Body Composition In Subjects Research Articles

Early nutritional improvements and body composition in subjects with ileostomy

Early nutritional improvements and body composition in subjects with ileostomy

Mediterranean Diet versus Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: Effects of Reaching 5% Body Weight Loss on Body Composition in Subjects with Overweight and with Obesity-A Cohort Study.

The best nutritional strategy to fight the rise in obesity remains a debated issue. The Mediterranean diet (MD) and the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic diet (VLCKD) are effective at helping people lose body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) while preserving fat-free mass (FFM). This study aimed to evaluate the time these two diets took to reach a loss of 5% of the initial BW and how body composition was affected. We randomized 268 subjects with obesity or overweight in two arms, MD and VLCKD, for a maximum of 3 months or until they reached 5% BW loss. This result was achieved after one month of VLCKD and 3 months of MD. Both diets were effective in terms of BW (p < 0.0001) and FM loss (p < 0.0001), but the MD reached a higher reduction in both waist circumference (p = 0.0010) and FM (p = 0.0006) and a greater increase in total body water (p = 0.0017) and FFM (p = 0.0373) than VLCKD. The population was also stratified according to gender, age, and BMI. These two nutritional protocols are both effective in improving anthropometrical parameters and body composition, but they take different time spans to reach the goal. Therefore, professionals should evaluate which is the most suitable according to each patient’s health status.

Changes in Keyboard Typing Accuracy and Spatial Perception after Cardiovascular Fitness Exercise.

BackgroundThis study aimed to identify the association between cardiopulmonary exercise and neurological activation by measuring dictation accuracy and the extent of spatial perception.MethodsFirst of all, the body composition of subjects was analyzed to verify their physical abnormality. The subjects were given treadmill exercise using modified Bruce protocol. Before and after the treadmill exercise, a spatial perception test and dictation task with auditory and visual stimulation were carried out to identify the changes in neurological activation.ResultsThe scores of spatial perception after treadmill exercise were higher than those before treadmill exercise (p < 0.05). In addition, the speed of the post-treadmill dictation task with visual stimulation was significantly increased compared to that of the pre-treadmill dictation task (p < 0.05). However, the accuracy of the post-treadmill dictation task with visual stimulation was significantly decreased compared to that of the pre-treadmill dictation task (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn this study, it was shown that spatial perception and speed of visual dictation were increased after treadmill exercise. These results suggest that cardiovascular fitness exercise increases spatial perception and typing speed by facilitating neurological activation.

Regular Consumption of Green Coffee Phenol, Oat β-Glucan and Green Coffee Phenol/Oat β-Glucan Supplements Does Not Change Body Composition in Subjects with Overweight and Obesity.

Many in vitro and in vivo studies support that green coffee polyphenols (GCP) and beta-glucans (BG) present important hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic effects. However, their weight-management/-reducing properties are less clear. Considering that these compounds act on different metabolic pathways, their combination could increase their beneficial health effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of regularly consuming supplements containing GCP, BG or the novel GCP/BG combination on body composition in overweight/obese subjects without changing their dietary and physical activity habits, hence addressing the difficulty to adapt to lifestyle changes. A randomised, cross-over, blind trial was carried out in 29 volunteers who consumed GCP (300 mg), BG (2.5 g) or GCP/BG (300 mg + 2.5 g) twice a day for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of each of the interventions, body weight, body mass index, body fat%, intracellular and extracellular water, skinfolds (tricipital, bicipital, subscapularis, suprailiac, leg and thigh) and body circumferences (waist, hip, thigh, calf, branchial) were measured. Along the study, volunteers filled out 72 h dietary records, and physical activity was measured using accelerometers. The results show that dietary intake and physical activity were unchanged throughout the study; however, there were no changes in any of the body composition parameters analysed with any of the food supplements. In conclusion, the regular intake of GCP, BG and GCP/BG, without changes in diet and physical activity, is not an efficient strategy to lose weight or induce other positive changes in body composition, although results should be taken with caution as the study was underpowered.

