Basic Brick Research Articles

Energy of the Vacuum: Basic Brick for the Great Unification of Physics

Modern physics is struggling for the great unification since General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics cannot agree on either a common energy density of the vacuum or a common understanding of the vacuum. This paper shows all the advantages and simple explanations the forgotten concept of aether, that was valid until Einstein’s publications, can bring to these two branches of physics, unifying them with the third main branch of Physics, Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism. Assuming the aether is a perfect fluid filling space, gravity will be first assimilated to an aether wind. Secondly, a model of proton giving an excellent prediction of the proton radius will be proposed. Third, Einstein’s famous equation E=mc² will be demonstrated and a physical explanation of the strong nuclear force will be proposed. Fourth, a meaning of the Lorenz gauge in electromagnetism will be given, and fifth the notion of mass and how mass cancellation can be envisioned will be exposed. The conclusion will give a focus on black holes theory. These considerations will cast new light on the Michelson and Morley experiment and possibilities of gravity cancellation.

Implementation of all-optical single qubit gates using Si3N4 based micro ring resonator

Quantum logic gates are the key element and basic brick for quantum computing and quantum communication process. This work intended a unique method to implement the Pauli single qubit X, Z, and Y quantum gates using the Si3N4 based optical micro ring resonators. The magnitude and phase encoding of the light signal has been done to get the desired result. To obtain the desired phase shifts of the light signal in the micro ring resonators, different pump power has been employed. The mathematical simulation results validated the proposed model for all-optical Pauli X, Z, and Y quantum gates. The key performance parameters of the proposed model like extinction ratio of 20.29 dB, Quality factor of 7750 and contrast ratio of 19.54 dB are obtained. The proposed model was evaluated and compared with the other reported work as shown better performance to them.

Microfibre pulling and coupling to whispering-gallery mode resonators

Whispering-gallery mode resonators have become a basic brick of modern photonics, thanks to their extremely narrow resonances. The resulting enhanced light-matter interaction can be leveraged in a variety of applications, from biological sensors to clocks and optical telecommunications. This labwork has been developped to allow Master 2 students to manipulate these resonators, as well as to illustrate wave-optics concepts seen during lectures: propagating modes, evanescent coupling, resonances and interferences.

Structural characterization of the interfacial self-assembly of chitosan with oppositely charged surfactant

Controlling the assembly of polyelectrolytes and surfactant at liquid–liquid interfaces offers new ways to fabricate soft materials with specific physical properties. However, little is known of the relationships between the kinetics of interfacial assembly, structural and rheological properties of such interfaces. We studied the kinetics at water–oil interface of the assembly of a positively charged biopolymer, chitosan, with an anionic fatty acid using a multi-scale approach. The growth kinetics of the membrane was followed by interfacial rheometry and space- and time- resolved dynamic light scattering. This set of techniques revealed that the interfacial complexation was a multi-step process. At short time-scale, the interface was fluid and made of heterogeneous patches. At a ‘gelation’ time, the surface elastic modulus and the correlation between speckles increased sharply meaning that the patches percolated. Confocal and electron microscopy confirmed this picture, and revealed that the basic brick of the membrane was sub-micrometric aggregates of chitosan/ fatty acid.

Complementary Photo-Synapses Based on Light-Stimulated Porphyrin-Coated Silicon Nanowires Field-Effect Transistors (LPSNFET).

Neuromorphic computing has emerged as the high-energy-efficiency and intelligent solution for processing sensory data. As a potential alternative to neuromorphic computing, photo-excited synaptic systems can integrate the functions of optoelectronic sensing and synaptic computing to realize the low-power and high-performance visual perception. However, one major challenge in high-efficient photo-excited synaptic system is to realize the complementarily enhanced and inhibited synaptic behaviors with small hardware cost as possible. Another challenge is to fabricate the photo-synapse devices with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible process to achieve high enough integration density for practical application. Here, a CMOS-compatible Light-stimulated Porphyrin-coated Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (LPSNFET) technology is proposed and developed to form the complementary photo-synapses with only two CMOS-like transistors. LPSNFET exhibits fivefold improvement in photo-sensitivity compared to the bare silicon nanowire (SiNW) devices, and can still show obvious responses when incident illumination power is as low as 0.1 mW cm-2 . Moreover,itenables tunable dynamic synaptic plasticity and versatile synaptic functions. Especially, the complementarily enhanced and inhibited behaviors can be realized by modulating SiNW/porphyrin interface via simply changing the MOS type of LPSNFET, which acts like the photonic counterpart of CMOS technology to provide the basic brick for building complex neuromorphic circuits efficiently and economically. Finally, the CMOS process compatibility of LPSNFET provides potential application in future large scale in-sensor computing.

