Bacterization Of Seeds Research Articles

MESORHIZOBIUM CICERІ ND-64 STRAIN — EFFECTIVE MICROSYMBIONT OF MODERN CHICKPEA VARIETIES

Objective. Study the competitiveness, complementarity and symbiotic activity of a new strain of chickpea nodule bacteria Mesorhizobium ciceri ND-64, study the influence of seed inoculation on the productivity and yield of chickpea varieties of Ukrainian selection under their cultivation in different soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. Methods. Serological, gas chromatography, field experiment and statistical. Results. The use of a new strain of M. ciceri ND-64 for pre-sowing bacterization of chickpea seeds of varieties Skarb, Admiral, Odysei, Budzhak, Triumf and Pamiat upon growing in field experiments in the Steppe zone against the background of the local population of nodule bacteria contributes to a significant increase in nitrogen-fixing nodules by 5 % to 67 %, an increase in the mass of nodules by 10 % to 67 % and nitrogenase activity 26 % to 150 % compared with the positive control (inoculation with the reference strain of M. ciceri H-12). The use of M. ciceri ND- 64 for pre-sowing bacterization of chickpea seeds under cultivation in the Steppe zone of Ukraine also had a positive effect on increasing the yield of chickpea — by 4 % to 18 % compared to the positive control. Inoculation with a new strain of chickpea seeds of varieties Skarb, Triumf and Pamiat contributed to the formation of higher number of nodules (by 57 % to 89 %), increaseed mass of nodules (2.2–2.9 times) and their nitrogenase activity (2–4 times) compared with the positive control upon cultivation in the Polissia zone on the fields where there is no population of chickpea rhizobia. Under these conditions, an increase in structural parameters of yield, the highest gain in chickpea yield, increase in photosynthetic activity and protein content in grain upon inoculation with M. ciceri ND-64 was shown. Obtaining a specific antisera by immunization of rabbits allowed to detect serological relatedness of M. ciceri ND-64, M. ciceri H-101, Mesorhizobium sp. ND-601 and M. ciceri ND-64, isolated from chickpea nodules of Skarb and Pamiat varieties. The competitiveness of M. ciceri ND-64 was determined using the immunological method in the field experiment. It was found that 100 % of nodules have been formed by the representatives of M. ciceri ND-64 in the variant where this serological group was applied for inoculation in the variant with inoculation of the strain M. ciceri ND-64 100 % of the nodules were formed by representatives of this serogroup. Conclusion. M. ciceri ND-64 strain is an effective microsymbiont of chickpea plants, due to its virulence, competitiveness, nitrogen-fixing properties. According to the results of field experiments, it was shown that the new strain, complementary to all studied varieties differing in seed size and shape, type of bush and average height, forms an effective symbiosis for growing chickpea plants both against the active local population of rhizobia and upon the absence of M. cicerі population in the soil. Symbiotic parameters upon seed treatment with suspension of M. ciceri ND-64 exceed these values in the variants with inoculation using the reference strain of M. ciceri H-12 and strains isolated from the nodules of each study variety. Therefore, M. ciceri ND-64 can be used as a bioagent of a microbial preparation for inoculation of chickpea of different varieties in order to form an effective bean-rhizobial symbiosis, increase the productivity of this culture and improve seed quality.

