazil compared to lawsuits, investigating whether choosing mediation to resolve a business conflict is more economically advantageous than filing a lawsuit in the judiciary and whether opting for extrajudicial mediation to settle a business dispute is more economically advantageous than reaching an agreement in judicial mediation. The research, conducted in the Southeast region of Brazil after the implementation of the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure in 2016, employed quantitative methods, analyzing 397 judicial processes. The results indicated that extrajudicial mediation is the most cost-effective option, while the judicial lawsuit is the most costly. This article provides essential information for businesses to make informed decisions in the resolution of business disputes

Economic incentives of legal fees to public attorneys under the Brazilian Civil Procedural Code

Among the legal changes brought by the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code of 2015, there is a section that ruled that the attorneys’ fees shall be paid to public attorneys when any governmental entity is the wining party in a lawsuit. The present article analyses the incentives that such rule created to the public attorneys’ performance, based on the theory of the Economic Analyses of Law. Among the preliminary conclusions, is the inference that such rule created low and negligible incentives to the performance of federal government’s public attorneys and created high and significant incentives to municipal and state public attorneys, who are encouraged to perform in a way to maximize their individual gains, even when it is contrary to the public’s interest.

A divergência nas cortes e na literatura: a técnica de ampliação do colegiado e o conto "The Minority Report"

This paper is an analysis of how the event of outvoting is seen in the Brazilian procedural order, especially regarding the introduction of a technique for expanding the number of court members, which replaced the Motions for Reconsideration in the edition of the 2015 Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure. The research is developed from the narrative lived by the character John Anderton, of the short story The Minority Report, by Philip K. Dick. The relevance of the study comes from the need to evaluate the recent, deep changes in procedural law when it comes to dissenting opinions in court. The investigation is of bibliographic-documental type, with an analogy between the literary and the legal environments, in a theoretical research with qualitative approach, descriptive and exploratory regarding the results. The conclusion is that, similarly to fiction, the new judgement technique seeks to grant the debate within courts regarding the event of outvoting, with aims at providing more rationality to trials and avoiding a merely formal approach to dissent.

Case Management and the European Rules of Civil Procedure: An Analysis in the Light of the Brazilian Experience of the 2015 Civil Procedure Code

Case management has been regarded as a central element in the European Rules of Civil Procedure (ERCP). The present work seeks to highlight this centrality by demonstrating how case management is linked to the fundamental norms of proportionality, cooperation, and the stimulus to resolution by settlements, serving as a fundamental duty of the court and the parties to deal in a cheap, quick, and fair way with individual and collective conflicts. The text compares rules of case management of the ERCP with some norms and doctrines emerging from the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code and decisions of the Supreme Courts in Brazil.

A Recorribilidade das Decisões de Competência Mediante Agravo de Instrumento: Fundamentos

O presente artigo é um aperfeiçoamento e ampliação das ideias iniciais a respeito da possibilidade de interposição do recurso de agravo de instrumento no Código de Processo Civil de 2015, em face da inovação e da taxatividade das suas hipóteses. Após os debates iniciais, a jurisprudência dos Tribunais avançou e definiu alguns rumos novos ao tema. Neste texto, centram-se as ideias na possibilidade ou não da interposição desde recurso nos casos de decisões sobre a competência e outras matérias que não foram abordadas pelo legislador quando da edição do Novo Código de Processo Civil brasileiro. A base da atualização proposta para o presente trabalho está centrada no fato de que, no ano de 2019, o Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), atribuiu novo entendimento para o recurso de agravo de instrumento, ampliando a possibilidade da interposição desse recurso, bem como propondo grandes debates acadêmicos, doutrinários e jurisprudenciais sobre o tema.

Limites cognitivos à homologação judicial de acordos

This work intends to expose and analyze transformations occurred with the advent of the new Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure and the Mediation Law with regard to cognitive limits to judicial homologation of agreement. The central issue is linked to the form of compatibility of the magistrate's performance with the will of the parties in the activity of judicial ratification of agreements, with the definition of which themes and matters may or may not be considered by the judge in this act.

