Branches Of Economy Research Articles

АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ БЮДЖЕТУВАННЯ ВИТРАТ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to the study of the current problems of developing the budget structure and budgeting the costs of construction enterprises. The analysis of the dynamics of construction in Ukraine for 2012-2022, conducted according to statistical data, showed an increase in production volumes, despite the impact of negative factors. It is emphasized that the economic and managerial aspects of the activity of construction enterprises, including drawing up a consolidated budget, are largely determined by the specific features of construction as a branch of the economy. When developing the list and structure of operating budgets, construction enterprises need to take into account both their own production capacity and the rhythm of the supply of raw materials, materials and components, and a number of influencing factors. It is important to make assumptions about the probability of external influence on the components of construction works by other participants in the construction process (investors, designers, subcontractors, etc.). Thus, changes in the schedule of investment receipts, non-compliance with the terms of the contract by suppliers of raw materials or materials, inaccuracy of the developed estimate documentation can lead to additional costs. Since construction is one of the most material-intensive industries, preparation of the budget for material costs is of priority. It is noted that the budgeting of the wage component and deductions for social events should contribute to the motivation of workers at existing enterprises and reduce the turnover of qualified personnel in conditions of labor shortage. Due to budgeting, it is possible to carry out preliminary control over costs, in order to prevent irrational use of resources and to check compliance with the accepted standards of costs for individual construction works. It was determined that the budgeting process, as an element of financial planning, has prospects for use in calculating the forecasted values of the revenues of enterprises of the relevant branch of the national economy, which is especially important in the conditions of recession of the country's economy in a state of war.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ КУЛЬТУРЫ КАК ОТРАСЛИ ЭКОНОМИКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОСТИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОГО ОБЩЕСТВА

The article examines the theoretical aspects of cultural security, the formation of a system of protection of the cultural sphere as a branch of the economy in a post-industrial society characterized by humanization, automation and informatization of production, intellectualization of labor and expansion of the service sector. The description of the algorithmics in identifying social and economic risks in the culture of the state using a risk-based approach is given. The article describes the digital opportunities existing in the post-industrial economic system, which allow effective interaction at all levels of government on issues of eliminating risks and threats in culture as a branch of the state economy.

Особливості розвитку ринку транспортних послуг

The article examines the main trends in the development of the transport logistics market in terms of passenger and cargo transportation. The main factors that determine the activity from the perspective of the dynamics of the development of transport companies have been analytically investigated. The economic activity of the transport industry was analyzed with studies of the structural components of the freight and passenger transport markets, as well as the basic dependencies of functioning with their influence on the dynamics of the development of the logistics market. The trends of transport logistics are considered based on the study of the characteristics and features of transportation by types of transport. The basic customers of customers of transport companies that form a stable portfolio of orders for transport services have been determined, in particular it has been proven that the stability of the growth of the transport and logistics market, the growth of transportation volumes in Ukraine is based on the transportation of goods that are directly or indirectly related to the field of agro-industrial complex and road construction branches of the country's economy. It was established that during the five pre-war years in Ukraine, the share of transportation by road and rail transport has a steady trend of growth based on the increase in demand for transportation of the specified branches of the country's economy, which confirms the establishment of a positive trend for the transport and logistics market. The commodity and consumer markets, together with the logistics services market, have interrelated directions of development and generally remain balanced, while the road and rail transportation market shows a steady growth trend with a predicted probability of slowing growth rates. The results of the study can be used in forecasting the level of stability of logistics services market segments, taking into account cargo and passenger transportation by types of transport, as well as for improving or updating tools for planning the work of transport forwarding, logistics and transportation enterprises.

Economists and Their Fan-clubs: The Distribution of Recognition in Russian Economic Science

Economists and Their Fan-clubs: The Distribution of Recognition in Russian Economic Science

Accelerating human-computer interaction through convergent conditions for LLM explanation.