MESORHIZOBIUM CICERІ ND-64 STRAIN — EFFECTIVE MICROSYMBIONT OF MODERN CHICKPEA VARIETIES

Objective. Study the competitiveness, complementarity and symbiotic activity of a new strain of chickpea nodule bacteria Mesorhizobium ciceri ND-64, study the influence of seed inoculation on the productivity and yield of chickpea varieties of Ukrainian selection under their cultivation in different soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. Methods. Serological, gas chromatography, field experiment and statistical. Results. The use of a new strain of M. ciceri ND-64 for pre-sowing bacterization of chickpea seeds of varieties Skarb, Admiral, Odysei, Budzhak, Triumf and Pamiat upon growing in field experiments in the Steppe zone against the background of the local population of nodule bacteria contributes to a significant increase in nitrogen-fixing nodules by 5 % to 67 %, an increase in the mass of nodules by 10 % to 67 % and nitrogenase activity 26 % to 150 % compared with the positive control (inoculation with the reference strain of M. ciceri H-12). The use of M. ciceri ND- 64 for pre-sowing bacterization of chickpea seeds under cultivation in the Steppe zone of Ukraine also had a positive effect on increasing the yield of chickpea — by 4 % to 18 % compared to the positive control. Inoculation with a new strain of chickpea seeds of varieties Skarb, Triumf and Pamiat contributed to the formation of higher number of nodules (by 57 % to 89 %), increaseed mass of nodules (2.2–2.9 times) and their nitrogenase activity (2–4 times) compared with the positive control upon cultivation in the Polissia zone on the fields where there is no population of chickpea rhizobia. Under these conditions, an increase in structural parameters of yield, the highest gain in chickpea yield, increase in photosynthetic activity and protein content in grain upon inoculation with M. ciceri ND-64 was shown. Obtaining a specific antisera by immunization of rabbits allowed to detect serological relatedness of M. ciceri ND-64, M. ciceri H-101, Mesorhizobium sp. ND-601 and M. ciceri ND-64, isolated from chickpea nodules of Skarb and Pamiat varieties. The competitiveness of M. ciceri ND-64 was determined using the immunological method in the field experiment. It was found that 100 % of nodules have been formed by the representatives of M. ciceri ND-64 in the variant where this serological group was applied for inoculation in the variant with inoculation of the strain M. ciceri ND-64 100 % of the nodules were formed by representatives of this serogroup. Conclusion. M. ciceri ND-64 strain is an effective microsymbiont of chickpea plants, due to its virulence, competitiveness, nitrogen-fixing properties. According to the results of field experiments, it was shown that the new strain, complementary to all studied varieties differing in seed size and shape, type of bush and average height, forms an effective symbiosis for growing chickpea plants both against the active local population of rhizobia and upon the absence of M. cicerі population in the soil. Symbiotic parameters upon seed treatment with suspension of M. ciceri ND-64 exceed these values in the variants with inoculation using the reference strain of M. ciceri H-12 and strains isolated from the nodules of each study variety. Therefore, M. ciceri ND-64 can be used as a bioagent of a microbial preparation for inoculation of chickpea of different varieties in order to form an effective bean-rhizobial symbiosis, increase the productivity of this culture and improve seed quality.

Yield components of soybean cover crop regard to seed pre-treatment with bacteria and mycorrhiza

The aim of this study was to describe the importance of bacterization of soybean seeds and the use of preparations of mycorrhizal fungi in the sowing of soybeans on the family farm "Alduk" in 2020. Post- sowing of soybeans was done on 26th June 2020 as cover crop. Two very early varieties (00 maturity group): Korana (Agricultural Institute Osijek) and Merkur (NS seeds, Serbia) were used. Before sowing, the seeds were bacterized (Nitrobacterin – Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek) or the addition of preparations of mycorrhizal fungi (VAM + Azotobacter chroococcum – Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek). At harvest, yield components of soybeans in 2020 were determined. To determine the yield components from each treatment, 20 plants were selected and analysed separately. A total of 120 individual plants were analysed, and the following were determined: plant height (cm) and height to the first pod, number of fertile levels per plant from the central stem and per plant, number of pods per plant and seed mass of one plant (g), 1000 grain mass and at final, seed yield (t/ha). The height of the plants up to the first fertile pod was on average 7 cm, and varied from 5 cm (Mercury variety with VAM + AC treatment), to 9 cm (Korana on NB treatment). The number of fertile levels per plant averaged 11 on the main, central stem, while the total number of fertile levels per plant was 16. The number of pods per plant in this study averaged 42, with the seed weight of one plant being 10.48 g per plant. The highest mass of seeds per plant (g) had the Korana variety on the control treatment (14.95 g per plant). The Korana variety also had the lowest seed mass per plant (7.07 g per plant) with the application of Nitrobacterin. According to the results, Korana variety had the highest yield on the control treatment (1.19 t/ha), followed by the treatment with VAM + Azotobacter chroococcum (1.04 t/ha) and the lowest with the application of Nitrobacterin (0.84 t/ha). Merkur variety had the lowest soybean yield on the control treatment (0.69 t/ha), while with Nitrobacterin and VAM + Azotobacter chroococcum soybean yield increased by about 19% with Nitrobacterin and about 27% with VAM + Azotobacter chroococcum.

Biological products of the associative group in adaptive technology of cultivation of Scarlet amaranth and Poterium polygama in the conditions of forest steppe of the middle Volga region