A Disruptive Novelty in the New Brazilian Civil Procedure Code: Prospective Overruling

This article deals with a very interesting legal problem, which consists of the retrospective effect of changes in case law. This is, in fact, what really happens: old cases are decided in the light of a new rule. In some countries, a possible solution has been thought of, and it consists of prospective overruling. Even in civil law jurisdictions, where traditionally it is difficult to face the idea that judges effectively create law, some legal writers have expressed their concern in relation to the need to protect those who trusted the former rule, and acted accordingly.

As medidas estruturantes e a compatibilidade com o direito processual brasileiro

This paper explores the possibility of applying structuring injunctions in Brazilian civil procedural law. Utilizing literature review, this study explores whether the Brazilian, constitutional and infraconstitutional normative system is apt for the adoption of structuring injunctions without contradicting or affronting the current legal system. To this end, this article analyzes the constitutional principles of access to justice, the division of state functions, as well as the principles of demand and correlation. It also studies legislative innovations of the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure of 2015, specifically the general procedural clauses and the principle of collaboration. This study then goes on to study article 21 of the Law of Introduction to Norms of Brazilian Law, which adopts explicitly the use of structural measures in the judicial decision-making process.

A Defensoria Pública no Novo Código de Processo Civil: consolidação da instituição como instrumento de superação dos obstáculos ao acesso à Justiça

Aborda-se no presente trabalho as normas do Novo Código de Processo Civil que versam sobre a Defensoria Pública e sua atuação como instituição essencial à função jurisdicional do Estado, responsável pelo acesso à Justiça das pessoas necessitadas. Analisa-se se o NCPC/2015 trouxe inovações e avanços no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro sobre o tema. Constatou-se, da análise da legislação, da doutrina e da jurisprudência pátrias que, apesar de não haver integral ineditismo das inovações normativas, a nova legislação processual representou um avanço sobre a temática da Defensoria Pública e do acesso à Justiça no Brasil, especialmente na confirmação de seu real papel.

El Derecho Internacional en Banksy: interlocuciones entre derecho internacional, filosofía política y street art

Due to the increase in activities across borders, legal cooperation between countries has been increasingly promoted, thereby assuming a significant role in the current international context of a globalized world. In this sense, the act of legal cooperation appears as an important mechanism to guarantee access to justice, as well as to achieve effective judicial protection beyond national borders. From this premise, it is intended to undertake a study from the dynamics of the current international reality to the new Brazilian paradigm of international legal cooperation, above all, seeking to emphasize innovations and improvements in the cooperation mechanisms provided by the New Brazilian Civil Procedure Code (Law no 13.105 / 2015).In this way, the work is structured in two chapters, in the first one a contextualization of the current dynamics of international reality will be addressed and in the second chapter the mechanisms of international legal cooperation in force in the Brazilian civil procedural diploma will be specifically analyzed.

Esfera jurídica em destaque: Um olhar sobre o gênero petição inicial

Com base na importância que o Direito possui para a sociedade, uma vez que, de uma forma ou de outra, encontra-se presente na história dos indivíduos, é relevante conhecermos melhor os gêneros discursivos da esfera jurídica. Nesse sentido, nosso objetivo é investigar um desses gêneros, a petição inicial, tendo em vista seus aspectos temáticos, composicionais e estilísticos. Para tanto, recolhemos 25 exemplares de petições iniciais no site oficial do Tribunal de Justiça de Bahia (TJ/BA), escritas por advogados diferentes. Em relação ao conceito de gêneros discursivos, utilizamos, como fundamento teórico, a Filosofia da Linguagem de Bakhtin (2003). Na seara jurídica, valemo-nos de teóricos como Didier (2015), de manuais de Direito e do Código de Processo Civil brasileiro (CPC) – (Lei nº 13.105/2015). A partir de nossas análises, constatamos que a petição inicial é um gênero rígido, bastante padronizado e com poucas possibilidades de entradas individuais.