The article addresses the accelerating human-machine interaction using the large language model (LLM). It goes beyond the traditional logical paradigms of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) by considering poor-formalizable cognitive semantical interpretations of LLM. XAI is immersed in a hybrid space, where humans and machines have crucial distinctions during the digitisation of the interaction process. The author's convergent methodology ensures the conditions for making XAI purposeful and sustainable. This methodology is based on the inverse problem-solving method, cognitive modeling, genetic algorithm, neural network, causal loop dynamics, and eigenform realization. It has been shown that decision-makers need to create unique structural conditions for information processes, using LLM to accelerate the convergence of collective problem solving. The implementations have been carried out during the collective strategic planning in situational centers. The study is helpful for the advancement of explainable LLM in many branches of economy, science and technology.

Proizvodnja i stanje tržišta kukuruza po principima održivog razvoja

The constant pretension of people for food indicates the importance of agriculture and technology, and places them among the most important economic branches. Agriculture in the modern world ensures the general progress of society in the economic and cultural aspects and represents an economic branch that ensures the material survival of mankind. Given the fact that the world's population is growing faster and that the need for daily food is constantly increasing, it is neces sary to start as soon as possible with the implementation of sustainable methods in agricultural production at all levels. Corn, as an agricultural product, is of great importance for the sustainable development of agriculture and belongs to field wide-row crops, which belongs to the group of cereals. Cultivation of this culture is best achieved in climatic conditions, from moderate to tropical, where in the periods of the year when daily average temperatures do not fall below 15 °C, they belong to C-4 plants, which do not tolerate low temperatures. New varieties and hybrids of corn enable higher and more stable yields in different climates, which implies that the correct selection of hybrids is sustainable development, not only for the corn crop and its price as a product on the cereal market. The subject of the paper is to point out the importance of sustainable development for the corn market as an agricultural product. The aim of the work is to assess the possibility of sustainable corn production in order to create a competitive product for the foreign market, as well as the potential and advantages of Serbia for the implementation of new or corrected production technologies that are characterized by respect for the principles of sustainable development.

An Introduction to Game Theory

Game theory is a branch of mathematics and economics that offers a unique lens through which to analyze strategic interactions among rational decision-makers. This paper provides a concise introduction to the fundamental concepts and applications of game theory. It explores the core components of games, including players, strategies, and payoffs, and distinguishes between normal form and extensive form games. Key classic games, such as the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Nash Equilibrium, are discussed to illustrate core principles. The paper also highlights the diverse applications of game theory in economics, political science, biology, and psychology, showcasing its versatility as a tool for understanding human behavior and decision-making in various fields. Whether you are a student new to the subject or a professional seeking a refresher, this introduction to game theory lays the foundation for a deeper appreciation of strategic thinking and its real-world implications.

Performance indicators model assessment for water system quality and supply in Montenegro

The paper researches water quality, supply and management system assessment problems of the Montenegrin costal region. A significant problem is generated by seasonal tourism, the main branch of Montenegrin costal economy. The selected performance indicators model has been tested in the water supply system of the city Herceg Novi, as a representative experimental system for the Montenegrin costal area. The city Herceg Novi has 33.000 permanent residents and around 80.000 individual consumers during the summer touristic season. The research activities are based on the seasonal parameters defined by the monitored performance indicators of the water supply system. The study depicts the developed indicators performance model based on the obtained experimental monitoring data. Within the experimental analytical research performance an indicator matrix was established. The coastal area of Montenegro is experiencing over 50 % of water loss. Structure developed in the model applies the performance indicators and results in systematic losses reduction. The model takes into account the principle of seasonality, and the existence of two completely different periods of the year. This type of the experimental research with testing in situ was for the first time performed and implemented in the costal Adriatic region of Montenegro.

The High-Quality Development of the Esports Industry in the Yangtze River Delta Region