Quantum Photonic Simulation of Spin-Magnetic Field Coupling and Atom-Optical Field Interaction

In this work, we present the physical simulation of the dynamical and topological properties of atom-field quantum interacting systems by means of integrated quantum photonic devices. In particular, we simulate mechanical systems used, for example, for quantum processing and requiring a very complex technology such as a spin-1/2 particle interacting with an external classical time-dependent magnetic field and a two-level atom under the action of an external classical time-dependent electric (optical) field (light-matter interaction). The photonic device consists of integrated optical waveguides supporting two collinear or codirectional modes, which are coupled by integrated optical gratings. We show that the single-photon quantum description of the dynamics of this photonic device is a quantum physical simulation of both aforementioned interacting systems. The two-mode photonic device with a single-photon quantum state represents the quantum system, and the optical grating corresponds to an external field. Likewise, we also present the generation of Aharonov–Anandan geometric phases within this photonic device, which also appear in the simulated systems. On the other hand, this photonic simulator can be regarded as a basic brick for constructing more complex photonic simulators. We present a few examples where optical gratings interacting with several collinear and/or codirectional modes are used in order to illustrate the new possibilities for quantum simulation.

Towards the Discovery of Influencers to Follow in Micro-Blogs (Twitter) by Detecting Topics in Posted Messages (Tweets)

Micro-blogs, such as Twitter, have become important tools to share opinions and information among users. Messages concerning any topic are daily posted. A message posted by a given user reaches all the users that decided to follow her/him. Some users post many messages, because they aim at being recognized as influencers, typically on specific topics. How a user can discover influencers concerned with her/his interest? Micro-blog apps and web sites lack a functionality to recommend users with influencers, on the basis of the content of posted messages. In this paper, we envision such a scenario and we identify the problem that constitutes the basic brick for developing a recommender of (possibly influencer) users: training a classification model by exploiting messages labeled with topical classes, so as this model can be used to classify unlabeled messages, to let the hidden topic they talk about emerge. Specifically, the paper reports the investigation activity we performed to demonstrate the suitability of our idea. To perform the investigation, we developed an investigation framework that exploits various patterns for extracting features from within messages (labeled with topical classes) in conjunction with the mostly-used classifiers for text classification problems. By means of the investigation framework, we were able to perform a large pool of experiments, that allowed us to evaluate all the combinations of feature patterns with classifiers. By means of a cost-benefit function called “Suitability”, that combines accuracy with execution time, we were able to demonstrate that a technique for discovering topics from within messages suitable for the application context is available.

Reactions and emissivity of cerium oxide with phosphate binder coating on basic refractory brick

AbstractHigh emissivity coatings which aim to help the cement industry reduce heat loss in its production process have been developed with different CeO2 and AlH6O12P3 ratios (1:3, 1:5, and 1:12 by volume). The coating slurries were shear thinning and after heat treatment in air at 1300°C, 1°C/min, dwell 3 hours, XRD revealed that CePO4 forms more easily as the Ce/P ratio decreases. The composition with a 1:5 ratio of CeO2:AlH6O12P3 was gun sprayed on basic refractory bricks, then heat treated under the same conditions as the slurries. SEM, (S)TEM and EDX were used to study thickness, microstructure, and chemical composition of the coatings which revealed that the coating was composed of pores, CeO2 grains, CePO4 grains, and M‐P‐O glass. SEM images show that CePO4 was nucleated from a reaction between CeO2 and AlH6O12P3. Consequently, CePO4 grains (~2 µm diameter) were smaller than CeO2 (~10 µm diameter). The emissivities of un‐coated and coated basic refractory bricks were measured at 1100 and 1300°C over the wave number range of 700‐12 000 cm−1. At both temperatures, the emissivity of the coated bricks was higher than the uncoated bricks and the emissivity was measured to be higher at a higher temperature for both samples. The coated bricks gave the highest emissivity of 0.81 from 1050 to 11 000 cm−1 which is about twice the un‐coated bricks for the same conditions. This demonstrates that the developed high emissivity coating has potential to be used with basic refractory brick.