In the course of studies, it was found that taking inoculation of Scarlet amaranth and Poterium polygama seeds with biologics has a positive effect on the formation of photosynthesis parameters. In amaranth agrocenoses during the panicle sweeping phase, the leaf surface area was significantly higher when seeds were inoculated with biological products than in the control variant for Kizlyarets cultivar by 23.1-36.3% and Valentina cultivar by 23.8-38.0%, the most effective the method was exogenous seed treatment with agric. The maximum parameters of photosynthesis were noted during seed maturation. So, on average for three years of research, the leaf area of the Kizlyarets variety was 64.1 and the Valentine variety 62.3 thousand m2 / ha, the photosynthetic potential, respectively, was 2.05 and 1.98 million m2 days / ha, the net productivity of photosynthesis - 8.56 and 7.66 g / m2 per day. The most intensive increase in the leaf area in the crops of the blackhead was noted in the budding phase, according to the experimental variants, it amounted to 40.8-45.3 thousand m2 / ha in the first year of use, and 41.9-46.8 thousand m2 in the second year of use / ha, in the third year of use - 42.8-47.4 thousand m2 / ha On average, over three years the largest collection of dry matter (6.9 t / ha), feed units (9.1 t / ha), digestible protein (1.45 t / ha) and metabolic energy (81.6 GJ) were obtained from Kizlyarets varieties when inoculating seeds with Agrika biological product. At the same time, the highest seed yield was obtained (1.31 t / ha), which is 2.39 times higher than the control variant and 1.44 times higher than the Valentina variety. Optimization of the plant’s mineral nutrition by seed inoculation with associative bacterial preparations provided for an increase in the productivity of the polygamous monofil. The yield of green mass of the Poterium polygama of the first year of use for an average of three years according to the experimental options was 28.5–31.8 t / ha, collection of dry matter – 7.3–8.2 t / ha, feed units – 4.36–4.87 t / ha, digestible protein - 0.56–0.65 t / ha, exchange energy - 88.7–99.6 GJ. The highest productivity of the blackhead was when treating seeds with Agrika with microelements together with Azotobacter: green mass - 31.8 t / ha, dry matter collection - 8.2 t / ha, feed units - 4.87 t / ha, digestible protein – 0.65 t / ha, exchange energy - 99.6 GJ, which significantly exceeds the performance of the control option. The treatment of seeds with biologics provided an increase in the seed productivity of the polygonidae by 91.7–223.1 kg / ha (10.1–24.6%). The highest seed yield in the first year of use is 1130.1 kg / ha, the second year of use is 1258.9 kg / ha, the third year of use is 1268.3 kg / ha, which significantly exceeds the control indicators by 27.3% and 27.8% was obtained during bacterization of seeds with Agrika, enriched with microelements and together with Azotobacter.

Yield and sowing qualities of winter wheat depending on pre-sowing bacterization of seeds in the conditions of western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Yield and sowing qualities of winter wheat depending on pre-sowing bacterization of seeds in the conditions of western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Ефективність використання асоціативних діазотрофів для підвищення урожайності тритикале ярого

Goal. To study the effectiveness of the use of associative Azospirillum brasilense diazotrophs 10/1 to increase the yield and improve grain quality of spring triticale. Methods. Microbiology, gas chromatography, field experiment, and statistical. The objects of study — plants of spring triticale of varieties Oberig Kharkivskii, the strain of associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azospirillum brasilense 10/1. Field experiments were carried out in conditions of Ukrainian Polissia (Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Manufacture, NAAS, Chernihiv). The inoculation of seeds of triticale was carried out with 3-days culture of bacteria A. brasilense 10/1 for 2 h before seeding at the rate of 200–300 thousand bacterial cells per seed. Processing of experimental data was performed using the computer program Microsoft Office Excel. Results. It is established that the strain A. brasilense 10/1 positively influenced the growth and development of spring triticale due to improved nitrogen nutrition of plants and the ability to produce growth-stimulation substances. Use of the strain A. brasilense 10/1 for preplant bacterization of seeds triticale provided the increase in crop yield by 0.5 t/ha, or of 16.39% compared to control. Positive influence is revealed on a mass of grains in one ear and weight of 1000 grains. These indicators increased in the variant with inoculation on average on 16.8 and 11.9%, respectively. Also by inoculation of spring triticale with a promising strain of A. brasilense 10/1 the protein content in the grain increased to 14.06%, wet gluten – to the 35, 17, full-scale mass of grain increased by 7.3%. Conclusions. Taking into account the positive effect of associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria A. brasilense 10/1 on the growth and development of triticale plants, perspective variant is the creation of a biological product based on the strain for increasing the yield and improving the quality of the resulting products.

EFFICIENCY OF NANOCOMPOSITE COMPLEX OF BACTERIAL PREPARATION AZOHRAN IN MILLET CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY

Objective. Determine the efficiency of bacterization of millet seeds with a complex nanocomposite bacterial preparation Azohran (Azohran-nano) depending on the growing conditions of the culture; establish the effect of mineral fertilizers in combination with a biopreparation on the productivity of agrocenoses. Methods. Field experiment (to assess the influence of the studied factors onthe growth and development of plants and millet yield), measuring- and weight-based, economiccalculations, statistical. Results. During three-year observations, a positive effect of mineral fertilizers and pre-sowing inoculation of millet seeds with Azohran-nano on plant height, plant weightgain, heads weight and crop productivity was established. The height of plants in the variant withbacterization of seeds when growing millet without fertilizers in the stalking phase was higher by5.6 % than the corresponding parameters of the control variant and with the concomitant use offertilizers and bacterization this figure increased to 8.1 %. Seed inoculation had a positive effect onthe weight of millet heads.The efficiency of bacterization in the cultivation of the crop at the background without fertilizers was 6.3 %, and when the plants were cultivated using nutrition with nitrogen during the growing season, this figure increased by 11.5 %. The highest yields of millet were reported for seedtreatment with Azohran-nano. Yield in the control variant was 3.75 t/ha, while after the bacterization of seeds with the preparation, crop productivity increased by 16.5 % Upon the interaction between mineral fertilizers with nanocomposite preparation, parameters increased by 19.9–28.6 %.Under the influence of pre-sowing inoculation of seeds, the cost of 1 tonne of grain decreased, andthe net operating profit increased. Conclusion. The use of nanocomposite complex of the preparation Azohran-nano in millet cultivation technologies promotes the growth and development ofplants, increases crop productivity and is a highly efficient agricultural measure.

AGROCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF BIOPREPARATIONS IN A HIGHLY CROP ROTATION

Objective. Determine the parameters of uptake of organic matter and biogenic elements withby-products of crops under the use of mineral and green-manure-mineral fertilization systems andmicrobial preparations. Methods. Field experiment, agrochemical, balance, statistical. Results.Under the conditions of short crop rotation “winter wheat – intermediate green manure – corn forgrain – soybean – winter wheat”, the influence of microbial preparations Biogran (on the basis ofnitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense 410 and physiologically active substances) forcorn and Nitro-Legu (on the basis of complex of diazotrophs Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azospirillum brasilense and polysaccharide) for soybeans on crop yields, uptake of by-products in the soil,balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium depending on fertilization systems. Under exposureto biopreparations, uptake of corn by-product in the soil increased by 1.41–2.12 t/ha, soybeans —by 0.51–0.71 t/ha of dry matter, depending on the agrarian backgrounds, which, taking into account the humification factors, can provide soil replenishment with humus at the level of 0.31 to0.47 t/ha and 0.12–0.17 t/ha, respectively. Nitrogen and phosphorus balances, as well as their intensity under the mineral fertilization system were positive. Green-manure-mineral fertilization system and pre-sowing bacterization of seeds helped to improve the parameters compared to the mineral fertilization system. Potassium balance was slightly deficient (–16.2 to 20.4 kg/ha at a balanceintensity of 78–80 %) under exposure to the mineral fertilization system and positive under exposure to green-manure-mineral system. Microbial preparations helped to improve parameters. Additional uptake of the biogenic element compounds in the soil provided an increase in the yield ofwinter wheat. According to the results of the evaluation of the balance of the key nutrients, a satisfactory ecological balance was created in the short crop rotation under exposure to green-manuremineral fertilization system and pre-sowing bacterization of corn and soybean seeds. Conclusion. Upon evaluation of the efficacy of microbial preparations in crop cultivation technologies, theparameters of uptake of organic matter and biogenic element compounds with by-products in the arable soil layer should be taken into account along with their direct effect on yield formation andproduct quality.

EFFICACY OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS IN GROWING SPRING WHEAT DEPENDING ON THE FERTILIZATION BACKGROUND

Objective. Develop a fertilization system for spring wheat based on the use of effective compositions of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria, which will help to reduce the spreadof disease and increase the productivity of agrocenoses. Methods. Field, measuring- and weightbased, calculation, mathematical and statistical. Results. The influence of mineral fertilizers, aftereffects of green manure, treatment of seeds with biopreparations and spraying of crops with Biocomplex-BTU on the parameters of productivity and exposure of spring wheat to powdery mildewhas been shown. It was found that pre-sowing bacterization of seeds increases yields by 3.3–12.4 %, depending on the biopreparations and fertilization background. Under the action of mineral fertilizers both separately and against the background of the after-effect of green manure, theyield increased by 31.7–41.2 %, compared with the variant without fertilizers and without inoculation. Treatment of spring wheat leaf with Biocomplex-BTU increased yield by 3.6–7.2 %, dependingon fertilizer and pre-sowing bacterization of seeds. Inoculation of seeds and treatment of crops withbiopreparations results in increase in the number and length of productive stems and grains inthe ear, although the use of fertilizers increases these parameters more significantly. Conclusion. Treatment of wheat seeds with bacterial preparations has a higher percentage efficiency in areas without fertilizers compared with fertilized ones, as well as in less favourable years for thegrowth of spring cereals, compared with more favourable. Seed inoculation with Polimiksobakterynin combination with the treatment of crops with Biocomplex-BTU, which, depending on the fertilizer, increases the crop yield by 0.54 to 0.73 t/ha, is the most effective. Crop treatment with Biocomplex-BTU significantly reduces exposure to powdery mildew.