eSports, as an active branch of the digital economy, has generated widespread influence globally and is exhibiting rapid development momentum in the Yangtze River Delta region. Based on an in-depth study of the eSports industry in this region, this paper analyzes the macro trends and micro mechanisms of the industry's development. Through empirical data and case studies, a systematic exploration of the development of the eSports industry in the Yangtze River Delta region is conducted. The research first clarifies the support policies for the eSports industry development by the governments of the three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta and examines their effects. It reveals the positive role these policies play in promoting the formation and expansion of the regional game industry clusters. Secondly, it provides a detailed analysis of the evolution of internal enterprise cooperation and innovation models within the industry and uses models to predict main future trends of industry ecological changes. The paper also offers a rigorous assessment of the challenges, potential risks, and the impacts on the economic and cultural aspects faced by the industry's sustainable development, proposing strategies and recommendations to achieve ongoing advantages in global competition. Specifically, the research delves into how the eSports industry can leverage new information technologies, such as 5G networks, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics, as well as explores the potential for cross-integration with other industries, including education, tourism, and retail. The research also analyzes the region's global strategic layout of the eSports industry from an international perspective, focusing on the positive impact of international competitions on local economic development and brand image enhancement. In addition, through detailed studies of the eSports user group, it analyses how users' needs, consumer behavior, and market dynamics can promote the industry's healthy development. The paper also critically reflects on the social responsibility and ethical issues of quality development in the eSports industry, examining its potential effects on promoting social harmony and cultural dissemination, as well as its impact on the healthy growth of adolescents. By employing comprehensive research methods, this paper not only explores beneficial growth paths and models for the eSports industry in the Yangtze River Delta region but also provides strategic decision-making support for local businesses and government departments. It contributes to the mutual development and cooperation within and beyond the region's eSports industry chain. Towards the end of the study, the paper forecasts new opportunities and challenges for the Yangtze River Delta region in the global eSports industry due to the introduction of new technologies and changes in the international competitive landscape. It emphasizes the need to develop long-term plans and enhance the regional industrial support system. In conclusion, this research defines the position and role of the Yangtze River Delta region in the global eSports industry, analyzes key points for high-quality development strategies, and offers profound theoretical insights and practical guidance for promoting innovation, collaboration, and sustainable growth within the regional eSports industry.

ФАКТОРИ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ПРИВАБЛИВОСТІ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines factors of Ukraine's investment attractiveness and ways of its activation. The modern legislative regulation of the activation of investment activities and the statistical dynamics of investments in the domestic economy are considered. It was noted about the effective legislative incentives of the laws of Ukraine "Regarding risk insurance of investments in Ukraine against war risks" and "On state support of investment projects with significant investments in Ukraine". The main tasks of the legislative decisions of the government during the full-scale military invasion of the occupiers are the activation and support of the innovative environment in Ukraine, the attraction of strategic investors to the domestic economy, and the provision of state support for large investment projects. This especially applies to such branches of the national economy as processing industry, extraction and beneficiation of minerals, transport, logistics, health care, etc. But this support will refer to large investment projects, namely, investment amounts must be equivalent to 12 million euros and the term of implementation of such projects should not exceed 5 years. The most active international companies are noted. Guarantees offered by the domestic government to foreign investors are given. Actual and planned reinvestments since the beginning of the military invasion of Ukraine are given. The international rankings of Ukraine are given. According to the rating compiled on the basis of research by Aswat Damodaran from the Stern School of Business at New York University, Ukraine is among the 20 countries in the world with a high investment risk. The rating was formed with the factors of political risk, economic structure, economic growth prospects, fiscal flexibility, debt burden of the public administration sector, stability of the financial sector, flexibility of monetary policy and gross and net external debt. The areas of activation of investment attractiveness in Ukraine are recommended - in the state and banking systems, and in the sphere of regulation of the market environment.

ВІД ФІНАНСОВОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ ДО РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ: КЛЮЧОВІ ПРІОРИТЕТИ

