Nutritional status and body composition by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis: A cross sectional study in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Ilaria Cova,Valentina Cucumo,Laura Maggiore,Marica Forcella,Giulia Grande,Roberta Ghiretti,Simone Pomati,Fulvio Muzio,Claudio Mariani,Sonia Brucki

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171331

Ilaria Cova, Valentina Cucumo + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171331

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Journal: PloS one	Publication Date: Feb 10, 2017
Citations: 22	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco

Abstract

AimsAnalysis of nutritional status and body composition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in a University-Hospital setting, recruiting 59 patients with AD, 34 subjects with MCI and 58 elderly healthy controls (HC). Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric parameters (body mass index; calf, upper arm and waist circumferences), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and body composition by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA). Variables were analyzed by analysis of variance and subjects were grouped by cognitive status and gender.ResultsSociodemographic variables did not differ among the three groups (AD, MCI and HC), except for females’ age, which was therefore used as covariate in a general linear multivariate model. MNA score was significantly lower in AD patients than in HC; MCI subjects achieved intermediate scores. AD patients (both sexes) had significantly (p<0.05) higher height-normalized impedance values and lower phase angles (body cell mass) compared with HC; a higher ratio of impedance to height was found in men with MCI with respect to HC. With BIVA method, MCI subjects showed a significant displacement on the RXc graph on the right side indicating lower soft tissues (Hotelling’s T2 test: men = 10.6; women = 7.9;p < 0,05) just like AD patients (Hotelling’s T2 test: men = 18.2; women = 16.9; p<0,001).ConclusionBioelectrical parameters significantly differ from MCI and AD to HC; MCI showed an intermediate pattern between AD and HC. Longitudinal studies are required to investigate if BIVA could reflect early AD-changes in body composition in subjects with MCI.

Highlights

Due to global population aging, dementia and Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) are becoming a public health priority
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score was significantly lower in AD patients than in healthy controls (HC); Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) subjects achieved intermediate scores
AD patients had significantly (p

Summary

Introduction

Due to global population aging, dementia and Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) are becoming a public health priority. Unlike BIA, BIVA method does not estimate any body compartment; the length and position of the Z vector supplies information about the state of hydration and body cell mass. Vector displacements due to high or low reactance denotes an increase or a decrease of dielectric mass (membranes and tissue interfaces) of soft tissues. The phase shift of the tissue interfaces, called phase angle (PA), represents both the quantity and quality of soft tissue and can be calculated directly as arctan (Xc/R). It is the most important impedance parameter, predicting morbidity and mortality in a variety of diseases; higher values of PA correspond to a higher cellularity and a better cell membrane integrity [10]. Phase angle decreases with age and is significantly lower in women, due to the lower amount of body muscle [10]

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