Ефективність мікробних препаратів за різних систем удобрення сільськогосподарських культур

Goal. To investigate the efficiency of microbial preparations in the cultivation of crops in crop rotation with different fertilizer systems. Methods. A field experiment, statistical. Results. The use of microbial preparations for pre-sowing inoculation of seeds of crops contributed to the growth of productivity of agricultural lands, however, the effectiveness of such measures depended on fertilizer systems. Bacterization increased the yield of potato, barley and pea at the cultivation of the crops on the background of low and medium mineral soil fertility, and especially for the combination of fertilizer with the effect and after-effect of use of 5 t/ha of wheat straw, and lupin as intermediate green manure. Preplant bacterization of winter wheat was effective in all studied doses of fertilizers and intensified on the background of the after-effect of straw and green manure. With the organic fertilizer system, the efficiency of microbial preparations depended on the kind of organic fertilizer. The low stimulating effect of the preparations was provided on the background of 5 t/ha of straw. In the year of the direct action of 40 t/ha of bedding manure of cattle, the efficiency of bacterization was leveled. In subsequent years (for the after-effect of fertilizers) the growth of yields was reliable, but the smallest among the studied agricultural backgrounds. A high stimulating effect was observed when growing bacterized plants on green manure agricultural background and for the combination of straw with green manure biomass. Conclusions. The use of microbial preparations for pre-sowing bacterization of seeds is an effective agricultural measure in the techniques of cultivation of crops, but their influence on the productivity of agrocenoses depends on the fertilizer system.

Importance of lisimetric research in the ecological-agrochemical evaluation of agricultural technologies

To identify regional technology models capable of reducing non-productive losses of biogenic elements and increasing the level of their utilization by cultivated plants. Agrochemical, lysimetric (stationary lysimetric unit with 48 concrete sections-lysimeters filled with sod-podzolic sandy loam soil including the parent rock and taking into account the thickness of each genetic horizon of the soil in its natural state; soil layer — 155 m, mass — 10.5 tons). Losses of labile nitrogen, calcium and magnesium compounds in the form of their oxides can vary several times depending on the type of crops. Thus, nitrogen losses in winter wheat averaged 25 kg/ha, while in corn the values were as much as 77.5 kg/ha. In organic fertilization system, calcium losses in winter wheat crops were in the range of 44 kg/ha, while in corn they account for 101 kg/ha. The introduction of cover crops into the crop rotation system reduces nutrient losses from the soil due to the utilization of mineral compounds by cover crops for constructive metabolism during their active growth and development. Following green manure mineralization during the spring-summer period nutrients become available for the following crop in rotation assuring minimal nutrient losses. Besides the reduction of nutrient losses, the use of green manure have ensured higher efficiency of pre-sowing seeds bacterization. The loss of biogenic elements increases with the application of calcium-containing materials in the norms, calculated for the full hydrolytic acidity. The most effective and resource-saving both for a single (once every 5 years) and for periodic use of soil amendments (every second year) is the use of 1/4 hydrolytic acidity dose of calcium. This reduces the leaching of calcium, nitrogen and other biogenic elements. It is recommended to use lysimetric studies as a tool to trace the migration of moisture, humic substances and compounds of biogenic elements beyond the root layer of soil, depending on the amount of rainfall and the fertilizer systems used and to determine the optimal ways to regulate these processes, which is important for the evaluation of different crop growing technologies.

Colonization by multi-potential Pseudomonas aeruginosa P4 stimulates peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth, defence physiology and root system functioning to benefit the root-rhizobacterial interface

The beneficial associations between Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) and fluorescent Pseudomonas species have been poorly explored despite their predominance in the peanut rhizosphere. The present study explores the mutually beneficial interactions between peanut roots and P. aeruginosa P4 (P4) in terms of their impact on plant growth, defence physiology and the root-rhizobacterial interface. The efficient phosphate solubilizer P4 exhibited biocontrol abilities, including the production of siderophores, pyocyanin, indole-3-acetic acid and hydrogen cyanide. The bacterization of peanut seeds with multi-potential P4 significantly enhanced in vitro seed germination and seedling vigour. Under sand-based gnotobiotic (10 days post-inoculation) and sterile soil-based cultivation systems (30 days post-inoculation), sustained P4 colonization enhanced the peanut root length and dry plant biomass. The subsequent increase in catalase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities with increased phenolic contents in the peanut roots and shoots suggested the systemic priming of defences. Consequently, the altered root exudate composition caused enhanced chemo-attraction towards P4 itself and the symbiotic N2-fixing Bradyrhizobium strain. Co-inoculating peanuts with P4 and Bradyrhizobium confirmed the improved total bacterial colonization (∼2 fold) of the root tip, with the successful co-localization of both, as substantiated by scanning electron microscopy. Collectively, the peanut-P4 association could potentially model the beneficial Pseudomonas-driven multi-trophic rhizosphere benefits, emphasizing the plausible role of non-rhizobium PGPR in promoting N2 fixation.