The article analyzes the issues of rural development in Ukraine, focusing on its economic and social aspects. It emphasizes that over the past decade, the agricultural sector has transformed into a powerful branch of Ukraine's national economy, significantly influencing macroeconomic trends. Global food market trends have become an additional factor in the development of the domestic agricultural sector, positioning Ukraine as one of the key players in this segment. In specific sectors, Ukraine is a leader in the global food market and has maintained its competitive position for an extended period. Specific mechanisms of financial support are employed to support agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. However, even within the agricultural sector itself, attitudes toward this support are mixed. Positive evaluations are often overshadowed by the complexity and bias of various procedures, the limited number of enterprises eligible for such support, and the resource shortages allocated to finance the corresponding programs. It is essential to acknowledge that the main focus of existing financial incentives is to stimulate increased agricultural production volumes. However, this approach largely ignores the social challenges of rural development, exacerbates the distortions inherent in urbanization, and creates strategic threats to the development of rural areas. In particular, there is a highly concerning situation regarding skilled labor, with many rural communities lacking social infrastructure. Unemployment and low wages demotivate rural residents. Over the past decades, the agricultural sector has experienced a true “technological breakthrough”. However, the shift in technology has also transformed labor requirements, adding pressure to the socio-economic aspects of rural development. It is argued that the state must shift from merely stimulating the agricultural sector to fostering comprehensive rural development. If a comprehensive approach to the development of rural areas is ignored, in the medium term it will lead to the stagnation of the agricultural sector of Ukraine under the pressure of economic and social problems.

Značaj menadžmenta u razvoju gradskog turizma u Srbiji

Tourism today plays an increasingly important role in the economy, and its further growth depends on the coordinated development and adaptation of the tourist product to modern market trends, where different forms of tourism of special interest are gaining more and more importance. City tourism is one of the special forms of tourism that offers this branch of the Serbian economy a long-term competitive advantage. The main strength of the city's tourist destination is the attraction complexes, which have two functions - to attract the guest and fulfill his expectations. The potential of this demand can be fully utilized by a planned and coordinated approach to the development of this tourist product. The development of urban tourism will also mean a better place for residents to live, and economic benefits for the entire community will be brought not only by higher tourist demand, but also by increased consumption of the local population stimulated by a more attractive place to live created by the development of tourist facilities. Despite numerous attractions and values, Serbian tourist products have not been properly marketed, adequately developed, nor presented and commercialized on the international tourist market. Serbia must significantly raise the competitiveness and attractiveness of tourist products through respectable world experiences and its own innovations, relying on those products and business sectors in tourism that have a global perspective and where Serbia can build global competitiveness.

NATURAL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE: CONSEQUENCES AND RISKS OF RUSSIAN AGGRESSION

The natural resources of Ukraine are suffering from russia forces. Ukraine is known as one of Europe’s largest grain producers. Ukraine is a major exporter of wheat (accounts for 10% of world exports), corn (15%), barley (15%), and sunflower (especially oil – 50%). The ongoing the Russian-Ukrainian war strengthens the unstable economic system in country. Military actions influence the environment of Ukraine in terms of climate change, soil and impact on agriculture, water security and supply. According to this, grain production in Ukraine decreased by 40%, and structure of crop losses due to war: wheat – 39%, sunflowers – 17%, corn – 12%, barley – 8%, fruits and berries – 3%, other crops – 21%. In addition, the Russian-Ukrainian war has impacted water availability and quality (risk for water resources), soil quality and degradation (risk for soil resources), forest health and productivity and habitat of species (risk for biological resources). For instance, the description of sewage treatment plants (the sewage treatment facilities were shelled in the city of Mykolaiv city, the sewage treatment facilities in the village of Novotroitske, Volnovasky district, Donetsk oblast were damaged etc. ), disruption of water supply to the crop production (damaged irrigation systems in Ukraine: 94% in the Kherson region, 74% in the Zaporizhia region, 30% in the Dnipropetrovsk region ), pollution of the surface and underground waters (massive flooding of military equipment and ammunition in reservoirs, leaks of oil products and other chemical compounds). In this article, we analyzed of the environmental situation under the impact of russian aggression on the state of natural resources of the country and justification of the consequences of this impact; identified the determination of the main risks for providing the country with food and the branches of the national economy with water supply, as well as the preservation of environmental components; proposed the development of proposals for the assessment of environmental damage to the environment as a result of the military aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine. We have identified the main risk: for food safety (the impact of military actions on soil resources – a risk of reduced food provision potential due to the loss of land productivity, since up to 30% of agricultural land is mined and according to the results of 2022, the crop yield losses has reached 17%); for environmental safety (the impact on military actions on water resources – damaged the dams and drainage systems, destruction of sewage treatment plants, seizure of hydroelectric power plants, and mining of coastline caused bacterial (oil products, lubricants) and organic (biogenic substances) pollution of water bodies and water shortages for the population (complete absence of water supply in temporarily occupied territories) and agriculture (irrigation networks were affected)); for protection of ecosystems (up to 20% of the reserve fund has already been affected, 600 species of fauna and 750 species of flora, including those listed in the Red Data Book, are threatened with extinction).