Offseason Body Composition Changes Detected by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry versus Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Collegiate American Football Athletes.

Tracking changes in body composition may provide key information about the effectiveness of training programs for athletes. This study reports on the agreement between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for tracking body composition changes during a seven-week offseason training program in 29 NCAA collegiate American football players. Body composition in subjects (mean ± SD; age: 19.7 ± 1.5 y; height: 179.8 ± 6.6 cm; body mass (BM: 96.1 ± 12.6 kg; DXA body fat: 20.9 ± 4.4%) was estimated using BIA (InBody 770) and DXA (Hologic Horizon) before and after the training intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc comparisons were performed. Longitudinal agreement between methods was also examined by concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman analysis alongside linear regression to identify bias. Significant method by time interactions were observed for BM (DXA: 1.1 ± 2.4 kg; BIA: 1.4 ± 2.5 kg; p < 0.03), arms fat-free mass (FFM) (DXA: 0.4 ± 0.5 kg; BIA: 0.2 ± 0.4 kg; p < 0.03), and legs FFM (DXA: 0.6 ± 1.1 kg; BIA: 0.1 ± 0.6 kg; p < 0.01). Post hoc comparisons indicated that DXA—but not BIA—detected increases in FFM of the arms and legs. Time main effects, but no method by time interactions, were observed for total FFM (DXA: 1.6 ± 1.9 kg; BIA: 1.2 ± 2.1 kg; p = 0.004) and trunk FFM (DXA: 0.7 ± 1.3 kg; BIA: 0.5 ± 1.0 kg; p = 0.02). Changes in total BM (CCC = 0.96), FFM (CCC = 0.49), and fat mass (CCC = 0.50) were significantly correlated between BIA and DXA. DXA and BIA may similarly track increases in whole-body FFM in American collegiate football players; however, BIA may possess less sensitivity in detecting segmental FFM increases, particularly in the appendages.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Weight Loss and Body Composition in Subjects with Overweight and Obesity Participating in a Nationwide Weight-Loss Program: Impact of a Remote Consultation Follow-Up-The CO-RNPC Study.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the nationwide total lockdown (LD) in France on weight loss and body composition modifications in subjects participating in a weight loss program and to evaluate the impact of remote consultations on participants’ adherence to the weight loss program. The CO-RNPC study was a prospective multicentre cohort study including participants undergoing a two to six months program. The rate of weight loss in kg/week was computed before (15 days), during (99 days) and after LD (15 days). In the 1550 completing participants, body weight decreased from 87.1 kg [IQR 77.0; 100.2] to 82.3 kg [72.1; 94.3] resulting in a difference of −4.79 kg [−4.48; −5.10] (p < 0.01), with a corresponding reduction in waist circumference by 4 cm ([0; 9], p < 0.01). The median weight loss was 4.4 kg [0.5; 9.4] in those who used remote consultations, and 1.4 kg [0.8; 5.7] in the no remote consultation group (p < 0.01). In this large prospective cohort, we observed that the rate of weight loss was reduced during LD. This reduction was counterbalanced in participants involved in a remote consultation follow-up with a dose-effect response based on the number of remote consultations.

THE EFFECT OF AN 8-WEEK ANAEROBIC GYMNASTICS TRAINING ON BDNF, VEGF, AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN CHILDREN

The purpose of the present study was to observe changes in levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) in the gymnast children after an anaerobic gymnastics training program. Thirty beginner gymnasts aged 8-12 years old were randomly assigned to control (n = 15) and experimental (n = 15) groups. The anaerobic gymnastics training was conducted for 8 weeks, 3 times per a week. Each session lasted 45 minutes: 10 min warm-up, 30 min core exercise, and 5 min cool down. The anthropometric and body composition of subjects were measured and growth factors were measured by using human BDNF and VEGF PicoKine™ ELISA Kit and analysis was performed using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Morland et al.) before and after the intervention, and VO2max, maximum heart rate and RMR were measured using a gas analyzer. At the baseline there were not any significant differences between both groups (p&gt;0.05). But in the post-test, a significant difference was observed for BDNF(p=0.02) and VEGF(p=0.018) values between the two groups. Within-group there was a decrease in the value of the maximum heart rate indicator (P&lt;0.05) and VO2max and BDNF increased significantly after an intervention (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that anaerobic gymnastic training increases the level of salivary BDNF and VEGF in children. These types of exercises may also improve cardiorespiratory fitness in children.