The results of production research on the influence of certain inoculants and methods of their application on yield and winter wheat yield

Аnnotation Purpose. Investigation of the influence of some microbial preparations and methods inoculations in time of seeds andtheir application in agroecosystems on soybean yield and combinations of domestic and foreign biological products on winter wheat yield. Methods. Microbiological, field, analytical and experimental. Results. It was found that bacterization of soybean seeds with nanocomposite complex bacterial preparation Nanoriz-1 most significantly increased soybean yield. A significant increase in soybean yield was also observed with the use of nanocomposite drug Nanoriz-2, which contained one strain of bacteria in the nanocomposite of bentonite–Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum634b (developed by the Institute of Natural Sciences of NASU). Under these conditions, soybean yields increased by 24.65 q/ha and 15.36 q/ha, in accordance. According to the comb technology of growing these plants, the studied inoculants caused the most noticeable stimulating effect on soybean yield of 28.17 q/ha and 14.71 q/ha, respectively. The use of the inoculant OPTIMIZE (Canada) in the usual technology provided an increase in yield of 10.57 q/ha. The best inoculants for winter wheat Artemis are a combination of a complex bacterial preparation Azogran (DK Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology NAS) and a foreign biological product Humifield (Germany) (yield increase compared to control 12.80 q/ha). Inoculation of seeds of winter wheat Capital Polymyxobacterin and Hetomic (ISMI APV) gives anincrease in yield compared to the control of 10.46 q/ha and 11.61 q/ha. Conclusions. As a result of industrial research on the effect of some inoculants and methods of their use on the yield of soybeans and winter wheat found that: 1) inoculation of soybean seeds of Ustya variety during sowing together with some inoculants, which containedbacteries with different strains, differenttitres, different chemical combinations, different chemical elements and different producers of preparations made it possible to determine the best inoculants, in particular inoculants made on the basis of interaction of highly efficient bacteria with nanoparticles ofbentonite clay mineral –Nanorиz-1 and Nanorиz-2, developed by the Institute of Microbiology and Virology D. K. Zabolotnogo NAS of Ukraine – which by conventional technology make it possible to obtain an increase in yield, compared with the control, respectively 24.65 q/ha and 15.36 q/ha, and inoculant OPTIMIZE (Canada) – 10.57 q/ha, and on the ridge technology with the direction of the ridges east – west and sowing in the southern side of the ridge Nanorиz-1 and Nanorиz-2, respectively, gave anincrease in yield of 28.17 q/ha and 14.71 q/ha; 2) the best inoculants (by inoculation of seeds in PNSh-5) for winter wheat Artemis are a combination of Azogran (Institute of Microbiology and Virology D. K. Zabolotnogo NAS of Ukraine) and foreign Humifield (Germany), yield increase of 12.80 q/ha. Inoculation of seeds of winter wheat Stolychna with Polymyxobacterin and Hetomik (Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Production of NAAS), in comparison with the control, makes it possible to obtain a yield increase of 10.46 q/ha and 11.61 q/ha, respectively. Keywords: different inoculants, methods of seed inoculation, device, soy, winter wheat, sowing, plant yield.

Изучение свойств штаммов бактерий рода Рaenibacillus, выделенных с семян нута

A necessary condition for the creation of effective biological preparations with a complex effect is the presence of bacterial strains that have several mechanisms of a positive effect on the plant. Preference is given to those microorganisms that are able to survive in adverse environmental conditions. The aim of the study was to search for new bacterial strains characterized by antagonism towards phytopathogenic microflora and exhibiting tolerance to soil contamination by lead ions and chloride ions. As a result of the screening, bacterial strains were isolated from the surface of chickpea seeds that were identified as Paenibacillus peoriae ANT 13 and Paenibacillus jamilae ANT 14 based on cultural-morphological and physiological-biochemical properties, as well as a comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the gene 16S rRNA. The strains P. peoriae ANT 13 and P. jamilae ANT 14 exhibit antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic micromycetes. The strain P. jamilae ANT 14 is resistant to NaCl (content in the medium is up to 7 %), the strain P. peoriae ANT 13 is able to grow in the presence of Pb2 + ions in an amount up to 3150 mg/l. The use of isolated isolates for presowing treatment of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) helped to reduce the spread of root rot of seedlings and increase the length of shoots. Inoculation of seeds of alfalfa changeable (Medicago varia Mart.) of P. peoriae ANT 13 and P. jamilae ANT 14 increased the activity of nodulation and contributed to the growth of the root system of the plant, bacterization of chickpea seeds (Cicer arietinum L.) affected the increase in the mass of shoots and roots of this culture. The research results allow us to consider strains of P. peoriae ANT 13 and P. jamilae ANT 14 as promising objects of agricultural biotechnology.