SOME ASPECTS OF REVIVAL OF THE AGRARIAN SPHERE OF UKRAINE

The agrosphere during the Russian-Ukrainian war remains one of the leading branches of the national economy of Ukraine in providing the population with food products, a component of the food security of the country and the countries of the world, which determines the relevance of the study. The development of the economy is hindered by modern problems: force majeure of the consequences of the war, the loss of human capital and material and moral values, and at the same time - the desire for recovery and further development, relying on European innovations and the institutional basis of the effectiveness of state regulation, taking into account the risks of the operation of agricultural sector facilities. Structured needs and investment in reconstruction and recovery. Formed features of the state support program for the agricultural sector of the economy in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022–2024.

Research on the Development Path of Digital Enabled Smart Agriculture in Heilongjiang Province

The development of smart agriculture requires the support of digital technology, digital talents, and digital capabilities. Currently, digitalization is developing rapidly in all occupations, and digital technology is rapidly spreading in rural areas of China. As a branch of the digital economy, digital agriculture has promoted the increase of farmers' production and income, as well as the transformation of lifestyle and life philosophy. In terms of developing smart agriculture, Heilongjiang Province has unique natural advantages and agricultural foundation advantages, and will face greater opportunities under the empowerment of digitalization. This article proposes countermeasures to accelerate the integration of agricultural data, accelerate the standardization of agricultural data, accelerate the intelligence of agricultural data, and accelerate the chain of agricultural data to promote the development of smart agriculture in Heilongjiang Province.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН, ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ПРИВАБЛИВІСТЬ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ПОДАЛЬШОГО РОЗВИТКУ ГОТЕЛЬНОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ

The purpose of the article is to diagnose the current state and determine the main trends in the development of the hotel and restaurant business in Ukraine, to assess the investment attractiveness of the hotel and restaurant business in the process of financing its development. Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 threatened not only tourism in Ukraine, but also the international travel sector, which has just begun to recover from the losses caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The tourism sector, which began to confidently recover in January 2022, significantly narrowed the opportunities for full-scale growth as early as March 2022. Both inbound and outbound tourism in Ukraine are under threat. The hotel and restaurant business as a component of the tourism industry of the domestic economy was considered, the main trends of its development, the level of investment attractiveness and prospects for further development in Ukraine were determined. Ways to solve problems with the aim of transforming the hotel and restaurant business into a highly profitable branch of the domestic economy are proposed. Sources of funding for the further development of the country's hotel and restaurant business have been determined. The current state of investment activity in the hotel and restaurant sector is analyzed through a study of the volume of capital investments made in it. The development of the tourist business in Ukraine during the martial law, which even ensured an increase in tax revenues to the country's budget, was studied. It was determined that the hotel and restaurant business of Ukraine needs constant investments to maintain competitive positions on the market, increase the level of satisfaction of consumer demand for services that meet world standards in terms of assortment and quality. The analysis of statistical data shows a steady trend of reduction in infrastructural tourism resources, and therefore, the volume of services of this sector of the economy. Such a general and regional trend gives reason to talk about the need to introduce organizational and economic measures to intensify activity. Investigated potential investment opportunities of hotel and restaurant business enterprises. A complex of measures of state regulation and improvement of management of the industry is also proposed in order to activate the development of the hotel and restaurant business. The state influences the intensification of investment activity by developing the appropriate institutional base, without which the functioning of the investment sphere is impossible, namely, the organization of investment-oriented funds, the creation of a network of consulting firms, state scientific organizations, conducting scientific research, and establishing the work of small and medium-sized business training centers. It was determined that in modern conditions of operation, it is necessary to form and implement an investment policy for the development of the hotel and restaurant industry, which would include such important components as: mechanisms of state regulation of this industry; resource provision and preferential financing of development; organizational and functional support of management processes; informational and methodical support of the industry.