Individualized body bioelectrical impedance parameters in newly diagnosed cancer children

BackgroundThe bioelectric impedance analysis permits to estimate electrical parameters and body composition of subjects who are either apparently healthy or sick with different pathologies. The aim of this study is to individualize the analysis of body bioelectrical impedance parameters in newly diagnosed cancer children, by means of the bioelectrical impedance analysis for each age group, gender and cancer histological variety.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study consisted of 43 pediatric patients with different histological varieties of cancer, ages from 2 to 17. The body electrical resistance and body capacitive electrical reactance were measured with the Bodystat 1500-MDD analyzer. From these two electrical parameters the body electrical impedance modulus and the body phase angle were calculated.ResultsThe results showed that 93.02% of cancer children were outside reference rectangles according to age groups and gender were showed. The values of body capacitive electrical reactance (72.5%) and body phase angle (90.70%) of these patients were below the lower limits of their respective rectangles. These findings were noticeable for patients who had solid tumors.ConclusionsThe BIA is feasible to individualize body bioelectrical parameters and body bioelectric state in newly diagnosed cancer children and how differ from those in apparently healthy subjects, for the same age group and gender. Additionally, the tumor electrical properties may have a noticeable role in changes of body bioelectric-physiological parameters of these newly diagnosed cancer children.

Effect of Eight Weeks Plyometric Training on Some Kinematic Parameters, Horizontal Jumping Power, Agility, and Body Composition in Elite Parkour Athletes

Objective: A high correlation between lower limb explosive power and muscular strength, production of high power levels in the shortest time, and high level of agility are essential to achieve optimal performance in Parkour. It seems that polymetric exercises can make it possible to achieve the highest performance. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week plyometric exercise program on knee kinematic parameters, body composition, agility and horizontal jumping power of Parkour athletes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, 20 elite Parkour athletes aged 19-26 years were selected and randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=10) and control (n=10). The exercise group carried out the program for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each for one hour. Before and after exercise, measurements of kinematic parameters of knee, agility, and horizontal jumping power, and body composition in subjects were performed. The collected data were analyzed using t-test considering a significant level of P≤0.05. Results: Plyometric exercise for eight weeks had a significant effect on knee kinematic parameters of Parkour athletes (P=0.003) and significantly improved their horizontal jump, agility and reduced body fat percentage (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Plyometric exercise can significantly improve kinematic parameters of the knee, increase the jumping power and agility, and reduce body fat percentage in Parkour athletes; however, since Parkour movements are very similar to plyometric exercises, more study is needed.

Fat Intake Associations with Metabolic Profile and Body Composition in Subjects with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes (P08-029-19)

ObjectivesPrevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes is increasing in the United States, and can result in other disease states, such as heart disease and obesity. Fat consumption has become more common, due to new dietary recommendations as well as the rise in popularity of high fat diets. It is therefore of interest to analyze the associations of the prediabetic and type 2 diabetic state with regard to fat consumption as well as metabolic biomarkers and anthropometrics to draw possible connections between dietary patterns and physiological responses to them. MethodsThe biomarkers (lipid panel and glycemic control), anthropometric data, body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) and food records of 62 prediabetic or type 2 diabetic participants were obtained. Correlations from the aforementioned variables were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS. Significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05. ResultsLow density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was negatively associated with polyunsaturated fat consumption (r2 = –0.258, P < 0.05). Additionally, total fat (r2 = –0.300, P < 0.05) and trans fatty acid (r2 = –0.258, P < 0.05) intake was negatively associated with arm lean mass. High density lipoprotein (HDL) was negatively associated with arm (r2 = –0.305, P < 0.05) and leg lean mass (r2 = –0.360, P < 0.01), as well as android (r2 = –0.343, P < 0.01), gynoid (r2 =–0.353, P < 0.01), and total lean mass (r2 = –0.353, P < 0.01). Total fat and specific fat intake were not significantly associated with other metabolic biomarkers. ConclusionsFat has become less demonized as high fat diets have become more popular and as nutritional recommendations have changed, but in the absence of ketosis it may not be as beneficial for diabetic and prediabetic populations. Interestingly, fat intake was not negatively or positively associated with any biomarkers, except for the case of polyunsaturated fat intake, which was associated with lower LDL levels. Surprisingly HDL levels were associated with decreased levels of lean mass. Future interventional studies are needed to further examine the effects of fat intake, including amount and sources, in this population. Funding SourcesN/A.

A meta-analysis of the effect of chromium supplementation on anthropometric indices of subjects with overweight or obesity.

The role of chromium as a weight loss agent remains questionable, and although previous meta-analyses findings have reported small reductions in body weight in individuals with overweight/obesity following chromium supplementation, there have been significant limitations with these findings. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the current evidence for the efficacy of oral chromium supplementation in individuals with overweight/obesity from randomized controlled trials. Studies were identified by a search of electronic databases from inception to November 2018 and combined and stratified analyses were used. Twenty-one trials from 19 studies were identified which met all inclusion criteria which were suitable for statistical pooling, and data from 1316 participants were included. Pooled analysis showed significant reductions in anthropometric indices associated with body composition; for weight loss (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.75 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.04, -0.45, P < 0.001), body mass index (WMD: -0.40, 95% CI, -0.66, -0.13, P = 0.003 and body fat percentage (WMD: -0.68%, 95% CI, -1.32, -0.03, P = 0.04) in individuals with overweight/obesity. No changes were detected in controls. Subgroup analysis showed significant improvements in weight loss and body fat percentage, particularly for study durations ≤12 weeks and doses ≤400 μg/d. Chromium supplementation was associated with some improvements in body composition in subjects with obesity/overweight. The effect size was medium and the clinical relevance of chromium as a weight loss aid remains uncertain. Further investigation from larger and well-designed randomized controlled studies, especially in patients with diabetes, is warranted.

Efeitos da caminhada nórdica no perfil antropométrico e composição corporal de pessoas com doença de Parkinson: ensaio clínico randomizado

Introdução: A doença de Parkinson (DP) é caracterizada por distúrbios motores, aumentando risco de quedas e inatividade física. Objetivo: Analisar perfil antropométrico e composição corporal, antes e após um programa de treinamento de caminhada nórdica (CN) e caminhada livre (CL). Métodos: Os 33 sujeitos foram randomizados em dois grupos experimentais: CL (n = 16) e CN (n = 17) para realização das 12 sessões de treinamento. Resultados: Relação cintura/quadril reduziu (2,2%, p = 0,022) para o CL. O somatório total das dobras cutâneas reduziu em 4,3% no grupo CN (p = 0,012), e 4,7% no grupo CL (p = 0,012), sem diferença entre os grupos. O período de treinamento não promoveu alterações significativas na massa corporal (p = 0,808), IMC (p = 0,392), nas massas magra (p = 0,834), gorda (p = 0,721) e óssea (p = 0,348), bem como nos percentuais de gordura (p = 0,887). Conclusão: O treinamento promoveu melhora antropométrica efetiva para ambos os grupos.