Judges and Lawmaking Authority: The New Brazilian Civil Procedure Code and the Limits of How a Civil Law Judge Could Act As a Common Law Judge

This article intends to compare two distinguished legal systems, by the perspective of the role of judges and how this officer of the court applies and interprets the law. This paper focuses on how and when judges are allowed to create the law within their judicial decisions. In this sense, we analyze how application and interpretation of the law fit within the legal concept of discretion and, in case of adopting the possibility in which the judicial authority carries out this prerogative. Also, it is taken into account how different judicial discretion comes from legislative and administrative discretion. Taking law application and interpretation as an exercise of judicial discretion is a key element to allow us to identify the way the judges create the law in civil law and common law systems. This reasoning will lead us to find elements to understand the purpose and length of a trend seen in countries in Latin America such as Brazil and its new Civil Procedure Code, which focuses on importing means from common law system to increase the efficiency of Judiciary Power, in order to attend social needs.

Judges and Lawmaking Authority: The New Brazilian Civil Procedure Code and the Limits of How a Civil Law Judge Could Act as a Common Law Judge

This article intends to compare two distinguished legal systems, by the perspective of the role of judges and how this officer of the court applies and interprets the law. This paper focuses on how and when judges are allowed to create the law within their judicial decisions. In this sense, we analyze how application and interpretation of the law fit within the legal concept of discretion and, in case of adopting the possibility in which the judicial authority carries out this prerogative. Also, it is taken into account how different judicial discretion comes from legislative and administrative discretion. Taking law application and interpretation as an exercise of judicial discretion is a key element to allow us to identify the way the judges create the law in civil law and common law systems. This reasoning will lead us to find elements to understand the purpose and length of a trend seen in countries in Latin America such as Brazil and its new Civil Procedure Code, which focuses on importing means from common law system to increase the efficiency of Judiciary Power, in order to attend social needs.

The Application of Judicial Precedents as a Way to Reduce Brazilians Tax Lawsuits

This article aims to analyze the thesis that the application of the doctrine of precedent, originated in England, could reduce judicial litigation in Brazil, mainly in tax law procedures, such as tax enforcement. Brazil Law applies Civil Law, which means that the law is based on the principle of legality. However, the Brazilian Judiciary System is costly and has lower effectiveness. To deal with these problems, the National Congress has changed the law, providing mechanisms from the Common Law, mainly by introducing the binding precedents system. Respect for precedent is a requirement of the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code of 2015. However, the theory of precedent was developed in a society culturally very different from the Brazilian, which leads to the need for comparisons such as the exposed here that will justify the differences facing the source procedure that will undoubtedly occur. However, there are doubts if the transformation of the legal system will reduce the impressive figures of judicial cases. Nevertheless, the conclusion is definite. The precedent theory involves techniques that can potentially reduce tax lawsuits, representing a significant number of all legal disputes in Brazil. This conclusion was reached through data analysis, some doctrinal sources, and, mainly, by the author’s reflections. This mix of scientific method verifies the hypothesis: describes and analyses the system and presents a definite conclusion.

Judicial Case Management: The Stay of Pending Claims in Repetitive Cases Provided by the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code of 2015

Judicial Case Management: The Stay of Pending Claims in Repetitive Cases Provided by the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code of 2015

PENHORA DE VALORES: A APLICABILIDADE DO SISTEMA PERANTE O PRINCÍPIO CONSTITUCIONAL DA DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA

O presente artigo possui como objetivo a análise da aplicação do sistema Bacen Jud a fim de efetivar a restrição de valores, admitida pelo Código de Processo Civil e a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, em confronto com a observância do princípio constitucional da dignidade humana. Ele visa explorar o avanço das tecnologias onde se possibilitou que houvesse maior celeridade na efetivação de restrição de valores, sendo esta a primeira opção de garantia processual prevista no art. 835 do Código de Processo Civil. Por outro lado, embora o uso do sistema Bacen Jud, feito através de comunicação instantânea aos bancos e cooperativas, seja importante, vem à tona a questão da ponderação e da moderação de seu uso, uma vez que o uso indiscriminado do sistema pode gerar interferência na esfera íntima do sujeito no que tange à dignidade dos direitos humanos e fundamentais. Analisa-se, ainda, o art. 833 do Código de Processo Civil, que apresenta o rol de impenhorabilidades no caso de valores a fim de garantir uma execução menos onerosa ao executado na solução da lide. Assim, pretende-se demonstrar que a tecnologia é nossa aliada, mas é fundamental que sejam resguardados os direitos e garantias individuais e coletivas previstas na Constituição e em nosso ordenamento brasileiro.