Selection of efficiency criterion on information security management system creation proccess in point if data processing networks

This article is directed to discuss one of the urgent information security problems in communications systems, computer systems and networkingfields. After what it suggests the most objective way of evaluating the criteria of information security management creation process in point of communication technologies which could be used regarding to any branch of the national economy. The variety of main facilities of information security is also reviewed.

Змістові характеристики та особливості інвестиційної привабливості роздрібної торгівлі

The article updates the issues of providing retail trade entities with investments, including in conditions of instability caused by the consequences of the full-scale war. The purpose of the study is to generalize and further develop the content characteristics and features of the investment attractiveness of the retail trade industry. The approaches of leading scientists regarding the definition of the substantive characteristics of the concept of "investment attractiveness" are summarized. The author's definition of the concept of "investment attractiveness of the retail industry" as a combination of institutional, economic, organizational, psychological and other conditions that provide incentives for increasing volumes and improving the structure of investments is substantiated and provided. It was concluded that during the formation and implementation of the State policy in this area, the peculiarities of the functioning and development of retail trade should be taken into account. The specifics of retail trade are determined in accordance with the leading macroeconomic functions of this industry – exchange of labor results for money, satisfaction of consumer needs for goods and services, impact on the balancing of the internal market and socioeconomic development, stimulation of the development of the production and consumption sectors. In accordance with the specified functions of retail trade, the features of the investment attractiveness of this branch of the national economy have been determined. Among them are the high capacity of the domestic market, developed production sector, transport and logistics infrastructure, high quality of life and purchasing power of the population, access to transport and logistics infrastructure, implementation of local economic development programs, effective economic policy of import substitution, development of local integrated systems, presence of competition and free market, cooperation of trade and subjects of the consumer services system, cooperation with the IT sector, activation of the consumer lending segment.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ФОРМИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНО-БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ ПРОЕКТІВ

Today, the increase in innovative activity in organizations of all branches of the national economy is a key to the development of the state's economy in general. However, in the rating of innovative and active industries, the construction industry occupies one of the last places. Emphasizing the differences of construction organizations, one can assume the need to use different approaches to solving the problems of increasing their innovative potential. In this task, the innovative development of organizations of the investment and construction complex, taking into account the application of new technical developments, is of a strategic nature and requires decision-making only at the level of top managers and enterprise owners. Innovative development of the organization takes the form of a purposeful process that causes qualitative changes, complex and multifaceted, regarding the specifics of the construction company as a socio-economic system. System analysis is important, which makes it possible to choose an effective vector for increasing the innovative potential of the organization of the investment and construction complex. Arguments justifying the need to increase the innovative activity of construction organizations are presented. The strategic nature of innovative development is shown. The need for a systematic approach to increasing the innovative potential of organizations in the construction industry is substantiated. The issue of project integration into the management system of the construction organization was considered. The concept of development and its main distinguishing aspects in the pre- and post-crisis periods are considered; the current state of development in Ukraine is characterized; the impact of the organizational structure and management of the development project on its results is considered. The article considers conceptual approaches to the development of the development of the investment and construction sphere. A conclusion was made about the expediency of land development, which involves the transition from "spot" development to complex development of territories. Also, the problem of increasing the efficiency of the process of introducing innovations in construction is considered. In order to ensure the maximum financial return and reduce the incurred costs, the authors suggest using the fi-development scheme as a management innovation.

Environmental Management in Central Asia

The environment is an increasingly debated topic in international society, politics and the media. This is all the more true in the context of climate change, which is readily apparent every year. The processes associated with climate change strongly influence the state and shape of the environment of which we humans are an integral part. The factor of dramatic population growth also intervenes in the situation. The object of the study is Central Asia with extreme climatic conditions. The environment has a negative impact on living conditions, health and development. Agricultural production is the main branch of economy of all Central Asian republics. The environment and related threats affect the economic situation of the region. Human activities also have a negative impact on the shape and condition of the environment in the whole region. Inefficient and unsustainable management of agriculture and water resources is the cause of the unfavourable situation. Environment and security are seen as two inseparable areas that interact and influence environmental management.