A general space-time model for combinatorial optimization problems (and not only)

We consider the problem of defining a strategy consisting of a set of facilities taking into account also the location where they have to be assigned and the time in which they have to be activated. The facilities are evaluated with respect to a set of criteria. The plan has to be devised respecting some constraints related to different aspects of the problem such as precedence restrictions due to the nature of the facilities. Among the constraints, there are some related to the available budget. We consider also the uncertainty related to the performances of the facilities with respect to considered criteria and plurality of stakeholders participating to the decision. The considered problem can be seen as the combination of some prototypical operations research problems: knapsack problem, location problem and project scheduling. Indeed, the basic brick of our model is a variable xilt which takes value 1 if facility i is activated in location l at time t, and 0 otherwise. Due to the conjoint consideration of a location and a time in the decision variables, what we propose can be seen as a general space-time model for operations research problems. We discuss how such a model permits to handle complex problems using several methodologies including multiple attribute value theory and multiobjective optimization. With respect to the latter point, without any loss of the generality, we consider the compromise programming and an interactive methodology based on the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach. We illustrate the application of our model with a simple didactic example.

The Effectiveness of Frayer Model on the Acquisition of the Concepts of Chemistry among 9th Grade Students in Jordan

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Frayer model in acquiring the concepts of chemistry in the ninth grade students in Jordan, the importance of the study appears as it emphasizes the growing interest in the process of teaching concepts and learning it, and it is the unit of building the educational material and the basic brick in the educational ladder and the basis for more advanced learning, it also seeks to detect the effect of the Frayer model in the teaching of chemical concepts may raise the attention of chemistry teachers to use it in the educational process - learning. In this study, the researcher used the experimental approach and divided the sample into two groups, the experimental group that its students are exposed to the independent variable (Frayer model) when teaching chemistry, and the control group whose student is not exposed to the effect of the independent variable and is taught in the traditional way. And the results were statistically analyzed by the SPSS program; the following statistical treatments were used: the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the equation difficulty equation, the equalization of discrimination, the equation of the effectiveness of alternatives and the equation of Spearman Brown and T-test. The results of this study showed the superiority of the female students of the experimental group which were taught using the Frayer model on female students in the control group which were taught by the conventional way of acquiring chemical concepts. Keywords: Frayer Model, Acquisition of the Concepts of Chemistry, ninth grade students, conventional way DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-14-16 Publication date :May 31 st 2019

SOPanG: online text searching over a pan-genome.

The many thousands of high-quality genomes available now-a-days imply a shift from single genome to pan-genomic analyses. A basic algorithmic building brick for such a scenario is online search over a collection of similar texts, a problem with surprisingly few solutions presented so far. We present SOPanG, a simple tool for exact pattern matching over an elastic-degenerate string, a recently proposed simplified model for the pan-genome. Thanks to bit-parallelism, it achieves pattern matching speeds above 400 MB/s, more than an order of magnitude higher than of other software. SOPanG is available for free from: https://github.com/MrAlexSee/sopang. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Uncertainty analysis and design guidelines of biomass cookstove thermal efficiency studies

Many individuals in developing areas use biomass cookstoves for cooking although there are many inherent health hazards. Judging which improved cookstove to use and distinguishing the best one for a given cooking style to mitigate these hazards is challenging. Thermal efficiency (ηth) is one assessment parameter of cookstoves that is often used. To compare ηth between cookstoves or to assess the effects of a design change on ηth, it is important to understand how the uncertainty in ηth depends on measurements, input data (equipment uncertainties, literature values, etc.), and test conditions. In this work, measurement and input data uncertainties are quantified with a propagation of uncertainty analysis for a basic brick channel cookstove used in many Peruvian households. This method can be used in any study by using reasonable uncertainty values for that study. Results showed that the four main parameters contributing to 93% of the ηth uncertainty were the lower heating values (LHV) of wood and char, the moisture content, and the change in temperature of the water in the pot. Reducing the uncertainty of LHV of unprocessed fuels is the most difficult. If such fuels are used, reporting the LHV value and its associated uncertainty is highly valuable.

Design of refractory linings for balanced energy efficiency, uptime, and capacity in lime kilns

In this work a computer model is used to examine how refractory linings with both high alumina and basic refractory bricks affect kiln operations. Recommendations are made based on the results to aid mill personnel in designing optimized refractory linings for specific situations. Kilns used to regenerate lime in the kraft process are highly energy intensive. Throughout the 1990s, in response to increasing fuel prices, the pulp and paper industry primarily used backup insulation in conjunction with high alumina brick to line calcining zones of their kilns. The dramatic decline in price of natural gas over the past decade, in combination with mounting pressures to increase production of existing assets, has led many mills to focus more on increasing uptime and capacity rather than on energy savings. To this end, a growing number of mills are using basic (magnesia based) brick instead of high alumina brick to line calcining zones. While the use of basic brick can increase the uptime and reduce the cost to maintain the refractory lining, it can dramatically increase the shell temperatures and heat losses. Tradeoffs, therefore, are created among energy efficiency, capacity, and uptime.

