Abstract
Goal. To study the effectiveness of the use of associative Azospirillum brasilense diazotrophs 10/1 to increase the yield and improve grain quality of spring triticale. Methods. Microbiology, gas chromatography, field experiment, and statistical. The objects of study — plants of spring triticale of varieties Oberig Kharkivskii, the strain of associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azospirillum brasilense 10/1. Field experiments were carried out in conditions of Ukrainian Polissia (Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial Manufacture, NAAS, Chernihiv). The inoculation of seeds of triticale was carried out with 3-days culture of bacteria A. brasilense 10/1 for 2 h before seeding at the rate of 200–300 thousand bacterial cells per seed. Processing of experimental data was performed using the computer program Microsoft Office Excel. Results. It is established that the strain A. brasilense 10/1 positively influenced the growth and development of spring triticale due to improved nitrogen nutrition of plants and the ability to produce growth-stimulation substances. Use of the strain A. brasilense 10/1 for preplant bacterization of seeds triticale provided the increase in crop yield by 0.5 t/ha, or of 16.39% compared to control. Positive influence is revealed on a mass of grains in one ear and weight of 1000 grains. These indicators increased in the variant with inoculation on average on 16.8 and 11.9%, respectively. Also by inoculation of spring triticale with a promising strain of A. brasilense 10/1 the protein content in the grain increased to 14.06%, wet gluten – to the 35, 17, full-scale mass of grain increased by 7.3%. Conclusions. Taking into account the positive effect of associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria A. brasilense 10/1 on the growth and development of triticale plants, perspective variant is the creation of a biological product based on the strain for increasing the yield and improving the quality of the resulting products.
Highlights
Triticale was first selected in the late nineteenth century in order to combine the best qualities of wheat and rye [1]
After inoculation of spring triticale with a promising strain A. brasilense 10/1, the protein content in the grain increased to 14.06%, raw fibre – up to 35.17%, bushel weight of the grain increased by 7.3% (Table 3)
It was established that the strain A. brasilense 10/1 influences the growth and development of triticale plants both as a diazotroph and as a producer of growth stimulating substances
Summary
Triticale was first selected in the late nineteenth century in order to combine the best qualities of wheat and rye [1]. This crop exceeds both parent plants in a number of key features (yield, nutritional and biological value), and in terms of resistance to adverse weather conditions and disease, significantly exceeds wheat and is not inferior to rye [2, 3]. Triticale belongs to the crops that are undemanding to soil fertility, but depends on the level of mineral nutrition, which significantly affects the formation of the productivity of their agrocenoses [1, 11]. Considering the above, the objective of our research was to study the efficiency of the use of associative diazotrophs Azospirillum brasilense 10/1 to increase yields and improve quality of spring triticale grain
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