3426 Increased Monounsaturated Fat Consumption is Associated with Improved Body Composition in Subjects with Obesity and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: We hypothesized that increasing percent calories from MUFA (%MUFA) would be associated an increased FFM/FM index. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Nine consecutive HFpEF patients with obesity participated in a 12-week pilot feasibility trial of UFA supplementation (NCT03310099). Subjects were educated at baseline by a dietitian on UFA rich foods including high MUFA choices such as extra-virgin olive oil, canola oil and avocados. Participants were given a list of items, corresponding serving sizes and asked to eat at least one serving of these UFA rich foods per day for 12 weeks. Adherence was encouraged through weekly phone calls by the dietitian. Standardized 5-pass 24-hour dietary recall was performed by a dietitian at baseline and 12 weeks. The recalls were analyzed to establish intake of MUFA in percent calories (%kcals) with Nutrition Data Systems for Research software (NDSR). Body composition including FM%, fat free mass percent of body weight (FFM%) and ratio of FFM to FM (FFM/FM Index) was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (RJL systems) at baseline and 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (24.0). Spearman rank test was used for correlations. Values are expressed as numbers and percentages or as median and interquartile range (IQR). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Subjects were mostly female (56%) with a median age 56 (IQR 50-59). Baseline median body mass index (kg/m2) was 36.7 (36.2-48.0), median FM% was 44.5 (IQR 32.5-53.4), median FFM% was 55.5 (IQR 46.7-67.5) and median FFM/FM Index was 1.25 (IQR 0.88-2.1).The only significant change was an increase in %MUFA from baseline 12.4% (IQR 6.9-14.3) to 12 weeks 21.8% (17.6-36.9) (p = 0.008). Increased %MUFA was highly associated with increased FFM% (r = 0.783, p = 0.013) (Figure 1A), decreased FM%(r = −0.783, p = 0.013)(Figure 1B) and increased FFM/FM index (r = 0.800, p = 0.010) (Figure 1C). All correlations remained statistically significant after adjustment for changes in energy intake. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Increasing dietary %MUFA is protective against negative changes in body composition in patients with obesity and HFpEF, independent of changes in caloric intake. Future work should focus on whether the correlation found in this pilot study translate in improved body composition and finally, exercise tolerance and clinical outcomes.

Change of skeletal muscle mass in patients with pheochromocytoma.

The effects of catecholamine excess due to pheochromocytoma on body composition, including skeletal muscle mass, are unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of catecholamine metabolites on body composition in subjects with pheochromocytoma. After body compositions using bioelectrical impedance analysis, urinary metanephrine (UM), and urinary normetanephrine (UNM) were measured in 16 patients with pheochromocytoma and 224 patients with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI), we compared skeletal muscle mass and fat mass (FM) between the two groups. After adjustments for confounders, UM (β = - 0.171, P = 0.006) and UNM (β = - 0.249, P < 0.001) levels were correlated inversely with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), but not FM or percentage FM (pFM), in all subjects. Patients with pheochromocytoma had lower ASM by 7.7% (P = 0.022) and SMI by 6.6% (P = 0.001) than patients with NFAI. Conversely, FM and pFM were not statistically different between the two groups. The odds ratio for low skeletal muscle mass in the presence of pheochromocytoma was 10.33 (95% confidence interval, 2.65-40.22). Our results indicate that patients with pheochromocytoma have a reduced skeletal muscle mass and suggest that catecholamine excess has adverse effects on skeletal muscle metabolism.

Effects of Altering Levothyroxine Dose on Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Subjects Treated With LT4.