ЛІПОПЕРОКСИДАЦІЙНІ Й ФЕРМЕНТАТИВНІ ПРОЦЕСИ У РОСЛИНАХ ГОРОХУ ОЗИМОГО ЗА ДІЇ БІОЛОГІЧНО АКТИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН

Herbicides are able to penetrate plants, where they undergo metabolic transformations (detoxification), as a result is changes in lipoperoxidation processes and enzymatic reactions. The article presents the results of the vegetative exeperiment to study on the influence of biologically active substances (herbicide, plant growth regulator and microbial preparation) on the way of reactions of lipid peroxidation and on the activity of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme in winter pea plants. The objects of the study were winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) of NS Moroz variety, MaxiMox herbicide (0,8; 0,9; 1,0 and 1,1 l/ha), applied separately and in mixtures with the Agriflex Amino plant growth regulator (1,0 kg/ha) with pre-sowing bacterization (and without pre-sowing bacterization) of seeds by the microbical preparation Optimize Pulse (3,28 l/t). Analysis were performed on the third and tenth day after spraying the plants with preparations. The experiment was performed under strictly controlled conditions with the requirements of the vegetative method. During a research experiment, it was found that treatment of plants with the herbicide separately and in combination with the plant growth regulator and microbial preparation, the course of reactions of lipid peroxidation in winter pea plants changed significantly. In particular, the variants of complex used herbicide, plant growth regulator and microbial preparation showed the lowest level of lipid peroxidation (the content of malondialdehyde was lower by 14–27 % than in herbicide-based variants) with the highest activity of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme. This indicates a faster rate of neutralization of the toxicant, which generally contributed to the reduction level of lipid peroxidation on the background of the highest activity of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme.

INFLUENCE OF NANOCOMPOSITE COMPLEX BACTERIAL PREPARATION AZOHRAN ON BUCKWHEAT GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD

Objective. To determine the influence of complex nanocomposite bacterial preparation Azohran on plant growth and development and buckwheat productivity by simulation of organic production. Methods. Nanocomposite complex bacterial preparation Azohran was produced on the basis of interaction of strains Azotobacter vinelandii IMB B-7076 and Bacillus subtilis IMB B-7023 with bentonite nanoparticles. The study of the influence of the product on plant growth and development and the yield of buckwheat of Sin 3/02 variety under simulation of organic production was carried out on the experimental field of the National Scientific Center “Institute of Agriculture of the NAAS”. Results. It has been established that presowing bacterization of buckwheat seeds with nanocomposite complex bacterial preparation Azohran significantly stimulates plant growth and development. The use of this product was accompanied by an increase in the area of the leaf surface of the plants. In the control variant, the area of the leaf surface during the flowering phase was 11.6 thousand m2/ha, and under the use of Azohran this parameter increased to 14.9 thousand m2/ha, or by 28.5%. During the cultivation of buckwheat without bacterization, the area of assimilation surface from the flowering phase to maturation decreased 2.3–2.5 times, however, the use of presowing bacterization slowed the die-off of leaf blade — their area decreased only 1.7 times during the maturation period. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds increased significantly in bacterized plants. The crop yield increased to 1.08 t/ha (by 22.7% compared to the control). The sowing of buckwheat seeds bacterized with Azohran in the soil against the background of straw plowing provided a yield increase of up to 1.3 t/ha (30%). Conclusion. Presowing bacterization of buckwheat seeds with the nanocomposite complex bacterial preparation Azohran significantly improves plant growth and development and increases crop productivity by 22.7-30%.

INFLUENCE OF POLYSACCHARIDE-PROTEIN COMPLEX ON THE EFFICIENCY OF BACTERIZATION OF SOYBEAN WITH RYZOHUMIN

Objective. Study the effect of the polysaccharide-protein complex on the efficiency of the use of the microbial preparation Ryzohumin for presowing and early bacterization of soybean seeds. Methods. Field experiment, microbiological, gas chromatography, mathematical statistics methods. Results. The influence of presowing bacterization of Suziria soybean variety on the formation of plant-microbial symbiosis with the use of Ryzohumin and simultaneous treatment of seeds with polysaccharide-protein complex (PPC) was studied. It was found that the highest number of nodules was in the variant with presowing bacterization using Ryzohumin with PPC: 4.5 times higher compared to control. In the variant with the use of PPC with early bacterization of seeds, the number of nodules on the roots of the plants was at the level of the variant with presowing bacterization using Ryzohumin (without PPC), although it was lower than the variant with presowing bacterization with the use of PPC. The largest weight of nodules was found during presowing bacterization using Ryzohumin and PPC treatment: it was on average 5.3 times higher compared to control during the years of studies. In the study of the influence of bacterization on the nitrogen-fixing activity of soybean nodule bacteria, its growth in all variants with bacterization was established. The highest activity was observed in the variant with presowing bacterization and treatment using PPC — 6,278.0 nmol C2H4/plant per hour, which is 2.7 times higher in comparison with the control parameters (without bacterization). With the early bacterization of seeds with Ryzohumin and PPC, the activity of nitrogen fixation was at the level of the variant with pre-sowing bacterization without PPC. On average, over the three years, the yield of soybean under pre-sowing bacterization was 3.33–3.43 t/ha, which is 29.6–33.5% higher than in the control, and early bacterization with Ryzohumin and PPC treatment provided an increase of 0.68 t/ha, which is 26.5% higher than in the control. Conclusion. Bacterization with Ryzohumin and simultaneous treatment with PPC helps to increase the weight and number of nodules on the roots of soybean plants both during pre-sowing and early bacterization of seeds. Formation of effective plant-microbial symbiosis provides an increased yield of soybeans up to 33.5% compared to the control variant. At the same time, early bacterization simultaneously with PPC provides an increased yield of 26.5%. The data obtained can be used to improve soybean cultivation technologies.