A efetividade das normas fundamentais no âmbito da ação civil pública: um enfoque nos litígios coletivos à luz do novo Código de Processo Civil brasileiro

O presente artigo tem como objetivo geral demonstrar a importância da efetividade das normas fundamentais – força normativa dos princípios - previstas na Parte Geral do Novo Código de Processo Civil brasileiro – CPC/2015 – na medida em que haja a adequação às especificidades do procedimento da ação civil pública, notadamente, no que tange à representatividade adequada. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, o trabalho se desenvolve nos seguintes tópicos: ação civil pública como procedimento especial, breve histórico, objeto tutelado, litígios coletivos; as normas fundamentais do CPC/2015; os litígios coletivos e a efetividade das normas dos direitos fundamentais. Adota-se, aqui, o entendimento de que a ação civil púbica é um procedimento especial em decorrência não tão somente em razão do objeto tutelado - os direitos coletivos latu sensu, mas também em decorrência dos litígios coletivos que são apresentados ao Estado-juiz. Não obstante a tais peculiaridades encontradas neste procedimento especial, os envolvidos neste, em destaque, a Defensoria Pública na promoção dos direitos dos necessitados, devem observar e aplicar o diploma processual civil pátrio, sobretudo, no que diz respeito às normas fundamentais.

A criação de um cadastro nacional de poluidores como hipótese de monetização dos riscos ambientais

O presente estudo tem por escopo apresentar a possibilidade da criação de um cadastro nacional de poluidores, visando internalizar ao produto os custos sociais da exploração do meio ambiente, conforme relação entre direito e economia, bem como através dos princípios constitucionais da informação e da participação democrática em matéria ambiental, uma vez que o art. 782, §3º, do Novo Código de Processo Civil possibilita a inclusão do nome de devedores em cadastros de inadimplentes.

A ata notarial, a prova e o novo código de processo civil

Partindo da constatação de um progressivo e preocupante congestionamento do Poder Judiciário brasileiro, o qual culmina na necessidade de buscar caminhos alternativos para desafogar o sistema de justiça e aprimorar a prestação jurisdicional, o presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar o instituto jurídico da ata notarial, enquanto instrumento hábil a contribuir para o crescente movimento de desjudicialização. Considerado como meio atípico de prova na vigência do Código de Processo Civil de 1973, a ata notarial ganhou destaque no ordenamento jurídico com a promulgação do Código de Processo Civil de 2015, recebendo o atributo de meio típico de prova. Diante disso, este estudo pretende realizar uma reflexão jurídica a respeito do contexto jurídico-histórico inerente a essa relevante alteração legislativa, bem como analisar os benefícios que podem ser alcançados com a nova roupagem conferida a este importante meio de prova, considerando o relevante papel dos notários e registradores como agentes do processo de desjudicialização. O trabalho faz uso do método hipotético-dedutivo de abordagem, sendo o tipo de pesquisa a bibliográfica, a partir de livros e artigos científicos.

The Influences of Common Law on the Brazilian New Code of Civil Procedure

AbstractMost legal scholars assume that there are only two “families” of legal systems in the world: common law and civil law. Briefly, common law is applied in all countries that speak the English language and has its origination from the “habits of society.” On the other hand, civil law is applied just about everywhere else, with a few exceptions, such as in tribal law areas, jurisdictions that follow Islamic law, and a few other smaller legal systems. Brazil's New Code of Civil Procedure was promulgated in 2015 and brought innovations to Brazilian law. Elements of common law were incorporated into the Brazilian legal system, particularly that of using precedent. The application of common law elements in Brazilian law is being studied by various legal specialists. This present study explains how common law can be applied in civil law jurisdictions, similar to the way it is being adapted and applied in Brazil.