It is unclear whether variations in thyroid status within or near the reference range affect energy expenditure, body mass, or body composition. 138 subjects treated with levothyroxine (LT4) for hypothyroidism with normal TSH levels underwent measurement of total, resting, and physical activity energy expenditure; thermic effect of food; substrate oxidation; dietary intake; and body composition. They were assigned to receive an unchanged, higher, or lower LT4 dose in randomized, double-blind fashion, targeting one of three TSH ranges (0.34 to 2.50, 2.51 to 5.60, or 5.61 to 12.0 mU/L). The doses were adjusted every 6 weeks to achieve target TSH levels. Baseline measures were reassessed at 6 months. At study end, the mean LT4 doses and TSH levels were 1.50 ± 0.07, 1.32 ± 0.07, and 0.78 ± 0.08 µg/kg (P < 0.001) and 1.85 ± 0.25, 3.93 ± 0.38, and 9.49 ± 0.80 mU/L (P < 0.001), respectively, in the three arms. No substantial metabolic differences in outcome were found among the three arms, although direct correlations were observed between decreases in thyroid status and decreases in resting energy expenditure for all subjects. The subjects could not ascertain how their LT4 dose had been adjusted but the preferred LT4 dose they perceived to be higher (P < 0.001). Altering LT4 doses in subjects with hypothyroidism to vary TSH levels in and near the reference range did not have major effects on energy expenditure or body composition. Subjects treated with LT4 preferred the perceived higher LT4 doses despite a lack of objective effect. Our data do not support adjusting LT4 doses in patients with hypothyroidism to achieve potential improvements in weight or body composition.

A systematic review of the anti-obesity and weight lowering effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its mechanisms of action.

Recently, the beneficial effects of ginger on obesity is taken into consideration. Albeit, it seems that the anti-obesity effect of ginger and its mechanism of action has not yet been reviewed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review the effect of Zingiber officinale Roscoe on obesity management. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, and Science Direct were searched from 1995 until May 2017 using the definitive keywords. Searching was limited to articles with English language. All of the relevant human and animal studies and also in vitro studies were included. Review articles, abstract in congress, and also other varieties of ginger were excluded. Eligibility of included articles were evaluated by 3 reviewers, which also extracted data. Articles were critically assessed individually for possible risk of bias. Twenty-seven articles (6 in vitro, 17 animal, and 4 human studies) were reviewed. Most of the experimental studies supported the weight lowering effect of ginger extract or powder in obese animal models, whereas the results of the available limited clinical studies showed no changes or slight changes of anthropometric measurements and body composition in subjects with obesity. Ginger could modulate obesity through various potential mechanisms including increasing thermogenesis, increasing lipolysis, suppression of lipogenesis, inhibition of intestinal fat absorption, and controlling appetite. This review article provides some convincing evidence to support the efficacy of ginger in obesity management and demonstrates the importance of future clinical trials.

Nutritional status and body composition by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis: A cross sectional study in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

AimsAnalysis of nutritional status and body composition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in a University-Hospital setting, recruiting 59 patients with AD, 34 subjects with MCI and 58 elderly healthy controls (HC). Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric parameters (body mass index; calf, upper arm and waist circumferences), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and body composition by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA). Variables were analyzed by analysis of variance and subjects were grouped by cognitive status and gender.ResultsSociodemographic variables did not differ among the three groups (AD, MCI and HC), except for females’ age, which was therefore used as covariate in a general linear multivariate model. MNA score was significantly lower in AD patients than in HC; MCI subjects achieved intermediate scores. AD patients (both sexes) had significantly (p<0.05) higher height-normalized impedance values and lower phase angles (body cell mass) compared with HC; a higher ratio of impedance to height was found in men with MCI with respect to HC. With BIVA method, MCI subjects showed a significant displacement on the RXc graph on the right side indicating lower soft tissues (Hotelling’s T2 test: men = 10.6; women = 7.9;p < 0,05) just like AD patients (Hotelling’s T2 test: men = 18.2; women = 16.9; p<0,001).ConclusionBioelectrical parameters significantly differ from MCI and AD to HC; MCI showed an intermediate pattern between AD and HC. Longitudinal studies are required to investigate if BIVA could reflect early AD-changes in body composition in subjects with MCI.