Ефективність бактеризації насіння нуту сорту Скарб новим штамом Mesorhizobium ciceri

Ефективність бактеризації насіння нуту сорту Скарб новим штамом Mesorhizobium ciceri

Засвоєння фосфору рослинами кукурудзи за впливу фосфатмобілізувальних бактерій

The purpose. To study action of phosphate mobilizing bacteria on the level of assimilation of phosphorus by plants of corn at cultivation on leached chernozem. Methods. Field, microbiological, biochemical, agrochemical, statistical. Results. They determined in dynamics amount of phosphate mobilizing bacteria capable to dissolve minerals-phosphates of insoluble complexes with cations of Ca++, Fe+++, Al+++ and bacteria which hydrolyze organic forms of phosphate, phosphatase activity of rhizosphere soil, level of assimilation of phosphorus by plants of corn at action of bacterization of seeds. It is fixed the following: amount of bacteria which dissolve Ca3 (PO4) 2 increased from 12,7 (in control) up to 27,5 millions/g of soil (in alternative with Agrobacterium radiobacter 5006), AlPO4 — from 9,2 (in control) up to 17,9 millions/g of soil (in alternative with A. radiobacter 5006), FePO4 — from 8,9 (in control) up to 17,3 millions/g of soil (at action of Enterobacter aerogenes 3271), and bacteria which hydrolyze organic forms of phosphate — from 12,7 (in control) up to 29,5 millions/g of soil (in alternative with Basillus sp. 2473). The highest phosphatase activity was observed at action of Basillus sp. 2473 — 4,34 accordingly at indexes of control of 2,84 mg P2O5/100 g of soil/hour. Conclusions. Bacterization of seeds of corn by active strains of phosphate mobilizing bacteria A. radiobacter 5006, Paenibacillus polymyxa KV, Bacillus sp. 2473, E. aerogenes 3271, E. nimipressuralis 5213 promotes increase of: amount of bacteria converting joints of phosphorus, phosphatase activity and level of mobility of phosphates in root zone, that positively influences phosphorous nutrition of plants. Biological factor of intensification of root nutrition of plants ensures increase of content of phosphorus in grain on 0,08-0,14%, as well as its removal with yield of crop on 24,8-35,9% concerning control.

Effect of seed bacterization with plant growth-promoting bacteria on wheat productivity and phosphorus mobility in the rhizosphere

Bacterization of the seeds of spring durum wheat with the strains of gram-positive aerobic spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis IB-21 and B. subtilis IB-22 and gram-negative bacteria Advenella kashmirensis IB-К1and Pseudomonas extremaustralis IB-К13-1А was performed to study its effect on the productivity of plants, their hormonal content and rhizosphere phosphorus (P) status in the field experiments. A. kashmirensis IB-К1 andP. extremaustralis IB-К13-1А were the most capable of mobilizing hardly soluble phosphates in vitro, while P. extremaustralis IB-К13-1А produced the greatest concentration of auxins. All the studied strains successfully colonized the plant root system, the level of colonization detected during the second leaf stage being the highest in the case of A. kashmirensis IB-К1 and B. subtilis IB-22. Seed treatment with all the tested bacterial species resulted in an increase in phosphate mobility in the rhizosphere. Auxin content in wheat roots was increased by bacterization of seeds with P. extremaustralis IB-К13-1 and B. subtilis IB-22. The maximum increase in components of wheat crop yield (the mass of grains in the main and axillary spikes) was detected during 3 vegetative periods (2016, 2017 and 2018) in the case of seed treatment with the strains inducing a significant increase in auxin content in the roots of the treated plants related to either the highest bacterial capacity of producing this hormone in vitro (in the case of P. extremaustralis IB-К13-1А) or root colonization (in the case of B. subtilis IB-22).