Novel pervasive scenarios for home management: the Butlers architecture

Many efforts today aim to energy saving, promoting the user’s awareness and virtuous behavior in a sustainability perspective. Our houses, appliances, energy meters and devices are becoming smarter and connected, domotics is increasing possibilities in house automation and control, and ambient intelligence and assisted living are bringing attention onto people’s needs from different viewpoints.Our assumption is that considering these aspects together allows for novel intriguing possibilities. To this end, in this paper we combine home energy management with domotics, coordination technologies, intelligent agents, ambient intelligence, ubiquitous technologies and gamification to devise novel scenarios, where energy monitoring and management is just the basic brick of a much wider and comprehensive home management system. The aim is to control home appliances well beyond energy consumption, combining home comfort, appliance scheduling, safety constraints, etc. with dynamically-changeable users’ preferences, goals and priorities. At the same time, usability and attractiveness are seen as key success factors: so, the intriguing technologies available in most houses and smart devices are exploited to make the system configuration and use simpler, entertaining and attractive for users. These aspects are also integrated with ubiquitous and pervasive technologies, geo-localization, social networks and communities to provide enhanced functionalities and support smarter application scenarios, hereby further strengthening technology acceptation and diffusion.Accordingly, we first analyse the system requirements and define a reference multi-layer architectural model – the Butlers architecture – that specifies seven layers of functionalities, correlating the requirements, the corresponding technologies and the consequent value-added for users in each layer. Then, we outline a set of notable scenarios of increasing functionalities and complexity, discuss the structure of the corresponding system patterns in terms of the proposed architecture, and make this concrete by presenting some comprehensive interaction examples as comic strip stories. Next, we discuss the implementation requirements and how they can be met with the available technologies, discuss a possible architecture, refine it in the concrete case of the TuCSoN coordination technology, present a subsystem prototype and discuss its properties in the Butlers perspective.

Coating Ability and Corrosion Resistance of Basic Brick with TiO₂ for Rotary Cement Kilns

Coating Ability and Corrosion Resistance of Basic Brick with TiO₂ for Rotary Cement Kilns

How Chinese Enterprises Effectively Establish Self-management Team

Since the 50s in the Twentieth Century, malpractice of traditional hierarchy organizational structure has been thoroughly exposed. Ever since then, team has become a basic brick for constitution of an organization with its flexible features, and self-management team is the optimal condition of team. Gradually, team has become a focus of attention and there have been a lot of studies about this organization pattern. At the time when this paper makes a preliminary exploration in the concept and features of this organization pattern, it also makes a further analysis in issues deserving attention in establishment of self-management team.

Mercury porosimetry of ceramics

Mercury porosimetry has been used in ceramics for the characterization of products and for studies of processing. Specifications including PSD (pore size distribution by mercury porosimetry) are now applied to magnesia refractories used in basic oxygen furnaces and to building brick which may be exposed to frost. Other products cited as examples are the silica fiber tile used on the space shuttle, plasma sprayed coatings, carbon composites and filters. In ceramic processing research, PSD has proved valuable for evaluating the firing of basic refractories, brick and sanitary ware. Pore growth during the early stages of sintering several materials was first identified by PSD. The character of clay agglomerates and the presence of alumina aggregates in compacts have been measured, the latter showing bimodal PSD. The progressive change in PSD while compacting glass spheres outlines the stages of compaction. The most frequent pore diameter in plaster slip casting molds correlates directly with plaster consistency. In dense or vitrified ceramics, errors may occur due to closed pores or pores with narrow openings. However, in ceramic compacts and highly porous ceramics, pores have several openings so PSD is a realistic measure of structure.

A Model For Assessment Module Selection InProduct Certification

A Model For Assessment Module Selection InProduct Certification

The practical application of direct-bonded basic brick in electric furnace roofs

High alumina brick are for the most part performing adequately and economically in electric furnace roofs. However, as furnaces are pushed beyond their rated capacity, and electrical imbalance continues to be a problem, improved roof refractories will be required. Recent experience indicates that the use of direct-bonded brick can provide an economical approach to the solution of electric furnace roof problems.

Experience with the use of direct bonded basic brick in open hearth roofs—South Works

Experience with the use of direct bonded basic brick in open hearth roofs—South Works