Impact of Wheelchair Rugby on Body Composition of Subjects With Tetraplegia: A Pilot Study

ObjectiveTo investigate the longitudinal effects of wheelchair rugby (WR) training on body composition of subjects with tetraplegia. DesignSubjects were evaluated at baseline and after WR training. SettingFaculty of physical education settings. ParticipantsIndividuals with tetraplegia (N=13; age, 26.6±6.0y). InterventionsFour sessions per week of WR training composed by aerobic and anaerobic activities and technical and tactical aspects of WR. The average time of intervention was 8.1±2.5 months. Main Outcome MeasuresBody composition assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. ResultsAfter training, fat mass was significantly reduced in the whole body (15,191±4603 vs 13,212±3318g, P=.016), trunk (7058±2639 vs 5693±1498g, P=.012), and legs (2847±817 vs 2534±742g, P=.003). Conversely, increased bone mineral content (183±35 vs 195±32g, P=.01) and fat-free mass (2991±549 vs 3332±602g, P=.016) in the arms and reduced bone mineral content in the trunk (553±82 vs 521±86g, P=.034) were observed after training. Furthermore, no significant correlation between the duration of training and changes in body composition was detected. ConclusionsRegular WR training increased lean mass and bone mineral content in the arms and decreased total body fat mass. Conversely, WR training was associated with decreased bone mineral content in the trunk. These results suggest that regular WR training improves body composition in subjects with tetraplegia.

Sarcopenia and body composition in diabetic Charcot osteoarthropathy

BackgroundTreatment of Charcot osteoarthropathy (COA) requires restricted walking and offloading for several months, which lead to fat re-distribution and increased sarcopenia. Objectives/AimTo investigate whether subjects with COA have an altered body composition compared to controls. MethodsCross-sectional case-control study of people with diabetes with acute or chronic Charcot osteoarthropathy, matched with otherwise healthy people with diabetes. A total of 49 subjects (distribution ~1:1) had a total body DXA-scanning, measuring appendicular lean mass, android/gynoid and truncal/total body fat distribution ratios. ResultsSarcopenia frequency was higher in the total population with diabetes overall (9–40%), compared to normal materials. Using two different models for correlating appendicular lean mass to sarcopenia, there were no differences in sarcopenia-rates between the groups (P=0.413 and 0.948 respectively). There was no significant difference in lean tissue mass between the affected and the unaffected leg in the immobilised subject group (P=0.830).The average fat percentage was (29.4–37.7%) in the population with diabetes, compared to a matching background population (24.5–31.9%), whereas there were no significant differences found between the groups (P=0.065). Neither truncal/total fat percent nor android/gynoid fat percent ratios showed differences between the groups. ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first published dataset investigating body composition in subjects with Charcot osteoarthropathy. The study population of diabetics were more fat and sarcopenic than normal subjects, whereas no statistically significant impact of Charcot osteoarthropathy was found.

Assessment of body composition using bioelectrical impedance in patients with schizophrenia – preliminary report

Aim of the studyMetabolic syndrome is found in ~40% of patients treated with antipsychotics and abdominal obesity plays a crucial role in its development. The aim of this study is to evaluate body composition in subjects with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics.Subject or material and methodsAnthropometric (BMI, abdominal, waist, leg and hip circumferences), laboratory (glucose, lipid profile) and body composition (body fat, lean mass, body water) were measured in 77 patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics.ResultsCentral obesity in women was found in &gt;90% and was more frequent comparing to men (p = 0.04). Incidence of dyslipidemia (~80%) and abnormal body weight (~70%) was also high, while impaired level of blood glucose was less frequent (~25%). Women had more body fat (39.2±1.4 vs. 27.7±1.3, p &lt;0.001) and less lean mass and body water. Amounts of excessive body weight and fat were higher in women (13.4±2.1 vs. 8.2±1.5, p = 0.02 and 7.9±1.3 vs. 3.2±1.2, p = 0.008). Percentages of women with weight and body fat exceeding target maximums were higher (96.4% vs. 79.6%, p = 0.04 and 89.3% vs. 67.3%, p = 0.03).DiscussionTreatment with antipsychotics is associated with severe metabolic side-effects. High frequency of abdominal obesity, excessive weight and increased amount of total body fat make women more susceptible to cardiovascular events, thus carefully monitored is required. Assessment of body composition using BIA is an easy and quick method of improving daily psychiatric care.ConclusionsPatients treated with antipsychotics require careful monitoring using available algorithms.