Fat Intake Associations with Metabolic Profile and Body Composition in Subjects with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes (P08-029-19)

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes is increasing in the United States, and can result in other disease states, such as heart disease and obesity. Fat consumption has become more common, due to new dietary recommendations as well as the rise in popularity of high fat diets. It is therefore of interest to analyze the associations of the prediabetic and type 2 diabetic state with regard to fat consumption as well as metabolic biomarkers and anthropometrics to draw possible connections between dietary patterns and physiological responses to them. Methods The biomarkers (lipid panel and glycemic control), anthropometric data, body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) and food records of 62 prediabetic or type 2 diabetic participants were obtained. Correlations from the aforementioned variables were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS. Significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05. Results Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was negatively associated with polyunsaturated fat consumption (r2 = –0.258, P < 0.05). Additionally, total fat (r2 = –0.300, P < 0.05) and trans fatty acid (r2 = –0.258, P < 0.05) intake was negatively associated with arm lean mass. High density lipoprotein (HDL) was negatively associated with arm (r2 = –0.305, P < 0.05) and leg lean mass (r2 = –0.360, P < 0.01), as well as android (r2 = –0.343, P < 0.01), gynoid (r2 =–0.353, P < 0.01), and total lean mass (r2 = –0.353, P < 0.01). Total fat and specific fat intake were not significantly associated with other metabolic biomarkers. Conclusions Fat has become less demonized as high fat diets have become more popular and as nutritional recommendations have changed, but in the absence of ketosis it may not be as beneficial for diabetic and prediabetic populations. Interestingly, fat intake was not negatively or positively associated with any biomarkers, except for the case of polyunsaturated fat intake, which was associated with lower LDL levels. Surprisingly HDL levels were associated with decreased levels of lean mass. Future interventional studies are needed to further examine the effects of fat intake, including amount and sources, in this population. Funding Sources N/A.